Keywords Huaying city; Tourism ecological environment; sustainable development
In recent decades, with the continuous growth of the national economy and the continuous improvement of people's living standards, China's tourism industry is entering a new era to better meet the people's growing tourism needs. With the vigorous development of tourism economy, the ecological environment of tourist destinations has increasingly become the focus of scholars' attention. Huaying city is rich in tourism resources, with good development opportunities and great development potential. How to scientifically plan, develop and protect tourism resources under the strategy of "strengthening the city by tourism" and realize the harmonious unity of economy, society and ecological environment is of great strategic significance to the sustainable development of Huaying tourism and the all-round development of regional economy and society. Based on this, this paper discusses the tourism ecological environment problems and sustainable development of Huaying City from the perspective of ecological environment.
1. Definition of tourism ecological environment
Although there are many studies on tourism ecological environment in academic circles at home and abroad, there is no widely accepted concept at present. Rebecca and Zhang Jianxin [1] define the tourism eco-environment problem as the negative impact of tourism development on the eco-environment. However, the author believes that this definition focuses on the unilateral negative impact of tourism on the ecological environment and ignores the interaction between tourism and the ecological environment, which is one-sided. Therefore, the author believes that the tourism ecological environment problem is not limited to the negative impact of tourism development on the ecological environment, but also includes all the ecological environment problems that affect tourism development. According to the different nature, it can be divided into tourism ecological environment destruction and tourism ecological environment pollution; According to the causes, it can be divided into primary tourism ecological environment problems and secondary tourism ecological environment problems; According to the occurrence, it can be divided into existing tourism environmental problems and potential tourism ecological environmental problems.
2. Overview of Huaying City
Huaying City is located in the east of Sichuan Province, on the west edge of the middle section of Huaying Mountain and on the east bank of Qujiang River, with a subtropical monsoon range of10632 ′ e ~10718 ′ e, 3012 ′ n ~ 3050 ′ n. The annual average precipitation is 1282.2mm, the highest peak can reach 1800mm, and the annual average temperature is 17.6℃. There are many kinds of animals and plants, and coal, limestone and other mineral resources are abundant. Taking Huaying Mountain as the boundary, low mountains and hills are widely distributed in the west, with low terrain and few deep mountains. In the meantime, there are some flat dams, terraces, purple soil, fertile soil and convenient irrigation, which are the main agricultural areas; The eastern part is dominated by middle and low mountains, with high terrain, large slope, developed karst landforms, yellow soil, thin soil layer, low fertility, poor farming conditions and rich natural resources. Huaying City, an old revolutionary base area, was once the main activity place of Huaying Mountain guerrillas. In the 1960s, Huaying City was listed as a "third-line construction" base by the state, and industry occupied a leading position in GDP for a long time. In March 2009, Huaying City was listed as the second batch of "resource-exhausted cities" by the State Council, and its economic development is in a transitional period. Huaying city is rich in tourism resources, and the tourism types are mainly mountain tourism. In recent years, leisure tourism has developed rapidly. Huaying City put forward the strategy of "invigorating the city through tourism" and "strengthening the city through tourism", which developed rapidly. At the same time, the problem of tourism ecological environment in Huaying City is more prominent, which restricts the sustainable development of tourism in Huaying City.
3. The main tourism eco-environmental problems in Huaying City
3. 1 Mountain geological disasters mainly include landslides, rock collapses and mudslides.
Huaying City, located in the western margin of Huaying Mountain, is a typical mountainous city, with a large mountainous area, accounting for 36.52% of the total area, steep slopes, with a slope of more than 50 in most areas, strong neotectonic movement, developed folds and faults, rugged terrain, complex natural environment, abundant and concentrated precipitation in summer, and unreasonable human activities such as mining and deforestation, which are geological disasters in mountainous areas. From the table 1, it can be seen that the main mountain geological disasters in Huaying city are: landslide, collapse, debris flow, mountain deformation, dangerous rocks, floods and so on. These disasters are sudden and destructive. At present, Huaying city mainly focuses on mountain tourism, and serious mountain geological disasters pose a great threat to the development of tourism and tourism activities, which restricts the development of Huaying.
3.2 Vegetation destruction, soil erosion and rocky desertification
Huaying City is rich in mineral resources and forest resources. For half a century, industry has been the pillar and leading industry of Huaying City. Due to the rapid population growth, predatory exploitation and utilization of natural resources, large and concentrated regional precipitation, steep mountains and steep slopes, unreasonable agricultural farming, and serious vegetation destruction, soil erosion and rocky desertification in Huaying City. The destruction of vegetation reduces the forest coverage and water conservation capacity, intensifies soil erosion and rocky desertification in this area, destroys the tourism ecological environment, not only affects the adjustment function of vegetation to the local climate, but also affects the construction of tourism infrastructure and tourism activities.
3.3 flood
Huaying City is located on the east bank of Qujiang, a secondary tributary of the Yangtze River, and Yueming and Yongxing Town are located on both sides of Qujiang. Huaying's tourism industry is changing from a single sightseeing tour to a leisure tour. At present, Huaying Tourism Bureau has planned to develop leisure tourism projects in Qujiang. However, due to the serious destruction of vegetation and fragile ecological environment in Qujiang River Basin, there is not enough space for flood storage and detention. In addition, Qujiang River Basin is located in the subtropical monsoon climate zone, with heavy rains in summer and frequent floods in recent years, which can easily destroy the tourism infrastructure, threaten the life and health of tourists and affect the development of tourism.
3.4 Air pollution, water environment problems and solid waste pollution caused by human activities.
Huaying City is rich in coal, limestone and other mineral resources. Coal mining and cement manufacturing have always been the pillar industries in Huaying City. However, some enterprises blindly exploit and discharge a lot of pollutants when they fail to meet the standards, which leads to serious pollution of air, water resources and solid waste in Huaying City. Coal mining will lead to problems such as the decline of groundwater level, water pollution and the increase of river solid waste, which seriously restricts the sustainable development of tourism in Huaying City. In addition, some tourists litter in tourism activities, destroying infrastructure, vegetation, soil and so on. In tourist areas, the environmental carrying capacity at the peak of tourism is not enough, which affects the ecological environment and image of tourist areas.
3.5 biodiversity has declined sharply.
Huaying city is rich in biological resources, and the complex terrain makes the species of animals and plants diverse. According to statistics, there are more than 400 species of wild animals in Huaying Mountain, including 34 species of national protected animals, 392 species of gymnosperms, angiosperms and ferns *** 1 16 families, and more than 600 species of wild medicinal materials [3]. However, due to unreasonable development and utilization, deforestation, destruction of the ecological environment, and pollution of air, water and soil by human activities, the number of wild animals has dropped sharply or even disappeared, which has greatly affected biodiversity and hindered the sustainable development of tourism.
4. Countermeasures and suggestions
4. 1 Accelerate the restoration and improvement of the tourism ecological environment.