Keywords: imitation; Self-built; writing ability
Self-writing ability refers to the ability of students to select, refine, process and transform their accumulated knowledge. Why should students construct their own writing ability? As far as the current writing teaching is concerned, students' writing is mostly in a passive state, and most students' compositions are taught by teachers. The basic practice of composition class only stays in the support of a few model essays, the comments of several students' works and the practice of several fragments. Students are used to this kind of writing training routine, and nothing makes them move. Moreover, teachers lack overall arrangement in writing teaching, which is arbitrary. There is a lack of overall planning and planning between semesters, just taking it for granted. Composition training is very casual from the topic to the content, and you can write whatever you want, lacking gradient and logic. In this way, although students have written some compositions, their writing level has not improved. Because in writing, we only see the students' own actions, not their hearts. To be "excited", it is necessary to enter the "writing depth" that students need.
One of the effective ways to enter "writing depth" is to pay attention to the construction of students' own writing ability. Among them, imitation is a good way. Imitation is the innate instinct of human beings. The inheritance of human beings in literature, art and many other aspects is inseparable from imitation, and so is writing. We have heard the saying more than once that we can recite 300 Tang poems even if we can't write them. This sentence reveals the constructive relationship between imitation and writing ability. In writing, the process of imitation is a process of self-transformation and self-generation on a certain basis. In the process of forming "self-ability", students' "heart" will move. This kind of writing motivation and writing emotion flowing from the deep heart will be true and natural.
The literal imitation mentioned here is not a complete copy, but an inspiration gained after "reading and experiencing". This revelation not only has the internal influence of writing emotion, skill and aesthetics, but also has the external influence of writing language and structure.
First, enrich four kinds of conventional writing contents in imitation.
(A) the imitation of the topic
The topic is the "first side" of communication with readers. First impression, readers are willing to see the specific content. Therefore, how to draw up a title for a good article and how to grasp the reader's title are what we should imitate. We often come into contact with narratives, and novel topics will make our eyes shine. For example, my mother wrote a lot of essays, and some topics were directly "My mother", which seemed simple and straightforward. In her mother's article, Jason put forward the title: "The person who loves me the most in the world has gone". As soon as the topic comes out, a deep emotion makes readers want to stop. People really want to know who this person is and why the author has such feelings for her. This quasi-topic firmly grasps the reader's heart, and this quasi-topic with some suspense is still worth imitating. The style of expository writing is rather boring, but some authors can draw the topic picturesque, which is also worth learning. For example, for the introduction of litchi, Jia Zuzhang's proposed title is "Litchi Dan in South China in June". This topic has a strong literary color, which makes litchi, a fruit with internal beauty and external beauty, more delicious.
(B) Language imitation
It is relatively difficult to master a language, especially to form a certain language style. Nowadays, many students have a weak sense of language, many language diseases and serious colloquialism in writing. At this time, imitating some writers' articles will get some help. Starting from students' reality, imitating words and sentence patterns can achieve certain results.
Words and sentence patterns are inseparable. Sentences carry words, and words form sentences, so it is more appropriate to imitate them as a whole. There are many sentences with inaccurate or pale words in the composition, and imitating famous sentences can achieve certain results. For example, in the description of scenery, some students just list the scenery and lack aesthetic feeling. We can imitate the sentence pattern of "needless to say" ... needless to say ... just ... "From" Herb Garden "to" San Tan Yin Yue ",we can get some results.
(3) Imitation of material selection
We can learn from other people's works to imitate what kind of material we choose for an article and how to combine these materials. There are many materials to choose from when writing a composition. But not all materials can be written into the composition, which requires us to choose materials. Two points should be paid attention to when selecting materials: first, the materials should serve the center and avoid deviating from the theme; First, the materials should be unique and avoid popularization. Before we write another article, consider the materials we want to choose. Then look at some works similar to your own articles and compare the differences between the materials selected in mature works and the materials you choose. After a long period of comparison, training and imitation, we will realize that we can never choose materials to imitate, and finally we can grasp them freely. For example, most of them are topic compositions now. In the composition with the theme of green, many students choose the green in nature, which brings people a visual feeling. This material selection is relatively simple. With the help of Zhu Ziqing's articles such as Spring and Green, let students imitate the profound meaning and choose materials such as environmental protection, peace and hope that meet their writing intentions to deepen the theme, so that "green" will be full and rich.
(D) the imitation of the structure
Structure is the framework that supports the article, that is, the layout of the article. There are two phenomena in structural imitation. First, the contact writing time is relatively short, and it is necessary to imitate examples to choose what kind of structure to combine materials. Second, there are too many compositions, and various genres of writing have formed certain ideas. No matter how you write it, there is no novelty, you can't break through the existing framework, and you need to learn from other people's articles. In both cases, it is necessary to establish a framework for your own article under the condition of imitation, or to get the existing layout out of the old and closed state. This is also like the decoration of a house. Learn from other people's finished products and give yourself some inspiration. In argumentative writing, students' grasp of the structure of the article is not ideal. Taking Tan as the imitation object, I found the breakthrough point of writing argumentative essays. Talking about bones is concise and rigorous in structure, natural and smooth. Firstly, the viewpoint of "China people have backbone" was put forward, and then the meaning of "backbone" was expounded theoretically. First of all, it is explained by three sentences of Mencius that have been circulated for thousands of years. Finally, it discusses the proletariat's understanding of the word "backbone" today. Then discuss the "backbone" with concrete examples. Imitating this article, students' writing follows the overall and local total score structure, and the argumentative composition is much simpler.
Of course, the content of imitation is not only these, but also intentional imitation, writing imitation, topic imitation and so on. When you don't know how to write, open other people's articles and have a look. You will be inspired and open your mind.
Second, the construction of three writing qualities in imitation
(A) the construction of writing consciousness
Writing consciousness is the writing psychology formed by students' understanding of writing. This kind of psychology often gives emotion, which is expressed through words. Because whether bored or happy, we always want to record it, which forms writing, and gradually forms writing consciousness in a subtle way. Writing consciousness is an impulse, a habit and a way of life. Writing consciousness includes self-writing consciousness and reader's writing consciousness. The construction of self-writing consciousness lies in the positive attitude towards writing. A positive writing attitude is to regard writing as a pleasure, constantly enrich yourself in writing and form your own interest in writing. What flows between the lines is the experience and memory in your heart. Reader's consciousness means that the author should have the object of communication in mind and think for the reader. This is something that many students do not pay attention to or attach importance to in their compositions. The readers of students' compositions are teachers and classmates, so it doesn't matter how you evaluate them. This attitude is not desirable, because writing is another form of communication, and communication needs to understand each other's feelings and opinions, which requires the writer to form a "reader consciousness."
(B) the construction of basic writing skills
The basic skills of writing mainly include stylistic mastery, topic selection, theme establishment, hierarchical arrangement, structural strategy, material application, and the ability to plan a topic, beginning, transition and ending. These basic skills are embodied in writing as a whole. Attention should be paid to imitation, that is, to grasp the "soft spot" of your writing skills and then carry out targeted training. Pay attention to the relationship between points and combinations in training. Imitation training can be improved step by step. Step by step refers to the harmony and unity of the part and the whole. That is, in the local area, taking "weakness" as the starting point, that is, which skill is weak, targeted intensive training will be carried out; On the whole, it is supported by "strength". It is to give full play to the advantages of a certain skill, support the whole article, and read it "interesting".
(C) the construction of personalized writing language
Personalized language is to let students enter the expression stage from the expression level, and then enter the literary language level. Because writing is inseparable from personalized writing language, literary language is a relatively mature personalized language. Nowadays, students' compositions are mostly expressed orally, not that oral expression is not good. If writing a novel, oral expression can reflect regional characteristics, career orientation and so on. However, students' compositions are mainly narrative, prose and argumentative, so it is very important to master the composition language. The writing language is beautiful, sharp or philosophical, all of which show the language style. The formation of such a language needs some accumulation, and then forms its own language characteristics. If you like beautiful language, you can read more of Zhu Ziqing's works. There is an aura between the moonlight lines of the lotus pond and the green color. I like sharp language, and I can read some works by Lu Xun, such as Fetishism and In Memory of Liu Hezhen. Words are like a sword, which makes people unstoppable. It is difficult to form a personalized writing language, but as long as we persist for a long time, we will form a personalized writing language on the basis of learning from other people's "language" and combining our own "language" characteristics.
Building self-writing ability on the basis of imitation not only objectively and effectively stimulates writing desire, but also enables students to draw writing nutrients from comparison and reference, which is an ideal way to improve their language and thinking quality in a short time. But writing will eventually return to the road of innovation and originality. Imitation is only a basic training for beginners, but this process is essential.
[Reference].
[1] Zhao qianxiang. Examples of green composition [M]. Beijing: China Foreign Translation Publishing Company, 2005.
[2] Yu Yingchao. Yu Yingchao speaks Chinese. Beijing: Language Publishing House, 20 10.
(Editor: Li Xuehong)