There is no obvious difference in strictness between VIP and HowNet. Although the principle of duplicate checking is the same, both of them will judge whether they are duplicates according to the continuous appearance of 13 characters, but their databases and algorithms may be different, so the final duplicate checking results may be different.

VIP, HowNet and Wanfang are the three major academic literature databases in China, and there are some differences in the scope of collection, retrieval methods and fees. For the first draft and the middle draft, it is suggested that free duplicate checking systems such as paperfree and papertime can be used to detect the duplicate content of the paper more accurately, and make appropriate modifications and adjustments to reduce the duplicate rate of the paper.

In addition, there may be differences in duplicate checking systems used by different schools or institutions, so it is necessary to choose the appropriate duplicate checking system for testing according to the specific situation.