(A) the types of literature review
Summary and summary are collectively referred to as literature review, which is to summarize and comment on the valuable contents of the original documents published in a certain period of time for a certain subject or topic. The main features are "narration" and "comment". Because of the differences in emphasis, degree and level, there are differences between them. Review is also called literature review, and review is also called thematic review.
(B) the difference between thematic review and literature review
1. Thematic review is an overview, comment, prospect and prediction of the research status of an academic topic, so it requires high quality of the author, and is generally written by experts or academic leaders, so it is also called "expert review"; Literature review is a comprehensive literature which is based on the needs of scientific research, teaching and medical treatment, around an academic topic, collects relevant literature materials in a certain period, and processes them.
2. The focus of thematic review is "evaluation", including evaluation, prospect, prediction and suggestions on the research status of thematic research, while "description" is only "overview", which is in a secondary position and is an auxiliary foreshadowing for comments, without emphasizing all aspects, let alone enumerating materials; Literature review focuses on "narration", because it is a processed secondary document, so it pays attention to detailed materials and has retrieval value. There are many types of literature reviews, which can be roughly divided into abstract reviews and analytical reviews. A comprehensive summary, also known as a comprehensive summary, is an objective and comprehensive summary of the original documents, aiming at providing detailed information without doping the author's own views, so that readers can judge the contents of the summary. Analytical review, through the analysis of the contents of the original documents, expresses the author's views and opinions, which have both retrospect and prospect, and can ask questions and refine new ideas and methods.
Second, the writing methods of medical literature review
(A) the basic structure
1. The basic structure of literature review includes title, signature, keywords, introduction, text, conclusion, reference index, etc. It has the characteristics of emphasizing documentary, time limit and theme.
2. The basic structure of thematic review includes title, signature, abstract, keywords, introduction, text, references, etc. Because the authors are mostly subject experts and project leaders, some journals often attach author profiles and photos before the text, after the title and signature to help readers understand the authors and enhance the authority of the articles. (2) Basic steps and methods
1, choose the right theme;
2. Collect and read materials extensively;
3. conceive and draft a writing outline.
(3) Precautions
1, literature review
The title of (1) generally consists of literature citation, time limit, summary theme and stylistic landmarks. For example, the summary of the treatment progress of peptic ulcer in recent ten years, the time limit of summary, the theme of summary, and the stylistic symbols. However, sometimes symbolic words and time limits can be omitted, and vague words such as "recent situation", "progress" and "general situation" can be used, which are mostly topics with short research history or generally refer to recent years.
(2) The most important thing is detailed information. If too much information, especially authoritative information, is omitted, the value of the review will be reduced. Therefore, the detailed possession of documents is the premise.
(3) Cite the literature once as much as possible. The second and third documents after processing often have the subjective tendency of the processor, and the reliability is greatly reduced.
(4) The length should not be too long, generally 3000-5000 words.
2. Thematic comments
The fitting method of (1) topic is basically subject words (academic topics) plus stylistic landmarks. For example, the summary of stroke research in recent ten years, the summary of blood syndrome research, and the treatment and research of TCM emergencies. You can also omit symbolic words and use words such as "prospect", "present situation" and "future prediction" to match the subject.
(2) Writing depends on the content, and there is no fixed format. Generally, it can be divided into three parts: research (development) overview, existing problems, outlook and suggestions.
(3) Give priority to summing up and commenting, and the quotations should not be too long, so it is unnecessary to list all references.
ScienceCitationlnsex was founded in 196 1 year, edited and published by lnsti: ut for scientific information (ISL),1961968. CITATIONINDEX (Citation Index) is an index used to find out the citation of an author's paper. Citation is a cited document, that is, a reference attached to the original paper. Scientific citation index is a set of retrieval tools, which mainly reports the cited papers of citation authors (authors of reference documents) and published papers of source authors in the fields of life science, medicine, behavioral science, physics, chemical industry, engineering technology, astronomy and geography. According to the statistics of the number of documents before 1998, SCI in 1997 * * contains 3,453 publications (including 125 monographs) and 32,634 issues, and more than 740,000 original documents (including 1.65438+) have been extracted. There are more than 1343 biomedical and pharmaceutical journals in 1997, and 1 12 1 biomedical and pharmaceutical journals overlap with American medical indexes, accounting for 83.5%. There are 65,438+00 Chinese periodicals, while 65,438+03 Chinese periodicals are included in 65,438+093 (including 4 Gulf periodicals), as shown in the following catalogue: Journal of Geology-English Edition (98) Journal of Pharmacology (97,98) Journal of Botany (9) Taiwan Province Province. 98) Chinese Mathematical Analysis b (98) Chinese Jonnalo Fphysics (Taiwan Province Province; 97, 98) 98)hinesemedical Journal(97, 98) 98 98) 98)ChinesePhysicsLetter( 97, 98) China Physics (98) Communication and Psychology (98) Journal of Taiwan Province Province; 97,98) Science China Series a- Mathematical Physics Science and Technology Science (98) Science China Series a- Mathematical Physics Science and Technology Science (97) Science China Series b- Chemical Life Science and Earth Science (98) Science China Series b- Chemistry (97,98) Science China Series c- Life Science (97,98) Science China Series c- Earth Science (98)
2 The unique function of scientific citation index The most striking feature of SCI is that it reflects the relationship between citation and citation of papers, and its functions mainly include:
2. 1 Evaluation Citation Readers can reveal the social benefits of cited papers through citation index, specifically: ① How many people cite a paper, so as to evaluate the influence and social value of the paper (especially the papers cited by many people) on scientific and technological development; ② Researchers can also know the social benefits and values of their research results through citation index.
2.2 Evaluation of Citation Author By searching all the papers of a citation author, we can objectively evaluate the author's professional expertise and academic attainments and his contribution to the development of science and technology from the quantity of documents.
2.3 Bridge function between peers in similar topics By searching who cited the author of the paper, we can know the unit and address of the source author through the source index. This relationship between citation and citation reveals the exchange and feedback of information, so as to understand the distribution of researchers on the same or similar topics and build a bridge for mutual communication between peers.
2.4 Analysis of scientific research trends Through the statistical analysis of papers published by the group index, we can understand the scientific research achievements and scientific and technological development trends of the country or unit departments, so as to facilitate counterpart learning.
Hierarchical structure and retrieval method of 3SCI
3. 1 arrangement structure SCI has a wide range of documents, many retrieval ways and unique arrangement style. Before understanding the search method, let's introduce the arrangement structure of SCl. At present, SCI is published in six issues every year, and each issue is divided into six volumes A, B, C, D, E and F. Before 1997, there were five volumes A, B, C, D and E..
3.2SCI retrieval methods, SCI retrieval methods mainly include:
3.2. 1 citation retrieval method To understand or evaluate a scholar's academic level, scientific research achievements, contribution to a certain subject and international popularity, you can query the name of the expert and the citation of his paper through Citationlndex(CI). For example, American biochemist and diabetes endocrinologist Rasalyssussmanyalow first published papers on the determination of endogenous plasma insulin in human blood by radioimmunoassay in 1959 and 1960. Because she publishes many papers every year and many people quote her papers every year, she won the Nobel Prize in Medicine with 1977. In recognition of her great contribution in physiology and medicine, we take YalowRS (note: foreigners' names are used before surnames, while the names of retrieval tools in China are used after surnames, and foreigners' surnames are abbreviated by their initials) as the object, and look up YalowRS in CI like a dictionary, and we can get the citations of her papers. If you know that a colleague in your research field has published a paper related to your own topic, but you still need to obtain more literature in this field, then checking CI is the most ideal. If you want to check the quotation of a book by Professor Tao, a famous expert on hepatobiliary diseases in China, you can take "TaoQM" as the object, find out the quotation of this book, and also get the name and source (source author) of the quotation. Then use the citation name to search in the SOURCEINDEX, you can get the information of related documents in the source paper, and then search the references attached to the source paper to get the names of citations and cited persons, so that you can search a large number of related papers (new and old papers) back and forth. If you know the patent number of a patent and you want to know how the patent is cited, you can get the patent citation, the name of the cited person and the source of the patent by looking it up in the patent citation index according to the patent number. 3.2.2 Search method of source documents This search method is the same as other search tools (such as IM, EM, CA, BA, Chinese, foreign languages, etc.). ), but the difference is that there is also a CORPORATEINDEX in the SOURCEINDEX (SI), so you can check the publication of papers in a country or even a unit from the name of the institution or the name of the country or city to understand the publication of papers in that country or unit. Author's way: it can be divided into anonymous part and signature part. You want to know which papers have been published by an author, or you get the names of quotations from the citation index. You can use the author's name to find the author's related papers in SI (you can find the subject through experts, scholars and celebrities in a certain discipline). The information provided in SI is the most detailed (including paper title, co-author's name, paper type, ISI registration number, paper source, author's unit name and country), and the group index part: there are also western parts, namely GeographicSection and OrganizationS ection. To know how many papers have been published by China Medical University, first look up "China" in GS. In GS, China's performance is: eoplesSRchina (this part ranks the United States first, and the United States takes the name of the state as the first-class standard purpose, such as Alabama, California, Arkansas, new york, etc. Countries such as Australia, ELGICM, Canada, Britain, China, People's Republic of China (PRC), Japan, etc. ), Medical University is located in Shen Zui, Liaoning Province (if you don't know which country or city ChinaMedicalUniversity is in, please check it first. For example, the English name of China Medical University is China Medical University, with the English name as the title. If you look up ChinaMedUniv in alphabetical order, you can get the papers published by the authors of China Medical University. The more papers published by this institution, the more research results there will be. That is to say, China (as mentioned above) is found in GS, and peoples China is the first-class title, then Shenyang or Liaoning is the second-class title, and then ChinaMedUniv is the third-class title. As mentioned above, OS plays an auxiliary role in GS. Under this condition, there is no paper information, but only the author's name, literature source and address in GS. In this way, we can understand the scientific research trends of medical and health units at home and abroad, understand the scientific research level of a country or even a unit, and grasp the general situation of scientific researchers. Subject search method: When you don't have a citation or the name of the author or institution, you can use the rotating subject index (PSl). If your research topic is about drug treatment of leukemia, you can find many related literatures with the title of "leukemia" and the matching word of "drug treatment". If you look up "diagnosis of lung cancer", with Lng-Cancer as the key word and diagnosis as the coordinate word, you can also find some related literatures, and then you can get detailed literature information by looking up the author's name under this key word. To sum up, detailed literature information is only available in the SI part, and PSI only contains subject words, collocations and author names. CI reflects the relationship between citation and citation, and readers can find different parts according to their own needs.
Disadvantages of 4SCI Although SCI has its unique functions, it also has certain limitations, mainly including:
4.65438+
4.2 The unit level is not clear, such as the Cardiovascular Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi Medical College. According to our understanding, the first-level title is China, the second-level title is Nanchang, the third-level title is Jiangxi Medical University, the fourth-level title is First Affiliated Hospital, and the fifth-level title is Cardiovascular Department. However, in SCI, the title of level 4 is level 3, and JiangxiMedColl has become a subordinate unit of the First Affiliated Hospital, which is not easy to find.
4.3 Chinese literature is limited. SCI includes more than 3,000 periodicals, while Chinese periodicals only have 10 and medicine only has 2 kinds, which really cannot reflect the research level of medical science and technology in China.
4.4 The authors have the same name. Because of the author's initials, it is more troublesome to find some homonyms. For example, "LiL" can be Li Li or Li Li, and you need to see detailed information to determine whether it is the author you are looking for. Despite its shortcomings, SCI is still a good assistant for medical and pharmaceutical researchers. A great deal of medical information can be found in SCI. Compared with the American Medical Index (IM), IM includes 30,965,438+0 periodicals and 42 periodicals in China (including 9 periodicals in Taiwan Province Province and 65,438+0 periodicals in Hongkong). Although the former contains few medical journals, it can be seen that there are citations between papers.