(A) the basic position and orientation of writing historical papers

Middle school history teachers are an important army among the great historians. In the vast field of history science, the theory and practice of history teaching in middle schools is an important branch. The professional characteristics of middle school history teachers determine that when writing history teaching papers, they must have their own characteristics besides general history papers. That is, first of all, we should focus on how to teach history well, improve the teaching quality, let students improve their ideological and political level in the process of learning scientific history knowledge, and establish a scientific world outlook and a revolutionary outlook on life. In addition to teaching, history teachers need to arrange appropriate time and energy to write history teaching papers. In recent years, in the evaluation of professional titles, we should not only evaluate the teaching achievements, but also see whether there are papers and how they are written, which shows the legitimacy and necessity of middle school history teachers writing history papers.

The content orientation and main types of historical papers should be considered well. First of all, it should be affirmed that the majority of middle school history teachers can and have written many historical papers with diverse topics and rich contents, and made the same contribution to historical science as professional researchers and university teachers. At the same time, we should also see that through long-term teaching practice, middle school history teachers have accumulated extremely rich classroom teaching experience. Summarizing and improving teaching experience in this way and forming various types of history teaching papers around history teaching are the advantages and the best, which are probably unfamiliar to other historians. While learning from college teachers and professional researchers with an open mind and studying their works, we should also see our unique advantages in writing teaching papers on history education. In the overall construction of historical science, we shoulder a kind of "duty-bound" and "who else" work.

(B) Teaching summary is the main content of history papers written by history teachers.

Writing history papers around the main line of history education and history teaching, our middle school history teachers have unique conditions. This is the main point. At the same time, we should also see some realistic conditions, which also makes us focus on writing this kind of history teaching papers, which is more realistic, more effective and easy to produce results. Writing this kind of history teaching paper can be based on "teaching summary" and prototype, which can serve to improve teaching more effectively, and the pertinence of history teaching paper is more clear, avoiding "teaching" and "paper", and spending too much energy because of writing papers in busy teaching and class teacher's work. In this way, writing papers is not an extra burden, but a part of history teaching in a broad sense. It is closely linked with teaching and promotes each other, which is more likely to arouse the interest of writers and enhance their confidence in writing a good history paper. Proceeding from reality, in middle schools below the county and township level, some teachers graduated from non-history majors, and some teachers took pains to undertake several subjects with an eye on the overall situation, obeyed the needs of work, and overcame difficulties; Some teachers are forced by teachers and curriculum conditions to "change careers" and teach themselves what they have not learned. Coupled with the relative lack of reference materials, it is not convenient to borrow and communicate, and so on. After clearly seeing these actual situations, we feel that it is unrealistic to vaguely encourage teachers to write general history papers and "strive to reach the publishing level". It is more realistic: on the basis of teaching summary, writing a short, concise and powerful historical paper rooted in this fertile soil can be meaningful and effective, and then summarize and submit it, review and improve it, and make a book. It is not only the achievement of teachers' history teaching papers, but also the achievement of county (district) culture and education. It can be used for teaching reference and post evaluation.

Writing a history teaching paper according to the teaching summary does not mean that the teaching summary is a paper. The differences and connections between teaching summary and thesis should be discussed. How many types of historical papers are there? It is difficult to define mechanically; How to divide all kinds of history papers? Can not be rigidly divided, in fact, it must be criss-crossed and interrelated. In order to facilitate topic selection and writing, following the theme ideas can be roughly divided into the following categories: (1) the implementation of ideological education; (2) the teaching of historical knowledge; (3) improving teaching quality, (4) summing up teaching experience, (5) exploring teaching art, (6) investigating students' learning situation; (7) Further research on teachers' business; (8) Discussion on historical topics.

Of course, there are other types, such as: evaluation of teaching materials and teaching plans, summary and evaluation of observation teaching and so on. The theme and emphasis of our history teaching papers are obviously inclined to history teaching, and various history papers inevitably overlap and blend with each other. For example, (3) has the comprehensive properties of (1) and (2), while (5) and (6) are the main components of (4). (8) refers to academic or intellectual research or discussion on a historical topic. Although this kind of historical papers is not a large batch or a subject, it does not rule out writing, which should be written or can be written.

As we all know, objective history itself is a complex organic whole, and its various parts and sides are inseparable from other parts and sides. Only when discussing and studying, because of different emphases, what has to be highlighted and what has to be omitted, so it shows different types and contents of historical papers. From the writer's point of view, we should try our best to grasp the whole picture of history, so that we can deeply understand the part to be written from the overall connection and accurately grasp the stages you want to talk about in the long river of historical development. Therefore, we need to put some effort into it, on this basis, collect and select products extensively, accumulate a lot of money, and learn from others in a simple way, so that Bo can return to the contract. For example, to write a historical paper on the topic of "Taiping Heavenly Kingdom", there are three different paper types and writing styles from three different topics.

(1) If you write a historical paper with certain academic quality from the perspective of strengthening teachers' further study and improving their professional level, you should write it on the profound background of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. The religion of God based on Christianity, after processing and transformation by Hong Xiuquan, has been localized and has become a new spiritual weapon to mobilize the masses, which is different from the traditional peasant uprising. With a thunderous momentum, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom destroyed everything and was invincible, making Nanjing its capital, attacking the rule of the Qing Dynasty and resisting western aggression, which indicated the coming of the people's revolution against imperialism, feudalism and semi-colonialism. As for the infighting among the leading groups in the kingdom of heaven, it should be pointed out that this is not only a struggle for interests in interpersonal relationships, but also a profound analysis of the fact that the peasant class does not represent advanced productive forces in essence. Without the leadership of the advanced class, we can only crush the old society and not build a new one. After some victories, some "reforms" were either suppressed by the old feudal forces or transformed into a new feudal dynasty. In particular, it should be clear that, on the whole, although the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom still belongs to the old-style peasant uprising, the "China Land System" has prominently reflected the strong desire of the broad masses of peasants to abolish feudal land ownership urgently, and revealed a great attempt to solve the peasant land problem, which indicates that the new struggle of the bourgeois democratic revolution is coming soon.