The transfer matrix is a reversible linear transformation between bases. There may be different bases in a space V. Suppose there are two groups of bases, namely A and B.. The transfer matrix p from base a to base b is defined as P=Mat_A(B). For this matrix, there is a relationship B=AP. It represents the relationship between bases.

The main branch of numerical analysis is devoted to the development of effective algorithms for matrix calculation, which has been a topic for a century and is an expanding research field. The matrix decomposition method simplifies the theoretical and practical calculation. ?

The concept of matrix first appeared in Chinese at 1922. 1922, Cheng Tingxi translated the matrix into "vertical and horizontal arrangement" in an introduction article. 1925 In the list of accepted nouns published in Volume 10, No.4 of Science, matrix is translated as "matrix" and phalanx as "phalanx".

However, the "matrix" in various matrices such as "orthogonal matrix" and "adjoint matrix" was translated into "square matrix" on 1935. After the review of chinese mathematical society, "matrix" first appeared as a translated name in the "Mathematical Terminology" approved by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of China (and "ordered all universities and colleges in China to follow it to show unity").