Argumentative reading and answering skills
First of all, the main methods to determine the central argument are:
(1) Titles distinguish topics from arguments.
② Open point
(3) Point at the end of the article ("So, in a word, in the final analysis, in a word")
(4) Summarize arguments and prove opinions.
Method:
1, the form and position of the argument: the argument should be a clear judgment, a complete statement of the author's point of view and a relatively complete sentence in form. Location: ① the title, ② the beginning, ③ the end of the article, ④ during discussion (pay attention to the transitional sentence connecting the preceding with the following), and ⑤ the expression is not concentrated and needs to be summarized.
2. When there are no ready-made sentences to express arguments, although there are some difficulties, there are ways to follow: we need to extract the core of the article on the basis of accurate understanding of the full text, accurately judge and refine the author's views according to the topics and arguments and referring to the problems that the author wants to solve, and then summarize them in his own words.
3. It should be noted that in some articles, there are more than one sentence expressing the meaning of the central argument, and comparison is needed to find the most concise sentence.
Second, the examination of argumentation knowledge has the following types:
(1) Analysis argument. Argument substitution, whether an argument can prove similar arguments and explain the reasons, and cite the role of the argument.
② Supplementary arguments. Principle: it must be true; Be typical; Can prove this argument.
Method:
It depends on what kind of example you are asked to give, whether it is a celebrity or something else.
A, you can give celebrity examples, which are more convincing and show your knowledge, but you must write accurate people and things, and don't sell yourself short.
B, you can also cite examples of people, which can be compiled, but you should pay attention to realism and avoid over-exaggeration, so that people can know at a glance that it is compiled.
★ Answer method: people+examples+short comments.
(3) Summarize the content of the argument (specified number of words). Format: people (things)+subject characteristics (occurrence and development results)
(4) The order of exchanging arguments and deleting. (Often not interchangeable, there must be words and sentences before and after the argument)
⑤ Summarize the idea and content of the paragraph according to the argument.
Third, focus on the argumentation method and function of the article or paragraph?
Prove with examples and prove (viewpoint) effectively through examples, making the discussion more real, convincing and powerful.
Reasoning (quoting): Quoting famous words to prove (a point of view) makes reasoning more full, profound, authoritative and powerful.
Metaphorical argument: used as metaphor, this profound truth is easy to understand, vivid in language and easy to be accepted by people. A strong argument
Comparative argument: compare and contrast everything, distinguish right from wrong, distinguish right from wrong, demonstrate rigorously, convincingly and impressively. A strong argument
Note: When answering the function of argumentation method, consider the content first, and then consider it from the perspective of argumentation. Strong arguments are essential. When looking for an argument method, the order of analogy argument, contrast argument, example argument and reason argument can be foolproof.
★ Answer method: Is this sentence (sentence) useful? Model law, demonstrated (demonstrated), appeared (benefit)
Fourth, the way of demonstration:
Generally speaking, there are two kinds: argument and refutation. There are three refutation methods: ① refutation point; 2 refute the argument; 3 refute the reasons.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) Paragraph function of argumentative writing: structure plus content
Initial role:
(1) Put forward the topic or the content of the discussion to pave the way for the following discussion.
(2) to demonstrate.
The end function is:
① Summarize the full text and draw out or deepen the argument.
(2) Call for hope and prospect.
Sixth, the most basic characteristics of argumentative language: accuracy and rigor.
Common test sites: understand the rigor and accuracy of words such as modification, restriction and emphasis; Understand the meaning of important sentences
Seven, open questions: understanding and feelings after writing and reading.
Eight, the role of quoting poems and stories:
Enhancing interest, as an argument to prove an argument, also leads to a topic (argument) at the beginning.