Argumentative reading knowledge and skills
1. Three elements of argumentative writing: argument, argument and argumentation.
2. Demonstration methods: reasoning, example, comparison, quotation and metaphor.
3. Argumentation method: argumentation and refutation. According to this standard, argumentative essays can be divided into two categories: argumentation and refutation. )
4. The functions of analysis and demonstration methods are as follows:
(1) Illustration: By citing specific examples, the demonstration will be more specific and convincing.
Format: Use examples to demonstrate and cite … (summarize examples) to prove … (if there is a sub-argument, write the sub-argument it proves, otherwise write the central argument), thus making the argument more specific and convincing.
2. Reasoning and argumentation: prove the argument through reasoning, making the argument more general and profound.
Form: demonstrate the viewpoint ... with the method of rational argument, so as to make the argument more universal and deeper.
(3) Metaphorical argument: Proved by metaphor, making the argument vivid and easy to understand. Format: Using the method of metaphorical argument, we compare and prove the viewpoints from ... to ..., thus making the abstract and profound truth vivid and easy to understand.
④ Comparative argument: The function of comparative argument is to emphasize. Format: A method of comparative argument, which is used to compare … with … and emphasize the viewpoint of ….
⑤ Citation argument: Its function should be analyzed in detail. For example, quoting famous sayings, aphorisms and authoritative data can enhance the persuasiveness and authority of the argument; Citing celebrity anecdotes and anecdotes can enhance the interest of the argument and attract readers to read.
Format: The argument method of citing argument is adopted, and the viewpoints are as follows
5. The types and functions of analysis and demonstration:
Argumentation can be divided into two types: rational argument and factual argument. So the standard answer format is as follows: this is an argument, which plays the role of proof ... (argument, if there is a sub-argument, write the sub-argument it proves, otherwise write the central argument. )
6. The article puts forward the way of central argument:
The title of the article points out the central argument; ② Put forward the central argument at the beginning of the article; ③ The article ends with a central argument; (4) Put forward the central argument with a connecting sentence in the middle of the article. (5) The article does not directly put forward the central argument, but it always focuses on ...
7. Analyze the argumentation ideas of the article.
The structure of a general argumentative essay: asking questions (introduction)-analyzing questions (thesis)-solving problems (conclusion). To analyze the argumentation idea of an argumentative essay is actually to add some words such as "first", "then", "next" and "last" on the basis of paragraph level. When doing this topic, we should pay special attention to the expression at the beginning and the end.
The function of the beginning is: (1), to put forward the central argument; (2), lead to the topic; In the above two aspects, it is necessary to specifically answer the specific tests that put forward the central argument or lead to the topic, some through famous sayings, some through celebrity anecdotes, and some through anecdotes and jokes.
The function of the ending: (1), deepen the central argument and put forward the conclusion of …; (2) Repeating or strengthening the central argument ...; (3) Appeal ... or exhort people ...; (4) Supplementary argument ... (Its function is to make the argument more rigorous. )
8. Analysis of the characteristics of argumentative language:
There are only two angles to analyze the linguistic features of argumentative essays: (1) linguistic features; (2) Stylistic features. To do this kind of topic, we should master some key words of language style: concise and plain, vivid and humorous, implicit and euphemistic, rich in literary talent and so on. ). Stylistic features are four words: grasping the letter is a matter of course. One thing that needs special attention is that doing this kind of topic must be supported by specific sentences, that is, using specific examples in the article as examples of analysis.
9. Analysis of the characteristics of argumentative writing
There are many angles to analyze the characteristics of argumentative writing, such as rhetorical devices, argumentation methods and writing skills.
(1), rhetoric: for example, metaphor can be combined with the characteristics of metaphor, that is, vivid image; For example, parallelism enhances the momentum of the article argument; For example, quoting ancient poetry makes the article rich in literary talent.
(2) Model Law: Talking about the function of reference model law.
(3) The writing techniques are relatively fixed, and the common ones are: (1), the combination of example and argument (narrative and discussion); (2) Demonstration method
10, paragraph structure function:
(1), the following leads to (all); (2) Summarize the first (full) articles; (3) connecting the preceding with the following.
As an argumentative paragraph, it must be answered in combination with stylistic features.
If the opening paragraph often leads to the central argument (topic), then we can refer to the following two examples of specific answer formats for use or adaptation:
(1) At the beginning, by writing a case of …, put forward the central argument … (or lead to the topic of …). (2) Quote famous stories at the beginning to put forward the central argument … (or lead to the topic of …). (3) at the beginning, quote interesting stories of celebrities to put forward the central argument … (or lead to the topic of …).
For the function of the ending paragraph, please refer to 4: "The content at the end".