On Positive Psychology and Mental Health Education 1 Psychological Health Education in Higher Vocational Colleges under the Guidance of Positive Psychology
Under the influence of positive psychology, higher vocational mental health education should turn to "positive", update educational ideas, adjust educational objectives, expand educational content, optimize teacher-student relationship, change educational process, improve consulting service, improve measuring tools, change evaluation methods, create a positive educational support system, cultivate and stimulate higher vocational students' internal positive strength and excellent quality, maximize their potential, and promote their positive, healthy and happy growth.
Keywords: higher vocational education; Positive psychology; Mental health education
About the author: Wang Ligao (1978-), male, from Linyi, Shandong, lecturer of Guangxi Vocational College of Water Conservancy and Electric Power. His research interests are mental health and vocational education.
China Library ClassificationNo.: G7 15 Document ID: A DocumentNo.:1001-7518 (2016)14-0014.
With the rise of positive psychology, psychology has achieved balance and regression in real value. Its core is to pay more attention to people's "positive side", pay attention to people's positive experience, cultivate people's positive psychological quality and attach importance to the construction of positive organizational system. The goal is to stimulate people's positive energy, develop and improve people's positive potential, and finally realize the ideal state of happiness. Based on the viewpoint and concept of positive psychology, mental health education in higher vocational colleges should be actively reformed and innovated [1].
First, renew the concept: from "negative" to "positive"
Higher vocational colleges are an important position to cultivate applied talents for economic and social development. At present, there is still prejudice against vocational education in society, coupled with high employment pressure and low academic level, which leads to higher vocational students being more prone to some psychological problems than ordinary college students. The traditional mental health education in higher vocational colleges follows the mode of prevention and correction, focusing on "psychological problems" and "problem students", which leads to the fact that most vocational students only know how to avoid negative emotions and do not know how to improve positive experience, so that the form, content, methods and ways of mental health education enter a negative orientation, which is contrary to the overall goal and main principles of mental health education in higher vocational colleges [2]. The fields involved in positive psychology are mainly positive "personality traits, emotional experience and social environment". Based on this, the mental health education of higher vocational students should be guided by the concept of positive psychology, integrate educational objectives, tap rich resources and broaden educational methods and channels. We should improve the educational model, introduce the thoughts and values of positive psychology, focus on the healthy development goals of all vocational college students, improve the goals, contents, ways and means of mental health education, optimize the mental health education environment of vocational college students, stimulate their potential, cultivate excellent quality, and make them grow into talents who meet the needs of regional economic development and society. Based on the theory of positive psychology, we take the cultivation of positive personality of higher vocational students as the starting point of education and teaching, and turn our attention to the development of potential and the cultivation of positive quality of higher vocational students. Based on positive psychology, higher vocational mental health education should change from "problem" to "development" and from "negative" to "positive", which should not only pay attention to the psychological problems of higher vocational students, but also pay attention to the prevention of psychological problems of most higher vocational students and the positive personality cultivation that reflects positive energy [3].
Second, adjust the goal: from "adaptation" to "improving happiness"
Influenced by the negative psychological mode, the psychological health education mode in higher vocational colleges is oriented to the diagnosis and treatment of psychological problems of higher vocational students, focusing on students' negative emotions and negative cognition, and the main goal is the adaptive adjustment of higher vocational students [4]. According to positive psychology, mental health education is an active, positive and developing educational activity, which is based on human growth and development, and aims at cultivating and shaping people's sound personality and enhancing people's happiness. The goal of mental health education in higher vocational colleges should face all higher vocational students, pay attention to the excavation of students' psychological potential and the optimization of their psychological functions, and pay attention to students' optimism about life, confidence in the future, resilience in the face of difficulties, harmonious interpersonal relationship, sense of value and self-esteem. According to positive psychology, every individual has the instinct and potential for self-development and growth. Mental health education in higher vocational colleges is to cultivate students' positive psychological capital, explore their growth potential, enhance their resilience, enhance their positive comprehensive psychological quality, and make them face life and the future with optimism and confidence, thus enhancing their happiness [5]. Positive psychology should sublimate the goal of mental health education in higher vocational colleges. Therefore, the psychological health education in higher vocational colleges should combine the debugging goal with the development goal, promote the positive emotional experience of higher vocational students, enhance their subjective well-being, cultivate their good self-awareness, build harmonious interpersonal relationships, develop their healthy personality, cultivate their positive psychological qualities such as optimism, hope, resilience and responsibility, and guide them to learn positive attitudes and abilities to treat things, themselves, people and the surrounding environment.
Third, expand the content: from "attaching importance to negative psychology" to "developing psychological potential and cultivating positive psychological quality"
An important task that psychology pays attention to is people's negative psychological problems, and mental health education in higher vocational colleges also adopts this biased way, paying more attention to the prevention and treatment of individual negative psychological problems and paying attention to the "negative" and "negative" directions of higher vocational students' psychology [6]. Positive psychology focuses on individual's positive cognitive processing, positive emotional experience and positive social attitude. Positive cognitive processing includes optimism, self-confidence, hope, resilience and wisdom. Positive emotional experience includes happiness, interest, satisfaction and happiness. Positive social attitudes include altruism, tolerance and social responsibility [7]. Therefore, in order to realize the return of psychological value, the content of mental health education in higher vocational colleges should be changed from "negative" to "positive", enriching and developing the content of traditional mental health education and developing positive educational resources. Its core content covers the cultivation of positive emotional experience (including study, life, interpersonal relationship and self), the shaping of positive personality (including ability and potential positive behavior) and the construction and use of positive social support system, which comprehensively covers personality. It is necessary to develop positive mental health education courses to carry these positive contents and resources, pay attention to the organic combination of overt and covert, compulsory and elective courses, establish and improve a positive curriculum system, and highlight the professional characteristics of higher vocational education and reflect the needs of higher vocational students for diversified and personalized courses. The content of mental health education in higher vocational colleges is to cultivate students' positive cognition, emotion, behavior and relationship, develop their psychological potential and cultivate their positive psychological quality.
Fourthly, optimize the relationship between subject and object: from "one-way, opposition" to "equality, democracy and harmony"
Although higher vocational mental health education also pays attention to the equality of teacher-student relationship, in practice, due to the influence of traditional concepts, teacher-student relationship is often regarded as the relationship between education and being educated, which is a one-way opposite relationship of "I speak and you listen" [8]. According to positive psychology, everyone is a positive self-manager, with positive psychological potential and self-healing ability, positive attitude towards life and growth potential [9]. Therefore, in practice, teachers and students are both individuals and subjects in development and growth, not the teacher-student relationship of education and education opposition. As far as the process of mental health education in higher vocational colleges is concerned, it is not only the process of the growth and development of higher vocational students, but also the process of the common growth of teachers and students, and the relationship between teachers and students is equal and harmonious. Therefore, teachers should not only treat students' growth with a positive and developmental perspective, but also attach importance to teachers' personal self-growth. In the process of education, teachers should cultivate and use their positive psychology to help and influence students' growth. Teachers should develop and cultivate their own and students' positive psychology, "moisten" students with a "positive" attitude, and integrate key elements such as experience and interaction into teaching to make them vivid. In the process of education and teaching, we should use equal, harmonious and positive words, respect each other, share and appreciate each other, be harmonious and happy, experience auspiciousness and embody democracy. So as to cultivate and develop the positive and healthy psychological quality of higher vocational students and create an equal, positive, democratic and harmonious psychological growth atmosphere for higher vocational students.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) transformation process: from "perception" to "positive experience"
The traditional mental health education in higher vocational colleges attaches importance to imparting knowledge. From the perspective of "knowledge", it often follows the mode of "psychological phenomenon interpretation-psychological problem analysis-exploring application strategies" to let higher vocational students understand and master psychological knowledge. In the evaluation process of mental health education in higher vocational colleges, we pay attention to the examination of students' psychological knowledge and their understanding and mastery of psychological knowledge, but there are obvious shortcomings and defects in the emotional experience of higher vocational students in this process. According to positive psychology, it is necessary to cultivate students' positive personality through positive "experience" to promote their development and growth. Therefore, the teaching system of mental health education in higher vocational colleges should mobilize the initiative, participation and enthusiasm of higher vocational students [10]; The content should meet the needs of students, choose the theme that suits them best, and discuss and explain these problems with higher vocational students from a positive perspective; In specific teaching, there are more group activities and counseling, case teaching, situation design, quality development, psychological sitcom and so on. It should be set up to allow higher vocational students to increase positive experience and establish a positive psychological state in the process of mental health education. In this way, in the process of mental health education, higher vocational students are no longer bystanders, perceptors and receivers of knowledge, but active participants and active experiencers. In every link and step, higher vocational students can fully gain positive experience, get positive feelings and produce positive emotions. In this way, the mode of mental health education in higher vocational colleges has changed from imparting theoretical knowledge and perceptual knowledge to taking mental health education activity classes as the main channel, taking active consultation and intervention as the important auxiliary means, and taking vocational students' experience, cooperation, participation, activity and introspection as the main forms to cultivate their positive personality and promote their healthy growth.
Sixth, improve the consulting service: from "prevention and correction" to "positive, improve the quality and significance of life"
With regard to psychological counseling, it seems that we should pay more attention to problems and defects, and the pain and illness automatically occur, rather than personal advantages and resources; Similarly, let's automatically assume that only by "removing" or "getting rid of" these immediate obstacles will life "return to normal" or become happy. The psychological counseling service in higher vocational colleges is also carried out under this kind of thinking or understanding. Psychological consultation and service in higher vocational colleges should not only pay attention to the pain, confusion and struggle, prevention and correction of higher vocational students, but also pay attention to brighter contents of higher vocational students, such as advantages, happiness, hope, devotion, creation, goals, motivation, market, acceptance, metaphor, resources and growth [1 1]. In the process of psychological counseling service in higher vocational colleges, we should not only help them face the pain and challenges they will inevitably encounter in life, but also help them eliminate the symptoms of depression, anxiety, anger or trauma, and more importantly, help them live a rich and beautiful life. Therefore, psychological counseling should be based on the characteristics of physical and mental development of higher vocational students and the characteristics of vocational education in higher vocational colleges, and adopt active psychological counseling methods to promote the psychological health and comprehensive professional quality of higher vocational students. On the subject of activities, teacher guidance, peer counseling and personal self-help need to be effectively combined. Activities such as psychological salon, Cosplay and psychological drama can integrate the functions of the three. In the positioning of the scope of activities, we should effectively combine group counseling with individual counseling and individual interviews. From the orientation of educational function, it is necessary to organically combine prevention, correction and development consultation. As far as educational media is concerned, it needs the combination of network platform, paper media and psychological propaganda. According to the psychological needs of higher vocational students, a positive psychological security mechanism should be constructed. Establish and improve the five-level prevention system of "school-department-class-dormitory" which combines self-examination, general survey and investigation, and build a strong defense line for students' psychological safety. In case of crisis, provide relevant students with targeted and positive psychological intervention in time to avoid the impact and expansion of the crisis [12].
Seven, improve tools: from "measuring negative" to "evaluating positive"
Evaluation and measurement are one of the important functions of psychology. Many psychological assessments and measurements, such as the traditional SCL-90 scale and the self-rating anxiety scale, mostly reflect the negative and morbid psychological tendency of the subjects. Research shows that no matter how many problems a person has, he must have positive aspects. Positive psychology makes the evaluation and measurement of mental health education more positive, accurate and practical, and realizes the balance and regression of psychological value. Therefore, mental health education should develop and apply positive evaluation indicators, develop positive measurement tools, adopt positive measurement techniques and implement positive intervention [13]. Psychological measurement of higher vocational students is different from previous pathological evaluation and intervention. The purpose of choosing measurement tools is to guide higher vocational students to pay attention to and tap their most positive qualities, characteristics and potential, pay attention to their unique personality, and pay attention to evaluating their positive psychological qualities such as happiness, optimism, hope, satisfaction, positive emotions, growth motivation, harmonious interpersonal relationship and positive self. By taking positive, effective and positive psychological measurement as far as possible, through measurement and evaluation,
8. Evaluation of change: from "diagnostic and summative evaluation" to "formative and developmental evaluation"
Mental health education in higher vocational colleges needs to create a positive teaching environment, so that students can get a positive emotional experience and form a positive personality, and teaching evaluation is a very important factor in the teaching environment. The teaching evaluation of mental health education in higher vocational colleges should weaken the function of screening and screening, strengthen the function of development, and build a positive teaching environment through the guiding role. It is necessary to add staged process evaluation to diagnostic and summative evaluation, and turn to formative and developmental evaluation [15] to examine the psychological growth process of higher vocational students from the perspective of reflection, transformation and generation, and to examine their progress in daily behavior changes through the combination of qualitative evaluation and quantitative evaluation; The evaluation subject should pay attention to diversification, combine the evaluation among teachers, students and parents, and urge higher vocational students to improve their psychological quality with positive psychological concepts through multi-subject evaluation, self-analysis report, situation test and other forms of evaluation, so as to realize the functions of diagnosis, evaluation, encouragement, guidance and improvement of evaluation, and comprehensively examine the dynamic development and effect of personality traits, self-efficacy, psychological capital and emotions of higher vocational students.
Nine, improve the support system: from "thin" to "build a positive organizational system"
Because of the biased understanding of the connotation, the traditional mental health education in higher vocational colleges is often divorced from other educational work in the school, and the educational methods are relatively simple and the channels are too narrow, which can not well realize the cultivation and sound development of higher vocational students' personality [17]. Positive psychology attaches importance to the construction of a positive organizational system and a positive social environment. Therefore, the mental health education in higher vocational colleges should establish a perfect and positive organizational system, with schools as the main body, vocational students as the center, and families, communities and society * * * participating together [18]. Higher vocational colleges should strive to build an educational environment that can promote the positive personality development of higher vocational students, build a positive and perfect mental health education mechanism, and comprehensively implement the organic combination of "course teaching system, publicity and education system, daily counseling system, quality development system and crisis intervention system" to form a positive atmosphere of full participation and comprehensive infiltration. Higher vocational colleges should also establish a psychological health education mechanism with the cooperation of family, community and society, implement the concept of positive psychology, give full play to the emotional and resource advantages of this positive organization system under the guidance of humanistic care and scientific spirit, help higher vocational students tap their potential, stimulate their vitality, encourage them to learn to study and live healthily and happily, and improve their subjective well-being and dignity. In this positive organizational system, higher vocational mental health education should constantly expand educational channels, innovate educational forms, give full play to its functions, promote the all-round, sustained and healthy development of higher vocational students, and provide a steady stream of positive energy for their lifelong happiness.
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