It can be said that the 20th century has spanned three "electric" eras, namely, the electric era and the electronic era, and now it has entered the computer era. However, such a computer usually refers to a personal computer, or PC for short. It consists of a host, a keyboard, a monitor, etc ... Another kind of computer, most people don't know how to use it. This kind of computer is a microcontroller (also called microcontroller) that gives intelligence to various machines. As the name implies, this computer system can be operated and controlled simply with the smallest integrated circuit. Because of its small size, it is usually hidden in the charged mechanical "stomach". It is the whole device, which works like a human brain. If something goes wrong, the whole device will be paralyzed.

Now, this single-chip microcomputer is widely used, such as intelligent instruments, real-time industrial control, communication equipment, navigation systems, household appliances and so on. Once the single-chip microcomputer is adopted by various products, it can play a role in improving the efficiency of products, and the adjective "intelligence" is often preceded by the product name, such as washing machine intelligence. At present, some products made by technicians in some factories or other amateur electronic developers are either too complicated in circuit or too simple in function and easy to be copied. The reason may be that no microcontroller or other programmable logic device is used in the product.

The basic components of single-chip microcomputer are central processing unit (CPU and controller in computing device), read-only memory (usually represented as ROM), read-write memory (also called random access memory, MRAM is usually represented as RAM), input/output port (also divided into parallel port and serial port, represented as I/O port) and so on. In fact, the microcontroller also has a clock circuit, so that the operation and control of the microcontroller can be carried out rhythmically. In addition, there is the so-called "interrupt system". The system plays the role of a "gatekeeper". When the object parameters controlled by the microcontroller need to be intervened to reach a certain state, the "gatekeeper" can be communicated to the CPU, so that the CPU can take appropriate countermeasures against the priority of external events.

Introduction of single chip microcomputer

It can be said that the 20th century spanned three "electricity" eras, namely, the electrical era, the electronic era and the computer era. However, this kind of computer usually refers to a personal computer, or PC for short. It consists of a host, a keyboard, a display, etc. There is another kind of computer that most people are not familiar with. This kind of computer is a single chip microcomputer (also called microcontroller) that gives intelligence to various machines. As the name implies, the smallest system of this computer can complete simple operation and control with only one integrated circuit. Because of its small size, it is usually hidden in the "belly" of the controlled machine. It acts like a human brain in the whole device. If something goes wrong with it, the whole equipment will be paralyzed.

Now, this single-chip microcomputer has been widely used, such as intelligent instruments, real-time industrial control, communication equipment, navigation systems, household appliances and so on. Once the single-chip microcomputer is used in various products, the products can be upgraded. The adjective "smart" is often used before the product name, such as smart washing machine. At present, the products made by technicians or other amateur electronic developers in some factories are either too complicated in circuit or too simple in function and easy to be copied. The reason may be that the product does not use single chip microcomputer or other programmable logic devices.

The basic components of single chip microcomputer are CPU (arithmetic unit and controller in CPU), read-only memory (usually expressed as ROM), read-write memory (also called random access memory, usually expressed as RAM), input/output port (divided into parallel port and serial port, expressed as I/O port) and so on. In fact, there is also a clock circuit in the single chip microcomputer, which enables the single chip microcomputer to perform operation and control rhythmically. In addition, there is the so-called "interrupt system", which has the function of "message room". When the parameters of the object controlled by the single chip microcomputer reach the state of needing intervention, the CPU can be informed through this "message room" so that the CPU can take appropriate measures according to the priority of external events.