-the origin of the true qi of symplectic words (I)

Zhang Shangrao Teachers College Chinese Department

After reading Xin Qiji's poems, we will feel that there is an indomitable heroic and vigorous spirit running, sometimes arrogant, sometimes depressed, sometimes arrogant, sometimes gentle and sad, even in his delicate and graceful words, quiet and leisurely pastoral words, and humorous words, we can't hide it. As Chen Tingzhuo said in his ci, "Jia Xuan's ci ... is full of anger."

First, the development of the meaning of "Qi"

Starting with the meaning of "Qi", this paper discusses the Qi of Xin Ci.

What is qi? How does the meaning of "Qi" extend and develop? Qi, an pictograph, originally meant cloud qi. Xu Shen said in Shuo Wen Jie Zi: "Qi," Duan Yucai noticed, "It looks like Yun Qi." This original meaning has been extended and expanded, and it has become the breath of nature. In Zhuangzi's The Theory of Everything, it is said that "a large piece of gas is called wind", which refers to the atmosphere. The expansion of the meaning of "atmosphere" is divided into two major paths.

The first path extends in the depth direction under the background of nature and universe, and becomes "meteorology". All the yin and yang phenomena in the atmosphere are called "Qi". "Zuo Zhao Zhuan Gong Nian" Note: "There are six qi in the sky, which means that yin and yang are rainy and windy." Records of the Historian Tianguanshu: "The sea is like a balcony, which is suffocating." "Tian Han Wen Zhi": "Lightning demon wind, strange clouds change color, this is the essence of yin and yang." The weather between heaven and earth will never stop changing. This meteorological change is considered to be the function of "Qi" itself. With the development of the ancient theory of Yin-Yang and Five Elements and Taiji, the meaning of "Qi" has expanded to "Qi", which is the reason for the change of everything and the origin of everything. "Gathering qi for things" in Yi Zhuan Cohesion: "It means that the qi of Yin and Yang elves gathers for everything." "The Book of Rites and the Moon Order" says: "The moon in Ji Chun is full of gas." In this way, the word "Qi" gradually entered the field of philosophy and became an important category of China's classical philosophy. "Qi" means "matter" and "existence". The second paragraph of Zhang Zai's "Taihe Pian" in the Northern Song Dynasty said: "Too empty and intangible, the noumenon of qi. Gather and disperse, and turn into a guest ear. " The third paragraph of "Taihe Pian" also said: "Although the qi of heaven and earth gathers and disperses, it is reasonable to attack all kinds of ways, and it is smooth and not impetuous. Qi, as a kind of thing, disperses into the invisible, which is suitable for my body (according to this sentence, it just conforms to what I call the ontology of qi, that is, "too intangible, the ontology of qi"); Getting together has an image without losing our usual habit. Space can't be lifeless, gas can't be gathered by everything, and everything can't be scattered by space. " Cheng Yi in the Northern Song Dynasty developed Zhang Zai's scholarship. He does not deny that Qi exists as a substance, but there is a law at work that makes Qi generate "things". This law is called Tao. So he said "Yin and Yang are qi" and "So Yin and Yang are Tao". "Qi is metaphysical, and Tao is metaphysical". Zhu inherited the scholarship of Cheng Yi in the Southern Song Dynasty, making it more refined and perfect. He said: "cover the principle of heaven and earth, so all beings;" Its biological person, qi and quality are also "("The Analects of Confucius or Topic "Volume 17). He made a more detailed and dialectical exposition of this in "Answering the Yellow Four Books". He said: "In the origin of all things, the principle is the same but the qi is different. Look at the heterogeneity of all things, the qi is still similar, and the reason is absolutely different "(Volume 46 of Collected Works of Zhu Zi). The meaning of qi developed along this path has nothing to do with Jia Xuan's true qi. This article does not discuss this issue.

The second way to develop the meaning of "qi" is that the atmosphere enters the human body through human breath and becomes the gas that the human body breathes in and out. Confucius' The Analects of Confucius and the Rural Party: "When you enter the public gate, you … take a photo together, bow like you, and hold your breath as if you were never tired". It means that when Confucius enters the court, he should lift his hem, be respectful and cautious, and hold his breath. This "qi" is the breath that comes in and out. If people can't breathe in and out, they can't sustain life, bring vitality and gain abundant physical strength. Therefore, the word "qi" means the source of life, vitality and abundant physical strength. For example, "Mencius Gongsun Chou" said: "Those who are angry are covered." "The Book of Guan Angel" says: "Angry people are full of them". "Huai Nan Zi Yuan Dao Xun" says: "Those who are angry are full of life". "Wen Zi's Ten Weak Articles" says: "Form is also the home of life; Angry people are born with yuan; Heaven, the system of life is also. " Along this path, and then extended to the depths, it refers to the mental state of the human subject. Courage, anger, resentment, air, misfortune, lethargy, vitality, heroism, escape and other daily expressions. All indicate a certain subjective mental state of human beings. In these mental states, the word "Qi" often refers to a state of vigorous and energetic, and there is no need to add any modifiers before the word "Qi". For example, Xiang Yu's "Gaixia Song": "If you pull out the mountain, you will be angry with the world, and if you are unfavorable, you will not die. What can I do if I don't die? " Another example is "Zuo Zhuan Zhuang Gong Ten Years Cao Gui Debate": "If you work hard, you will fail." Xin Qiji's "The Fourth Autonomy of Meiqin" also used this word: "Heroes in the world, kings who bring chaos, must first have the spirit of taking the three armed forces internally and breaking the enemy's heart externally. Therefore, it is said that' there is no war to raise its gas' and' the ancestors have the heart to seize people'. " "On Nine" also said: "On the topic of the world, it is qi." The conclusion of "Nine Discussions" also said: "Anger at creating people, and then we can discuss the world." Xin Qiji's "Forever Happiness" also uses the word "qi" to express the spirit of going forward and being invincible: "I thought that in those days, Jin Ge was an iron horse and swallowed Wan Li like a tiger."

The word "Qi", which describes people's mental state, was borrowed by literary critics in past dynasties to comment on poetry and became an important concept often used in the field of ancient literary criticism in China. Cao Pi first applied the extended meaning of "Qi" to literary criticism in Dian Lun Wen. In his article, he said: "Literature is dominated by qi, and the turbidity of qi has a body and cannot be born of force." The article mainly shows the author's mental state, and the "qi" of the author's mental state is expressed in the article, that is, the "qi" of the article. Huang commented on Feng Gu: "Qi is the foundation". Qi lies in what the writer says, and in what the writer says. Style is the expression of human nature in works, qi is expressed from the author's spiritual world after works, and qi in works is also the style of works. Therefore, Ji Yun refuted Huang's statement that "Qi is style and has no background". In fact, Huang's "Qi" refers to human nature, and Ji Yun's "Qi" refers to the writer's spirit, that is, "personality", which is borrowed from the field of literary criticism. Shu and Ji Yun are both right. Cao Pi's Essays on Canon also said: "Xu is full of dry gas" and "Kong Rong is full of gas". The word "Qi" in front not only describes Xu Gan's slow-moving character, but also describes the soothing style of Xu Gan's works. The last word "Qi" is remarkable for describing the style of Kong Rong's articles. (See Guo Shaoyu and Wang Wensheng's Selected Notes on China's Literary Theories in Past Dynasties).

After Cao Pi, Liu Xie's Wen Xin Diao Long further explored the "Qi" in literary works. In the article "Body Nature", he said: "The husband's emotions are vivid, and the haircut is literary ... Only in this way can he be handsome and full of energy." This "qi" refers to the writer's spiritual outlook in his works. He also said: "if the husband moves repeatedly, he will learn, and he will be in the middle, which is caused by blood gas;" Qi is based on real ambition, and ambition is fixed. " Liu Xie divides literary works into eight styles, which often appear in different literary works. The success of the work lies in the writer's knowledge, and the writer's talent also plays a great role in it. Talent begins with blood gas (qi), and only when people have qi can talent be exerted. Qi can enrich emotions. Poetry expresses ambition, works express the writer's emotion, and the writer's emotion determines the style of the work. "Qi" here refers to the writer's qi in the process of literary creation. On the basis of knowledge, what kind of spirit, what kind of talent, what kind of emotion can be displayed in the works. Liu Xie also said in the article Style: "Poetry has six meanings, and style is the first. Thinking is the source of love and the symbol of ambition. " The style of the work is the source of educating and infecting readers, which is completely consistent with the writer's perception. The "qi" here refers not only to the spirit of the creative subject, but also to the spirit of the protagonist in the work, which is consistent with the style of the work. "Wen Xin Diao Long" also has a special chapter on "nourishing qi", which advocates that writers should save their energy and maintain a vigorous and abundant mental state for creation. "Qi" here refers to the writer's mood.

After Cao Pi and Liu Xie, literary critics of past dynasties have talked about "Qi". The word "Qi" used by ci theorists in the past dynasties since the Southern Song Dynasty quoted in the last paragraph of this article includes: latent Qi turns inward, loyal and angry Qi, attaching importance to verve, full of lofty sentiments, awe-inspiring loyalty, lofty sentiments and boredom. Professor Zhu Anqun of Jiangxi Normal University summed up the characteristics of Xin Ci in one sentence, saying: "Qi-the lifeline of Xin Ci" (see Shangrao Xinhui Essays 1990). The word "Qi" he said is the "Qi" that "overpowers the world" and "swallows Wan Li like a tiger". It is used in the theory of Ci poetry and specially comments on symphonic ci. It can be said that this is also a high generalization.

Second, the "Qi" of Xin Ci is magnificent, strange and true.

There is indeed a latent spirit in Jia Xuan's ci, which is also recognized by ci theorists in past dynasties. Xu commented on Jia Xuan's "Bodhisattva Man Fishing Drum Platform Xia Qinghe" in "Ancient and Modern Ci Cong": "Loyalty and anger, flick fingers." Chen Tingzhuo's Shao Yunji's Comment on Jia Xuan's "Man Jiang Hong sent Li Zheng Zhi to Shu": "The strength of bones is strong and the charm is heavy." Comment on Jia Xuan's Jade Case Yuan Xi: "The title is beautiful and the wording is good, but its spirit is still flying with great strength and big hands." In Ci Gui, Chen Tingzhuo commented on Jia Xuan's "Partridge Swan Lake returns to illness": "Jia Xuan's chest is so uneven." Liang Lingxian's Collection of Poems in the Art Museum quoted Liang Qichao's comment on Jia Xuan's Touching Fish Can Eliminate Several Storms: "As for this pole, it has never been seen before." Tan Xian's Tang Fu Thorn Volume II Comment on Jia Xuan's Shui Long Yin Deng Jiankang Pleasant Pavilion: "Why doesn't the sound of splitting bamboo turn inward?" Li's Rain Village says: "Xin Jiaxuan's words are fierce and strange. "

This potential qi in Jiaxuan's ci is often called heroism, strangeness and true qi.

The heroism in Jiaxuan's ci originates from the heroism in Jiaxuan's chest. Fan Kai, a disciple of Jia Xuan, said in the preface to Jia Xuan's Selected Poems: "The pride of public life lies in integrity and conceit, and prides itself on achievements. ..... The intention is not to write words, but to fill in and save things, and words cannot be ignored. " Liaoyuan Huang's Selected Poems of Setting a prairie ablaze: Comments on Jia Xuan's Water Dragon Hiding in Du Jiang and Ma Tiannan Coming: "Loyalty is rooted in the heart". Zhao Wen's Preface to Qingshan Collection Wushan Musical Instrument Store said: "Xin You 'an has experienced ups and downs in recent times, and he still has the spirit of a hero in the Central Plains." Hong Xu's Etymological Series quoted Huang Lizhuang as saying: "Jia Xuan ... is full of sadness, generosity, depression and boredom. It's all about words." Chen Tingzhuo's "White Jade Zhai Hua Ci" says: "Xin Jiaxuan, the dragon in the word, is extremely heroic, but his artistic conception is extremely depressed."

The reason why Xin Ci is Xin Ci and Jia Xuan is Jia Xuan is because there is such heroism in Jia Xuan's ci and in Jia Xuan's chest. Without this, it is absolutely impossible to learn from Jia Xuan's ci style. Xie's "Gambling Chess Mountain Villa with Thorns" said in Volume 1: "Jia Xuan is a polar lover." People who study Jiaxuan must first have a sigh of relief and a trick in their chest, otherwise the paper is urgent, but there is nothing inside. "

Among the three spirits, the first is "heroic spirit" and "extremely heroic spirit", that is, heroism. Jia Xuan often uses the word "heroic" to describe the heroism of "adding wings to a tiger". "I feel that the Long Yuan Tower is 100 feet high, and the lake and the sea are full of heroism" ("Selling Wine and Niannujiao"); "Sit in the heroic spirit and watch you drink endlessly" (Niannujiao West Lake and Human Rhyme).

Secondly, Jia Xuan's ambition and career were obstructed by the rulers in the real society, so the heroism in Jia Xuan's chest became "such injustice" and "depression and boredom", and naturally turned inward and stirred his heart in words. This kind of "Qi" grows stronger and stronger with age, and becomes more and more fierce and indomitable as time goes by, lasting for life, which is not available to ordinary literati and martial artists, so it is called strange Qi.

Third, this kind of "qi" is not a woman's nature, nor is it an escape of poets and writers. Jiaxuan only wants to build eternal achievements, not Feng Wanli Hou. Jia Xuan can strategize, win thousands of miles, resist national rejuvenation, govern the world, and finally establish the same achievements as Yi Yin and Duke Zhou, so he calls it the true qi. This is probably the "noble spirit" mentioned in Mencius Gongsun Chou.

Jia Xuan's heroism, strangeness and true qi are not three completely separated qi, but the qi in Jia Xuan's chest and the qi in his words, which are expressed from three different angles. The three are an organic whole, three sides of a kind of qi, which are closely related and inseparable. Jia Xuan has this true spirit in his chest, which not only has the ambition to run the world and lead the profit, but also has the ability to strategize and win thousands of miles. Therefore, Jia Xuan's chest is naturally full of heroism, which can't be stretched in the political environment of the Southern Song Dynasty. It is depressed and sorrowful, but it will never disappear, which is beyond the reach of ordinary literati, so it is called strange spirit by ci theorists. Of the three qi, the true qi is the core. Understanding the essence and origin of Jia Xuanzhen's spirit is the only way to truly understand Jia Xuanzhen's ci, not just whether Jia Xuanzhen's ci is "bold" or "graceful" literally, nor will it be as some people understand: Jia Xuanzhen's ci is "obviously bold, with only seven or eight poems. ..... If you relax a little, it can only be a dozen, not the other end of the total. Most of the rest are graceful and beautiful. There are even many very successful erotic works. "

Third, the expression of "Qi" in Xin Ci

How is the Qi in Jia Xuan's chest expressed in Xin Ci? Fan Kai said: Xin Qiji's "intention is not to write lyrics, but what he fills in and what he keeps, and words cannot be ignored". It seems that Xin Qiji didn't deliberately ask the lyrics to express the qi in his chest. The gas in his words is just a natural expression of the gas in his chest. However, natural expression also has a problem of expression, or expression. Jia Xuan's expression of ci is not ambiguous at all. After repeated deliberation, singers and friends who ask for it will be very decent and quick. There is a very detailed record in Volume III of Historical Records of York: "Jia Xuan is named after one word, and every swallow has to be ordered to be a prostitute and sing what she has done. The word "He Xinlang" is a very good song, reciting its epigram:' I see how charming Qingshan is, but I expect Qingshan to see me like this.' He also said,' I don't hate the ancients, only that they didn't see my crazy ears. At this point, I laughed at myself and the consultant was so impressed. Then he made a book "Yong Yu Le", which is "Preface to the Northern Government Soldiers". The first chapter says,' Heroes never find Sun Zhongmou. He also said,' In ordinary alleys, humans send slaves to live.' The lyricist said:' I can't bear to look back, there is a crow club drum under the Buddhist temple. Who can ask, Lian Po is too old to eat? "Specially set up wine tricks, let prostitutes sing, clap their hands, and keep asking customers, which will definitely make them find fault, but Sun Xie can't. When a guest measures a word or two, it doesn't mean what he wants, but when he answers again, he waves his feathers and sees four things. When I was young, I dared to speak. I occasionally sit at the table, Jia Xuan recites his words, and the consultant is four more. I suddenly said to him,' Let's get rid of the old saying. Every time I see an explanation, it is really a kind of appeal. God should be angry and think it's true. What does the young man know and dare to discuss? However, if you want to use Fan Wenzheng's money to get the word "Yanling Ci Collection", you will be suspected if you go in late. "Jia Xuan happy, anxious to tease Brigitte said. Yu Yue said:' The first chapter is full of lofty sentiments. The first and second parts have their own characteristics, and the aphorisms are the same; The new work is a little useful. "So he was overjoyed and said,' My husband really gave me a drink. It is the taste that has changed the language, and the days are dozens of times, and the months are still unfinished. This is intentional. This passage shows that the exquisite artistic form of Jia Xuan's ci is painstakingly managed by Jia Xuan, and the qi in Jia Xuan's chest is not a naturalistic description, nor is it freely revealed in Jia Xuan's ci. York's words and Fan Kai's preface are complementary: Jia Xuan's words express the qi in Jia Xuan's chest, on the one hand, they are true and natural, and they are not deliberately artificial; On the other hand, it is exquisite and harmonious, and it is skillfully tempered.

The exquisite artistic forms of Jia Xuan's ci are various and multi-level. This passage only discusses how the qi in Jia Xuan's chest is expressed in Jia Xuan's words. From what aspects did Jiaxuan's ci reveal (or express) the qi in Jiaxuan's chest? I will sum up these ways, mainly in six categories:

The first expression, direct expression.

Jia Xuan devoted his lyrics to express heroism few times, but there are also many works that directly express his mentality. In this kind of writing, although he also used metaphors, allusions, praise and admiration for ancient heroes and philosophers, his pride, understanding of life and attitude towards life are often expressed directly without disguise. Before his retirement, Shui Long Hides in a Healthy Tianxin Pavilion is a representative work of this kind of words.

In autumn, the south is empty and desolate, the river flows with the sky, and autumn is even more boundless. Seeing the mountains in the distance will only cause me sadness and resentment at the end of the country. These mountains are like a hairpin and a spiral coil on a woman's head. The sun in the west leans against this floor, and geese are barking in the distant sky. I am wandering in the south of the Yangtze River, homesick for a wanderer. I look at this precious sword, I hold the railing upstairs, and no one understands the mind I am building now. Don't say that the bass is ugly. Zephyr and Jiying haven't come back yet? People like Xu Si who only buy land for themselves should be ashamed to see Liu Bei who is brilliant and complete in these two aspects. Unfortunately, time passes like running water. I'm really worried about the country's ups and downs. As Huan Wen said, the trees have grown so much! Who is the money, in exchange for the red scarf and greensleeves, and the tears of heroes.

Jiaxuan boarded the banquet pavilion on Jiankang Watergate City. The view is high, the water is endless, the sunset is on the roof, and Wu Gou is photographed all over the railing. No one will attend. Jia Xuan's intention to accede to the throne is not hidden in his words, but expressed directly. It has been 12 years since he rebelled and returned to the south. Although he once knew Chuzhou as a provincial official, his position was not low, but the court could not use him in the forefront of the anti-Jin Zionism, nor could he realize his career like Yi Yin and Duke Zhou, so he still felt lonely like a homeless wanderer in the south of the Yangtze River, and no one understood him. He can't go home like Hans Zhang, nor can he ask for fields and homes like Xu Si. Jia Xuan wants to realize his ambition of making contributions, but he can't reuse it. Time goes by day, youth grows old day by day, and heroes cry. Another song, "The Prime Minister touches the fish on the leaves to watch the tide", describes the spectacular surfing of Zhejiang surfers and shows his heroism.

Looking at seagulls and herons flying in the air, drums suddenly sounded. Jiang Jie's team practiced driving away mountains, but tigers were not collected in fierce battles. I'm used to it sooner or later, and Wu Er is not afraid of dragon anger. The storm is calm. Watch the red fork fly, jump straight into the fish and dance in the waves. Who asked, thousands of whales swallow and spit, and human beings play with thousands of crossbows. If you are tired of knowing what happened, White Horse will go to the East. Unfortunately, human beings are, and also belong to the eternal hatred. Fame is self-defeating Teach Tao Zhu slowly, everywhere, and make a misty rain.

From a distance, the tide is like a seagull heron flying in the air, and it is earth-shattering in an instant, like tens of thousands of soldiers practicing armor, which can drive away the mountains. Wudi's teenagers are not afraid of the rough waves, and the flat-footed tidal head still holds the red flag, dancing up and down with the tidal head and stepping on the waves like jumping fish. The heroism in Jiaxuan's chest is vividly displayed. In the second half of this word, the thinking has changed, and Wu Zixu's brave and loyal allusions are used to attack the fatuity of the ruling authorities: "What I hate is that human nature is eternal, resentment is eternal, and fame is deceptive. Teach Tao Zhu slowly, come from all corners of the country and make a misty rain. " Fan Li of Yue accepted Wu Zixu's lesson and retired with Xi Zi. Jia Xuan's mind is not obscure in this word, just using frolic in the waves as a metaphor and using allusions to say today.

After Jia Xuan stopped living with the lake, her heart was not calm. His heroism and resentment are always displayed. For example, "Qingpingle, Living Alone in Boshan Wangshi Temple" wrote a bleak dream, expressing the uncontrollable pride: "I have lived in the north and south of the Yangtze River, and I have returned to China. Cloth in the autumn night dream, Wan Li is in front of you. " . Another example is "Leave the queue to give strong words to Chen Tongfu": "Look at the sword when you are drunk, and blow the horn when you dream. Eight hundred miles to divide the main fire, fifty strings to turn over the Great Wall, and the enemy is on the battlefield in autumn. The horse flies fast on the left, and the bow is like a thunderbolt. " Jia Xuanying was so strong and heroic that he finally expressed his sadness: "It's a pity that after the death of my late king, I forgot all the things in the world and fought for fame." On another occasion, Jia Xuan couldn't sleep after reading Biography of Li Guang at night, so he wrote a poem "Eight Sounds of Ganzhou", which said: "Pat the tiger mountain, ride horizontally, and shake the stone sound. Down and out, sealing Hou, grazing at the end of the year ",it is clearly by Li Guang to write his own situation; He asked, "Korea has made great achievements in expanding its territory. Even at that time, did healthy people have leisure? Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was overjoyed, and Wanli cleared the way, but why did Li Guang, the brave star, be abandoned and not reused? History is so strikingly similar that the rulers of the Southern Song Dynasty wanted to resist the revival of the country, but why was Jia Xuan, a handsome man with both literary talent and talent, left unused and not reused? I didn't understand, so I ended up with a bleak atmosphere: "Outside the screen window, it's drizzling and slightly cold." The cold climate makes my heart colder. On another occasion, my friend Xu Hengzhong gave Jia Xuan a valuable piano. "People scattered, the moon is clear, so I will try to play Youfen. Jia Xuan couldn't bear his bitterness and sadness, so he returned the piano to others: "Why don't you give it to the coquettish hand and keep the poem" The South Wind Relieves the Sorrow "("Partridge ")

Jiaxuan has been reused to know Fuzhou, farther and farther away from the front line of anti-gold, and her sense of struggle is getting stronger and stronger. He boarded the Shuangxi Building in Nanjian (now Nanping, Fujian) and wrote "Shui Long Yin" to express his feelings. Write the situation at the beginning: "Looking up at the northwest cloud, leaning on Wan Li needs a long sword". Nomads from the army occupy half of the country, and it is reasonable to say that he should be needed as a handsome talent. However, due to the constraints of the rulers, he is not allowed to exert his wisdom in resisting national rejuvenation, which has a strong sense of oppression for him: "The gorge binds the Canghe River, crosses the dangerous building and wants to fly back." Therefore, Jiaxuan's mood is an empty and ambitious one, and the boss is sad. "Long Yuan is old, so he might as well lie down and curl up." Rise and fall through the ages, laugh for a hundred years, and swim for a while. "The realm described in the conclusion is:" Who will unload the goods again, sail on the sandy shore and tie the sunset rope ". Sunset, beach, lonely sails, boundless scenery, lonely mood, bleak career prospects.

Jia Xuan went home again and retired to Puquan. Laozi and Zhuangzi's world outlook and outlook on life once occupied his inner world. "There are several books on the case, either Zhuangzi or Laozi, and you won't know until you forget the words"; There is no doubt in the world that "beauty and evil have no truth until now"; All the sadness and resentment were in vain. "After a hundred years of wind and rain, everything is flat and full." Will disturb, pay calmly, and have no worries in this life. New sadness will be abandoned in the second time, and it will be accompanied by the end of spring. "(Park Quan's" Appreciate Emperor En, Read Zhuangzi ","Buji Bad Drink "and" Partridge Day, Climb a Mountain and a Valley ") However, did Jia Xuan completely forget the heroism in his chest? After retirement, he often taught in the countryside, set up bookstores in many places, and taught in Jianfu, a scenic Lingshan. He also wrote "Qi 'an Fu in Qinling Mountain", saying: "The mountain wants east, the mountain wants east ... Look at the three peaks coming from the west. Like Xie Jia's children, dressed well, like family, riding gracefully. During the period, I felt dignified and vigorous, such as the article Tai Shigong. Xindi road, Smoke waves, smoke waves, smoke waves, smoke waves, smoke waves, smoke waves, smoke waves, smoke waves, smoke waves, smoke waves, smoke waves, smoke waves, smoke waves. The vast waves of smoke and waves of smoke and waves of smoke and waves of smoke and waves of smoke and waves of smoke and waves of smoke "Jia Xuan's mind is vast and boundless, his intelligence is like Xie An, like Sima Xiangru, his lofty aspirations and achievements are like the immortal articles of Sima Qian, a high official. This heroism is directly ejected from the text. On one occasion, the guest talked about fame and fortune, which aroused Jia Xuan's heroism. In "Partridge Sky", he wrote a cloud: "If you are strong, ten thousand people will hold the flag. If you ride across the river, you will be prosperous. The night in Yan Bing is full of silver and beards. The arrow flew towards the golden servant. Recalling the past and lamenting myself today, the spring breeze can't dye my white beard black. However, these 10,000 words were erased and exchanged for the owner's tree planting book. " Jia Xuan expressed his deep affection unabashedly.

Jia Xuan knew Zhenjiang in his later years. Although he was old, he still started to prepare for the anti-Jin and national rejuvenation, collected the enemy's situation with heavy money and prepared for the final struggle. In the words, the heroism in the chest is also unabashedly expressed. He went to the Gu Bei Pavilion in Jingkou and wrote "Nanxiangzi": "Where can I see China? Full of scenery, Gu Bei Building. How many things have risen and fallen through the ages, endless, and the Yangtze River is rolling. " He cares about the country, the world and history. He thought of the achievements of Sun Quan's young hero: "I was young and didn't stop fighting in the southeast. Who is the world hero? Cao Liu, give birth to a child like Sun Zhongmou ". Because of Sun Zhongmou's boldness of vision, Sun Wu Group has a good situation in the southeast. Its disappointment is beyond words. He also wrote "Never Satisfied Music", and once again lamented that "heroes are nowhere to be found, and Sun Zhongmou is located". If there was a monarch like Sun Zhongmou in the Southern Song Dynasty, then Xin Qiji wouldn't be "coming at the drop of a hat, lingering away, and there was nowhere to escape between heaven and earth" (Chen Liang's portrait of Xin Qiji praised), but "gold and iron, swallowing Wan Li like a tiger". Jia Xuan envied the "swallowing Wan Li like a tiger" in Liu Yu's ci, but Jia Xuan was also swallowing Wan Li like a tiger. Describing Emperor Wu of Song also fully expressed himself.

The second expression is to praise others and express yourself.

Poets and poets in the Song Dynasty did not advocate writing intentionally for poetry, but what they got from unintentional poetry was a good work. Huang Tingjian's Collected Works of Mr. Huang, Volume 17, Ji of Daya Gallery, said: "The beauty of poetry lies in the unintentional writing. My husband has arrived inadvertently. " When Huang Tingjian said that he had no intention of writing, he meant writing a poem, and he didn't deliberately put trust in it. In the same article, he added: "I think everything has its credibility." If there is a metaphor in the world, Zimei's poems will be entrusted to the ground. " Su Dongpo also talked about the problem of "unintentional" in creation. In Dongpo's inscription, he said, "Books are beautiful without the meaning of Yoga Yu at first.". Su Dongpo's "unintentional Yoga Yu" refers to the accumulation at ordinary times, and then the skill will naturally be good, rather than deliberately pursuing quick success and instant benefit. Fan Kai, a student of Jiaxuan, also accepted this view, and repeatedly talked about the issues of "intention" and "unintentional" in his works. He said: "Guy can't be interested in doing things, and those who are more and more obvious in sound and meaning will also be affected by the depth of their storage." He also said: "The words of the common people Xin Gong, such as Dongpo, have no intention of learning from them. Since it originated from the person who stored it, you can't help it. Although Po Gong wanted to talk about himself and his disciples, he was afraid to write, thinking that he got it from talking and laughing, rather than doing it reluctantly. So is making it public. ..... is never meant to be a component, but it is on the slope, so it is. " Fan Kai is a disciple of Jiaxuan for eight years. He thinks that Jia Xuan never dares to write, which should be a true description of Jia Xuan's creative attitude. Jia Xuan doesn't intend to express himself, but he has a wide range of friends and a lot of entertainment. It is common for friends to send poems and greetings, and it is in these rewards and replies that, as Fan Kai said, although "the intention is not to write words, but to fill in the air, you must not ignore what you say", it naturally reveals (or expresses) the air in Jia Xuan's chest. For example, the first birthday poem in Jia Xuan Ci Ji, Shui Diao Ge Tou Shou Zhao Cao Jie An, belongs to this expression:

Thousands of miles, the name moves the emperor's house. Jin Luan played with grass and put pen to paper that day. Take it from the boundless spring, wait for the mountains and rivers to be old, and teach it to the crows in the temple. ..... the smell.

Daoqing is the imperial capital, and it is necessary to pull the waves of the Milky Way and wash the sand in the northwest. Looking back at Japan, I recognized flying cars in the clouds.

Jia Xuan praised Zhao Yanduan in his poem. Who's Zhao Yanduan? Although he is the eighth grandson of the emperor, he is also quite literate. However, he has no greater achievements in political achievements and no greater ambitions. The highest official knows Jianning House, but Jia Xuan expects him to praise him, give him a birthday, and give him a birthday. This is actually Jia Xuan's irrepressible heroism, which rushed out and was fully expressed in his words. In other words, Jia Xuan fully vented himself by giving Zhao Yanduan a birthday. It can be seen from this word that what Jia Xuan admires and yearns for most is to be an outstanding royal minister: Wen can govern the country, and "Jin Luan plays the grass and puts pen to paper on that day"; Wuneng leveled the world, "holding the waves of the Milky Way and washing the sand in the northwest." Heroism is beyond words.

There are many words of this expression, such as "Jinling is punctual and handsome in the autumn", "Magnolia is slowing Chuzhou to send Fan Biao", "Water turns around in a corner of the ancient city at sunset", "Xianren Song Shouye is the prime minister", "Being listed as Fan Nanbo" and "Man Jianghong He Xuanzi is ping Hunan Kou". Try to extract some famous sentences and see: "Where is the tiger sitting on the dragon plate?" Only when ups and downs are everywhere, "relax and rectify Gankun" is a good shirt signing, and the Jade Palace thinks of sages. I want to be honest in the middle of the night and stay in the grass, but send one side. There are thousands of poems and books, and I must go to Gu Yizhou. See The Story of Father and Son Diexin, Welcome to Yujing; "Eternal romantic today here, Wan Li fame don't put Hugh, three hundred states king. Swallows know a swan and throw their silk away for a ride "; Drum back, raised his whip and asked: where is Zhuge? Humans are, in a hurry, crossing Lugu River in May. White feathers are noisy, and Qingxi Road is crying "; Hanzhong Hanye, is this the right place? I want the sword to refer to Sanqin, the king is proud, and World War I will return to the East "; A book is an emperor's teacher, trying to explore the west "to break the enemy's golden city and thunder, and to talk about the ice and cheeks"; Sunset dust, Hu riding hunting clear autumn. Han jiaqun practiced 100 thousand, and the boat was in the building. ""See you remonstrate, talk and laugh, and be loyal to the liver and righteousness through the ages. Wan Li is misty and rainy, and the past is not surprising to guess "... after reading these famous sentences, how can I not feel the ambition of Duke Yi Yin and the momentum of swallowing Wan Li in Jiaxuan's chest? Give another article "Shui Long Yin Chen Jiashou Han Nan Jian Shang Shu":

How many people really know how to cross the river and come from the south? Chang 'an elders, the scenery of the new pavilion, are as poor as ever. People of Yi Fu, China has sunk to the bottom of the sea. How many times have you turned around? Calculate Wan Li's reputation, this is the real Confucian thing. Do you know that?/You know what? ..... When he was reorganized in 2008, he would do something about Kun and celebrate his birthday.

Literally, "how many people really know how to cross the river to the south?" It should be a compliment to Han Yuanji. Han Yuanji really deserves this compliment. However, Jiaxuan did not put himself out of the real manager. Jia Xuan felt that Cao Cao and Liu Bei were great heroes of cooking wine. Since Nandu, it goes without saying that the only real economic players in the world are Nanjian and Jiaxuaner. Then he said, "Wan Li's reputation is really Confucian. Do you know? " Shang Kun ended up with this question, which is of great significance. If Han Yuanji doesn't know this, he will be a real manager. If Han Yuanji can know this, why ask? The spear between this tone