China was a great historian, writer and thinker in the Western Han Dynasty. Sima Tan's son, Ren Taishiling, was imprisoned for defending Li Ling's defeat and surrender, and later served as the secretariat.
He worked hard to complete the historical records he wrote, and was called Shi Qian, Tai Shigong and the father of history by the later Buddha. Sima Qian studied under Kong Anguo and Dong Zhongshu in his early years, roaming around, learning about customs and collecting rumors.
As a first-time doctor, he served in the southwest. In the third year of Yuanfeng (108), he was appointed as the Taishiling, inherited his father's business and wrote history.
He created China's first biography and general history book (formerly known as Taishi Gongshu) with the historical knowledge of "studying the relationship between man and nature, understanding the changes from ancient times to modern times, and making a family statement". It is recognized as a model of China's history books, which records more than 3,000 years' history from the legendary period of the Yellow Emperor to the first year of the founding of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. It is the first of the "twenty-five histories" and is praised by Lu Xun as "a historian's swan song, and Li Sao has no rhyme".
2. Writing a composition on the topic of Sima Qian's Taishigong met Qu Yuan, saying that after Qu Yuan resolutely picked up a big stone and threw himself into the river, he happened to open a just visit in the struggle, crossed to the Western Han Dynasty hundreds of years later, and happened to fall into the room where Sima Qian practiced at home after being imprisoned for several months. Sima Qian was grinding ink and writing at this time. Hearing the noise, he stopped and looked at the embarrassed uninvited guest coldly. He saw his hair hanging freely and his shirt was all wet. At this time, Qu Yuan also looked up at him. After a while, he got up from the ground again, dusted himself off, stood there with dignity and asked, "What is this place?"
Sima Qian withdrew his eyes and continued to write, ignoring Qu Yuan. "Who are you, so disrespectful to the old lady?" Qu Yuan walked a few steps closer, a little angry. He is several years older than that boy anyway. That man is so rude. Sima Qian finally put down his pen, came over, looked at Qu Yuan, went to the teahouse and said, "Please sit down." Qu Yuan paused and glanced at Sima Qian. His eyes were cold and his brow was firm, but his face was haggard and bloodless.
"Who is it, sir?" Sima Qian poured Qu Yuan a cup of tea, but his tone remained indifferent. "Old Qu Yuan." Qu Yuan didn't drink tea, but just sighed lightly. "Qu Yuan? Is Chu a patriotic and loyal minister, Dr. Qu Yuan? " Sima Qian was taken aback. Qu Yuan nodded, Sima Qian frowned, stretched himself again, and said, "Everyone in the world praises your poems and fears your integrity, but the younger generation dare not compliment them. Please forgive my rudeness. I don't think what you did was done by a gentleman. " Qu Yuan asked doubtfully, "What is a gentleman?" Sima Qian stepped forward: "A gentleman does not give up on himself because of setbacks, does not give up to fate, bears the burden of humiliation, and cares for the world."
Qu Yuan touched his beard and stood up, too. "No, no .. the whole world is cloudy, and everyone is drunk. Do you want me to be polluted by this world and let my white body suffer from the dust of this world? " "Ahem. . . . . "Sima Qian coughed a few times and sat down wearily, but his bloodshot eyes were unusually firm. "A gentleman is resilient, just like a gentleman who has just lost his country's monarch. Why should he die? God won't close one door, but he will open another. Isn't it more meaningful to survive castration like me and continue to write the chapter of life? " Qu Yuan was a little surprised and looked at him again. His body is really bad, his face is dark and his eyes are bloodshot, so he sighed: "You are persistent! However, this floating dust still can't hold you and me, so it is better to be freed by death. Presumably, the emperor didn't reuse you, so he tortured you like this. " Sima Qian clenched his hands: "No one can control me, nor can the emperor. He wants me to hang myself for humiliation. I won't do that. I will live well, complete the historical records, and give a confession to future generations. " Qu Yuan said for a long time: "Forget it, you don't understand me. God, I'd rather turn into a wisp of white smoke and disappear into the clouds. " Sima Qian smiled a few times and said, "If a person gives up on himself, is he still a great man?"
Outside the window, several birds flapped their wings in horror and flew to the vast sky.
3. About Sima Qian's composition materials Sima Qian (BC 145-90) was born in xia yang (now south of Hancheng, Shaanxi), and was once called Longmen (now Hejin, Shanxi). China was a great historian, writer and thinker in the Western Han Dynasty. Sima Tan's son, Ren Taishiling, was imprisoned for defending Li Ling's defeat and surrender, and later served as the secretariat. He worked hard to complete the historical records he wrote, and was called Shi Qian, Tai Shigong and the father of history by the later Buddha.
Sima Qian studied under Kong Anguo and Dong Zhongshu in his early years, roaming around, learning about customs and collecting rumors. As a first-time doctor, he served in the southwest. In the third year of Yuanfeng (108), he was appointed as the Taishiling, inherited his father's business and wrote history. He created China's first biography and general history book (formerly known as Taishi Gongshu) with the historical knowledge of "studying the relationship between man and nature, understanding the changes from ancient times to modern times, and making a family statement". It is recognized as a model of China's history books, which records more than 3,000 years' history from the legendary period of the Yellow Emperor to the first year of the founding of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. It is the first of the "twenty-five histories" and is praised by Lu Xun as "a historian's swan song, and Li Sao has no rhyme".
4. About Sima Qian's life story, the argumentative material Sima Qian (former 145 or former 135~? Xia yang (southwest of Hancheng, Shaanxi Province), a historian and writer of the Western Han Dynasty, lived in the fifth year of Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty (BC 145) and the sixth year of Emperor Jian Yuan of the Han Dynasty (BC 135). Sima Qian began to study the biographies of ancient documents in BC 10. At the age of 20, he roamed south from Chang 'an, the capital of China, and traveled all over the Jianghuai Valley and the Central Plains, traveling local customs and collecting legends. He soon became a doctor, a bodyguard and attache of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and traveled to Bashu with him many times. Three years ago (108), Sima Qian's stepfather Sima Tan. Therefore, I have to read books collected by historians. In the first year of Tai Chu (before 104), he ordered taichu calendar with Tang Dou and Luoxiahong. * * Instead of the Zhuan Xu calendar inherited by Qin, the new calendar adapted to the needs of the society at that time. From then on, Sima Qian began to write historical records. Later, he was convicted and imprisoned for defending Li Ling who surrendered to Xiongnu. Finally, I finished the writing of Historical Records. I call it Taishi Gongshu. It is China's first biographical general history, which has a far-reaching influence on later historiography. Historical Records has vivid language and vivid image, and is also an excellent literary work. Sima Qian also wrote a book describing his imprisonment and his ambition to write a book, which was praised by all previous dynasties. Famous saying: everyone will die.
5. About Sima Qian's deeds Sima Qian (former 145 or former 135~? Historians and writers of the Western Han Dynasty.
Zichang, Zuo Fengyi, was born in xia yang (now southwest of Hancheng, Shaanxi). Born in the fifth year of Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty (BC 145), it is said that he was born in the sixth year of Emperor Jian Yuan of the Han Dynasty (BC 135), and the date of his death cannot be verified.
Sima Qian 10 years old began to study ancient literature biographies. During Yuan Guang and Yuan Shuo of Han Dynasty, he studied under the modern writer Dong Zhongshu's "The Spring and Autumn Annals of the Ram" and the ancient prose writer Kong Anguo.
At the age of 20, he roamed south from Chang 'an, the capital, and traveled all over the Jianghuai Valley and the Central Plains, where he visited local customs and collected legends. Soon, he became a doctor, bodyguard and retinue of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and accompanied him to the Western Seas many times, and sent envoys to Bashu.
In the third year of Yuanfeng (BC 108), Sima Tan, the stepfather of Sima Qian, was the official of Taishi, in charge of astronomical calendar and royal atlas, so it depends on the books collected by historians. In the first year of Taichu (before 104), he, Luo and others customized calendars to replace the Zhuan Xu calendar inherited by Qin, and the new calendar adapted to the needs of the society at that time.
From then on, Sima Qian began to write historical records. Later, he was convicted, imprisoned and rotted for defending Li Ling who surrendered to Xiongnu.
After he was released from prison, he worked as a secretary, continued to write angrily, and finally finished the writing of Historical Records. People call his book Taishi Gongshu.
It is the first biography of China, which has a far-reaching influence on later historiography. Historical Records is an excellent literary work with vivid language and vivid image. Sima Qian also wrote a book, Bao Ren 'an, describing his imprisonment and his ambition to write a book, which was praised by all previous dynasties.
Famous saying: people are inherently mortal, either heavier than Mount Tai or lighter than a feather. Sima Qian (BC 145-90) was a great historian and writer in the Western Han Dynasty in China. His Historical Records is China's first biographical general history, and it is called "The Historian's swan song, Li Sao has no rhyme".
"(Republic of China, Lu Xun). In the second year of Tianhan (the first 99 years), Li Ling went to the Xiongnu and was defeated and captured. Sima Qian said a few words of explanation for Li Ling, which angered Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and threw him into prison. The following year, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty killed Li Ling's family and sentenced Sima Qian to castration.
Castration is a great shame and pollutes ancestors, so meet friends and relatives. Sima Qian was in prison, and he was * * *. "Holding hands, shackled, exposed, on the list, living in seclusion in the wall. At this time, when you see the jailer, you will grab the land first, and you will be anxious when you see the apprentice. "
"(Sima Qian's Bao Ren An Shu) almost ruined his life. He wanted to die, but he thought of his long-cherished wish of collecting information and writing a history book for many years. Therefore, in order to complete the writing of Historical Records, he put up with humiliation and drag out an ignoble existence, hoping for a chance.
In the first year of Taishi (96 BC), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty changed to the Yuan Dynasty and granted amnesty to the world. Sima Qian was 50 years old at this time. After he got out of prison, he became a secretary. In the eyes of others, he may be "pampered", but he still devotes himself to writing his book.
Until the book was completed in Zheng He's second year (9 1 year ago), * * * got 130 articles, with more than 520,000 words. See Resources for more details:
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6. Story about Sima Qian (composition) Ma Qian was a historian who was in charge of ephemeris, recorded, collected and preserved ancient books and documents during the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.
Historians have no right, no power, no fame and no profit. But it was Sima Qian who wrote a magnificent masterpiece "Historical Records" in the cultural history of China. This history book has influenced the cultural and social life of China and continues to influence people today. Roman? Roland once said: "Life is like a plow. On the one hand, cut your heart, on the other hand, tap new sources. I want to be strong, just like a pearl shell, reshape my wound and hone a bright pearl in the wound to shine and shine my life! " Sima Qian is a portrayal of perseverance. Sima Qian was put into prison for offending Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. The case fell into the hands of Du Zhou, a notorious brutal official at that time. Du Zhou tortured Sima Qian, and Sima Qian endured all kinds of cruel physical and mental torture. In the face of terrible and cruel officials, he never pleaded guilty; In the face of intimidation, he is not afraid at all; Never give in to bad luck. What made Sima Qian bear the humiliation and bravely fight against fate? Yes, it is perseverance. It is with this belief that he left behind that "people are inherently mortal, either heavier than Mount Tai or lighter than a feather." Such rhetoric has made such a masterpiece as Historical Records, and it has also created the glory that will last forever.
Sima Qian used his own personal experience to enlighten people: a tenacious person can overcome all seemingly arduous difficulties, and perseverance is more important than anything else!
7. Sima Qian's composition materials 15. Sima Qian (before 145 or before 135 before 87? ), a historian and writer of the Western Han Dynasty.
Zichang, Zuo Fengyi, was born in xia yang (now southwest of Hancheng, Shaanxi). In the first year of Tai Chu (before I04), Sima Qian began to write historical records and later defended Li Ling. He was sentenced to prison and punished for corruption.
After he was released from prison, he served as a secretariat official, continued to write books with indignation, and finally completed the writing of Historical Records. He called his book Taishi Gongshu (1) Sima Qian, who was born in a historian's family in his youth. Since the Zhou Dynasty, his ancestors have been officials of the royal family, in charge of literature and history. After his father Sima Tan succeeded to the throne, he served as Taishilingda for 30 years.
Sima Qian 10 years old began to read "ancient prose" and received his father's enlightenment education. His long-term family research had a far-reaching impact on his later academic career.
Later, he went to Chang 'an with his father, and studied the History of Ancient Literature and the Spring and Autumn Annals under the famous Confucian classics masters Kong Antong and Dong Zhongshu at that time. 19 years old is a doctor's child.
Traveling around the world began his travel life at the age of 20. His footprints reached Huiji, and he visited the ruins of Yu Xia: he visited Gusu and overlooked the five lakes where Fan Li blinked his boat; He went to Huaiyin and visited Han Xin's story: he visited abundance and visited the hometown of Liu Bang and Xiao He; He visited Daliang and Yimen, and inspected the situation of water diversion and girder filling in Qin Jun. He visited the State of Chu and visited the ruins of Shen Jun's palace. He visited the snow bank and inspected the feudal city of Meng Changjun. He visited Zou Lu.
In addition, he also crossed Zhuolu in the north, climbed the Great Wall, traveled to Yuanxiang in the south and reached Kongtong in the west. Intense travel broadened his horizons and increased his knowledge.
When Sima Qian's father died, he took his son by the hand and said to him with tears: "... after I die, you must continue to be a teacher." Don't forget my wish to write a general history in my life. You must inherit my career, don't forget! " This earnest entrustment greatly shocked Sima Qian. He saw his father's rare sense of mission and responsibility as a historian, and he also knew that his father had pinned his unfinished business on Bai Ji.
In the first year of compiling the calendar (BC 104), Sima Qian, Hu Ai, Li Guan, Luo and astronomers reformed the calendar. With the joint efforts of these experts, after repeated calculations and choices, a new calendar was finally worked out in May this year. This is the famous "taichu calendar", which bravely said that in the second year of Tianhan (the first 99 years), Li Ling was besieged when she went to Xiongnu and surrendered to Xiongnu when she ran out of food.
Emperor Wu was furious, and the officials of the civil and military also cursed Li Ling for his shameful surrender. Sima Qian argued: "Li Ling fought thousands of miles, but he was at the end of his tether, and so were ancient famous soldiers.
Although he surrendered, he was excusable. I thought that as long as he didn't die, he would still be loyal to the Han Dynasty.
Liang Wudi listened to Sima Qian, thinking that Sima Qian wanted to exonerate Li Ling, so he put him in prison and convicted him of corruption. The unfortunate experience of humiliation, especially corruption, greatly damaged Sima Qian's spirit and once wanted to commit suicide.
But he remembered his father's last words, was encouraged by Confucius, Qu Yuan, Zuo Qiuming, Sun Tzu and Han Fei in adversity, and finally survived with amazing will. After six years' imprisonment, I finally finished the great work Historical Records-Historical Records System Historical Records, and created a "biographical style".
What is biographical style? Ji refers to this Ji, that is, the biography of the emperor: Biography refers to the biographies of general ministers and various figures. The five-body structure of biographies in Historical Records, namely, biographies, biographies and biographies, creatively explores the methods of historical compilation with characters as the main body.
Sima Qian creatively integrated these five genres to form a complete and unified system. Historical Records, a comprehensive compilation method of history, has created a comprehensive compilation method of political, economic, ethnic and cultural knowledge.
For the first time, Historical Records included all aspects of politics, economy and culture into the scope of historical research, thus opening up a new field of historical research and promoting the development of China's history. (2) Comments by famous artists (Song Dynasty) Su Zhe: He traveled all over the world, visited famous mountains and rivers, and made friends with Yan and Zhao, so his writing was sparse and quite strange.
(Ming) Mao Kun: Confusion, like the Grand Canyon, is inexhaustible and contains hundreds of essays including Sima Zichang of ten thousand generations. Bai Shouyi: If there is anything wrong with Sima Qian, it is that he is very rough.
However, his universality embodies the vitality of that era and the vigorous development of feudal society in that era of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty. Lu Xun: (Sima Qian) wrote a book with anger and ambition? ... I hate being a jester. I am ashamed of my life experience. I will pass on strange people to the future. Although I recite the meaning of Spring and Autumn Annals, it is a masterpiece of historians and a blank poem Li Sao.
But not limited to history and law, not limited to words, not limited to feelings, not limited to heartfelt writing. Guo Moruo: There is a magic show in Longmen and a dragon in Liu Zhong.
Unprecedented academic training and outstanding articles. Compassion is like an axe, and the breath is more than neon.
If you pursue your father's achievements, you will become a great historian. Li Zehou: Sima Qian inherited and carried forward Qu Yuan's aesthetic thought, broke through the Confucian tradition of "complaining without anger" and expressed strong resistance, criticism and heroism from the people (mainly the lower-class city Bai developed in the Western Han Dynasty) against ancient romanticism.
(3) Material application topic 1: When encountering setbacks, amplify the pain. Material handling: Wandering alone on a cold night, are you suffering from setbacks? Wandering in the street where the night is still bright, are you amplifying the pain for the unsatisfactory life? In fact, we often encounter setbacks and pains in life, but only by adjusting our mentality and facing setbacks and pains in the right way can we live happily. Sima Qian, who suffered from corruption, was looked down upon by the world. Facing the dead clan, he died. His frustration is enough to amplify his inner pain and melancholy, but his calm mind and strong will have turned him from a humble temple minister to a China historian who wrote history for the people, and historical records will always show future generations.
(Excerpted from the excellent composition "A misty rain in a lifetime" in Heilongjiang College Entrance Examination in 2004) Topic 2: Handling of turning materials: The scenery with turning points is beautiful. Just like the mighty Yellow River, the mysterious winding of dense forests and the fantastic twists and turns of mountain peaks are all created by turning points.
What's more, the surprise and epiphany brought by Boundless, Another Village on Liu 'an is also different.
8. Writing an essay on Sima Qian's Taishigong, I ran into Qu Yuan, saying that Qu Yuan resolutely picked up a big stone and threw himself into the river. After struggling, he happened to open the newly visited one, and after crossing the Western Han Dynasty hundreds of years later, he happened to fall into Sima Qian's room, which he practiced at home after being imprisoned for several months. Sima Qian was grinding ink and writing at this time. Hearing the noise, he stopped and looked at the embarrassed uninvited guest coldly. He saw his hair hanging freely and his shirt was all wet. At this time, Qu Yuan also looked up at him. After a while, he got up from the ground again, dusted himself off, stood there with dignity and asked, "What is this place?"
Sima Qian withdrew his eyes and continued to write, ignoring Qu Yuan. "Who are you, so disrespectful to the old lady?" Qu Yuan walked a few steps closer, a little angry. He is several years older than that boy anyway. That man is so rude. Sima Qian finally put down his pen, came over, looked at Qu Yuan, went to the teahouse and said, "Please sit down." Qu Yuan paused and glanced at Sima Qian. His eyes were cold and his brow was firm, but his face was haggard and bloodless.
"Who is it, sir?" Sima Qian poured Qu Yuan a cup of tea, but his tone remained indifferent. "Old Qu Yuan." Qu Yuan didn't drink tea, but just sighed lightly. "Qu Yuan? Is Chu a patriotic and loyal minister, Dr. Qu Yuan? " Sima Qian was taken aback. Qu Yuan nodded, Sima Qian frowned, stretched himself again, and said, "Everyone in the world praises your poems and fears your integrity, but the younger generation dare not compliment them. Please forgive my rudeness. I don't think what you did was done by a gentleman. " Qu Yuan asked doubtfully, "What is a gentleman?" Sima Qian stepped forward: "A gentleman does not give up on himself because of setbacks, does not give up to fate, bears the burden of humiliation, and cares for the world."
Qu Yuan touched his beard and stood up, too. "No, no .. the whole world is cloudy, and everyone is drunk. Do you want me to be polluted by this world and let my white body suffer from the dust of this world? " "Ahem. . . . . "Sima Qian coughed a few times and sat down wearily, but his bloodshot eyes were unusually firm. "A gentleman is resilient, just like a gentleman who has just lost his country's monarch. Why should he die? God won't close one door, but he will open another. Isn't it more meaningful to survive castration like me and continue to write the chapter of life? " Qu Yuan was a little surprised and looked at him again. His body is really bad, his face is dark and his eyes are bloodshot, so he sighed: "You are persistent! However, this floating dust still can't hold you and me, so it is better to be freed by death. Presumably, the emperor didn't reuse you, so he tortured you like this. " Sima Qian clenched his hands: "No one can control me, nor can the emperor. He wants me to hang myself for humiliation. I won't do that. I will live well, complete the historical records, and give a confession to future generations. " Qu Yuan said for a long time: "Forget it, you don't understand me. God, I'd rather turn into a wisp of white smoke and disappear into the clouds. " Sima Qian smiled a few times and said, "If a person gives up on himself, is he still a great man?"
Outside the window, several birds flapped their wings in horror and flew to the vast sky.
9. The 800-word history of Sima Qian's composition began that night (
It was already late at night, and Sima Qian looked at the dark night through the small window of the prison. In the blue sky, there are no stars and no moon, and a few dark clouds are low and calm, with suffocating pressure. The late autumn wind wrapped in cold air penetrated into every corner, including Sima Qian's shabby gown.
Sima Qian dragged his fetters and walked back to a few brick beds. In the dead of night, the collision of metal sounds like a ghost. The yellow oil lamp on the bed jumped with the flame, dragging a long shaking shadow, which seemed to aggravate the darkness. However, a hanging official document paper is still clearly visible, and everything is so clear, with golden words and scarlet seals.
Yes, this is the fate of Sima Qian. Before sunrise, he must make a choice. Accuse the bad king of ruthlessness with a cavity of blood, and prove his innocence with a noble head. Is this death? Still alive-conditionally, of course, and he will be an incomplete person from now on.
Sima Qian couldn't restrain the resentment in his heart, and the scene of the imperial court yesterday was vivid. When Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty roared hysterically, when the Qing Dynasty was both civil and military, and when Li Ling was suddenly recognized as a traitor from a hero, Sima Qian felt something pressing on his chest.
Maybe it's the duty of recording history to let him know that history must be true. So he stood up, and later things proved that the impulse at that time was fatal. No one can understand that Sima Qian didn't get along well with Li Ling and was angry with strangers.
He suddenly thought of death and Quyuan's throwing himself into the river. I thought of the remains of Gu's sons in shouyangshan: he wanted to abandon this world, this dark and dirty world. Never live in humiliation. To be an incomplete person is to die, but to be a gentleman.
But suddenly, Sima Qian calmed down in anger and excitement. The sad eyes when his father died suddenly calmed him down. He clearly remembers that his father pointed to the book on the case and choked, then looked at him. He understood the weight and responsibility of that glance. Yes, he will never forget that they don't have their own history books, which belong to the big fellow.
Sima Qian sat down by the bed, closed his eyes and was silent for a long time. His chest fluctuated violently, and his fingers kept shaking ... At dawn, a voice came from outside the prison: "Sima Qian, have you thought about it?"
"Let me see, I choose corruption." Two drops of clear tears rolled down his cheeks, and Sima Qian cried silently.
Thousands of years later, a poet said, "The real courage is not to die heroically for what, but to live humbly for what." Then a whimper of autumn wind blew up the yellow pages of historical records.