Animal medicine can also be translated into veterinary medicine, but it is more widely used than veterinary medicine. Please look at the animal medicine paper I brought!
The establishment of fishery veterinary qualification examination system is an important measure to deepen the prevention and control system of emerging aquatic animal diseases in China, the basic direction to promote the professional development and industrial management of fishery medicine, and the key link to strengthen the construction of aquatic animal medicine professionals [1]. In April, 20 13, in order to implement the qualification examination system for fishery licensed veterinarians and adapt to the efforts of the state to strengthen the prevention and control system of aquatic animal diseases, the first undergraduate specialty of aquatic animal medicine in China was established in Shanghai Ocean University with the approval of the Ministry of Education, and other aquatic institutions of higher learning in China began to try the construction of this specialty. As a newly-established undergraduate major, aquatic animal medicine teaching must actively adapt to the new situation, scientifically design teaching orientation and personnel training mode, and constantly innovate teaching concepts, so that aquatic animal medicine higher education can better serve the society. Therefore, how to carry out effective professional teaching, use limited teaching time to achieve better teaching results, and improve students' technical level and employment ability is undoubtedly a big problem in front of fisheries universities. In view of this, on the basis of analyzing the teaching characteristics of aquatic animal medicine specialty, this paper expounds the innovative measures of aquatic animal medicine specialty teaching from the aspects of teaching content setting, teaching methods, teacher team construction, practical skills training and teaching effect evaluation, so as to promote the improvement of aquatic animal medicine teaching quality in China.
1 characteristics of aquatic animal medicine teaching
The traditional teaching concept of aquatic products specialty holds that the teaching of aquatic products specialty must emphasize the cultivation of students' basic professional theoretical knowledge and practical skills [2]. Therefore, under the influence of this traditional teaching concept, the teaching of aquatic animal medicine specialty pays attention to the cultivation and training of standardized practical operation techniques on the basis of professional theoretical courses, and enables students to have solid related technologies of aquatic animal medicine through basic verification experiments, especially strengthening practical teaching links. The practice teaching of aquatic animal medicine is an open teaching system, which depends on the environment and is influenced by environmental factors such as season, climate and region. Practice teaching places include laboratories, school practice bases, fishery enterprises and institutions, fishery research institutes, etc. , and has extensive, direct and close contact with theoretical teaching system, production practice system, scientific research practice system and social practice system. At present, the teaching of aquatic animal medicine has the following characteristics:
(1) emphasizes the importance and necessity of practical teaching;
(2) Pay attention to the cultivation of students' operational skills;
(3) Pay attention to the practicality and scientificity of teaching content;
(4) Experimental teaching has the characteristics of standardization, process and environmental dependence.
2. Innovative measures of aquatic animal medicine teaching
As a new undergraduate major, aquatic animal medicine is facing unprecedented opportunities and challenges in teaching and talent team training. Especially for a long time, practical teaching has not only failed to attract enough attention from fisheries universities, but also failed to reflect new production technology and scientific research achievements, unreasonable teaching system, scattered practical teaching bases and insufficient investment in infrastructure construction and equipment. Practice teaching teachers are mostly pure theory teachers, lacking practical training. With the expansion of enrollment, the employment situation of students is more severe, and students' employment ability needs to be improved, especially their practical ability and innovation ability. How to carry out effective professional teaching, use limited teaching time to achieve better teaching effect and improve students' technical level and employment ability is an urgent problem to be solved in fisheries colleges to run this major well.
(1) The teaching of aquatic animal medicine must be based on the qualification examination system for fishery veterinarians.
On 20 1 1 year, China began to formally implement the qualification examination system for veterinary practitioners. The examination subjects are divided into basic subjects (including veterinary laws and regulations and professional ethics, aquatic animal anatomy and embryology, animal biochemistry and aquatic animal physiology), preventive subjects (including aquatic animal immunology, aquatic animal pathogenic biology and aquatic animal hygiene) and clinical subjects (including aquatic pharmacology and aquatic zoology), and fishery practice. Therefore, the teaching content of aquatic animal medicine specialty should refer to the examination subjects of fishery veterinary qualification examination to set up the curriculum and teaching content. Based on the principle of "thick foundation, emphasis on specialty, high quality and strong practice", the courses are determined according to the contents involved in the qualification examination of fishery and veterinary medicine, and the curriculum construction and rationality of aquatic animal medicine specialty are continuously reviewed scientifically and carefully, so that the courses offered are as consistent as possible with the subjects of fishery qualification examination prescribed by the state. In addition, according to the objective requirements of higher education in China and the characteristics of aquatic animal medicine, the proportion of public basic courses, professional basic courses, professional courses and elective courses should be rationally allocated, and the test sites specified in the outline of fishery veterinary qualification examination should be included in the course learning standards and integrated into the course teaching without increasing the theoretical hours of the course.
(2) The advanced teaching methods of related disciplines must be used for reference in the teaching of aquatic animal medicine.
The reform of teaching methods is the focus and difficulty of teaching reform. The specialty of aquatic animal medicine has just been added, lacking professional teaching methods and experience. Therefore, in the specific teaching process, we should learn from the advanced teaching methods of aquaculture, animal medicine and other related majors, actively implement the combination of case teaching and PBL teaching method, and adopt heuristic teaching and discussion teaching to stimulate students' interest in learning, mobilize their initiative in learning and give full play to their subjective initiative. As far as possible, make use of self-made handouts to introduce relevant scientific research achievements and clinical practical experience into course teaching, so as to better combine basic theory teaching with practical teaching. At the same time, we should use modern teaching technology to show the teaching content in various ways, such as words, images, sounds, videos, etc., and reproduce various cases through multimedia, so that students can have an immersive and immersive experience, so that students can acquire knowledge through vision and hearing and deepen their memories. Create a good learning atmosphere, encourage positive thinking, emphasize problem-based, mobilize students' enthusiasm, improve students' ability to think and solve problems independently, and achieve better teaching results.
(3) The training and construction of aquatic animal medicine teachers must be strengthened in the teaching of aquatic animal medicine.
The establishment of aquatic animal medicine specialty aims at strengthening the construction of aquatic animal disease prevention and control system in China, implementing the qualification examination system for fishery practicing veterinarians, and cultivating aquatic animal medicine professionals, which has its own characteristics of combining experiment with application. Therefore, professional teachers must have high practical skills. On the premise of improving teaching ability, teachers are actively encouraged to go to grass-roots units (enterprises, aquatic technology extension stations, aquatic research institutes, etc.). ) In order to standardize the behavior of fishery veterinary practitioners, improve the prevention and control ability of aquatic animal diseases, guide and take students to participate in grass-roots production activities, fully improve practical skills and clinical experience, and establish a "double-qualified" teaching team. In addition, the school should also establish a corresponding talent training system, encourage teachers to go out of school and enter the grassroots, encourage teachers to participate in various training courses and academic conferences, broaden their horizons and improve their professional quality.
(4) The teaching of aquatic animal medicine must focus on cultivating students' practical skills.
Aquatic animal medicine is an experimental and applied subject [3]. Applying theoretical knowledge to solve practical clinical problems is the focus of aquatic animal medicine teaching. Therefore, teaching not only emphasizes the organic combination of theory and practice, but also pays attention to the application of cases in theoretical teaching, and carries out on-site teaching to improve students' ability to analyze and solve problems. In addition, it is necessary to strengthen school-enterprise cooperation, especially to establish practical teaching bases with developed aquatic products areas or enterprises, appropriately extend the practical teaching time, and avoid becoming a mere formality. Students should take part in the practice of clinical disease diagnosis for at least one year in the practice teaching base and the on-campus practice base, establish an after-school practice teaching system, set up a production practice research group focusing on experimental research, and make full use of the summer vacation to participate in various activities related to the fishery practicing veterinary industry. The epidemiological investigation and scientific and technological services of aquatic animals are carried out irregularly, and practical activities such as scientific and technological competitions and professional skill competitions are carried out regularly to cultivate students' experimental operation and practical ability.
(5) Diversified teaching evaluation methods should be established in aquatic animal medicine teaching.
Teaching evaluation, as an important means to test the teaching effect of teachers and students, is an important basic work in education and teaching. In the theoretical examination, according to the requirements of the Outline of Veterinary Qualification Examination for Fishery Practitioners, combined with the teaching syllabus, the theoretical examination content was updated, the examination questions were changed, and the clinical practice examination questions and case analysis questions were added. The content was as comprehensive and focused as possible, which enhanced the students' ability to analyze clinical problems and solve practical problems. At the same time, follow the vocational skill appraisal system, increase the proportion of students' practical operation skills assessment, and the skill operation scores account for at least 40% of the total scores. This assessment method can not only further strengthen the cultivation of students' practical operation ability, make students organically combine what they have learned with practice, find problems in practice and cultivate their ability to solve problems independently, but also provide students with opportunities for exploration, encourage students to think independently and cultivate their innovative consciousness and ability.
4 conclusion
The research level of aquatic animal medicine in China is low and it started late. In addition, aquaculture has many years of cultural accumulation, and there are obstacles such as breeding mode, production mode and economic level, which invisibly restrict the development of aquatic animal medicine teaching in China. However, by learning from the successful experience of related majors at home and abroad, constantly tracking the advanced research results at home and abroad, and adjusting the teaching content, teaching methods, teaching staff, practical skills training methods and teaching effect evaluation methods in time, the teaching and personnel training system of aquatic animal medicine specialty will be gradually established and matured. We believe that the professional training system of aquatic animal medicine in China will gradually train a number of professional fishery veterinarians for the country, effectively improve the clinical prevention and control level of aquaculture diseases in China and narrow the distance with developed countries.
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