Under the background of the increasingly severe employment situation of college graduates, rural female college students are the vulnerable groups in the employment competition. Both have their own reasons. There are also external factors. The employment difficulty of rural female college students not only affects their own development, but also causes negative social effects such as the vicious circle of basic education. In view of this situation, universities and students themselves should take corresponding countermeasures.

Keywords rural areas; Female college students; Employment; Cause of formation; Countermeasures

With the popularization of higher education and the change of employment system, the employment situation of college graduates is becoming increasingly severe. With the increasing number of female college students in China in recent years, the employment situation of female college students has aroused widespread concern in society. Among them, there is also a vulnerable group that is easily overlooked-rural female college students. The Multicultural Education Center of the Education Department of Beijing Normal University conducted a survey on the employment situation of rural female college students. The results show that 90.80% people think that the employment situation of female college students is not good or very good, and the employment situation of female college students from rural areas is generally not optimistic. The factors affecting the employment of female college students are major, gender, appearance, family background and national policies in turn, and family background has become the fourth factor affecting the employment of female college students. In the process of job hunting, female college students are much more dependent on social relations such as parents and relatives than male college students. According to statistics, more than half of the female college students who have signed contracts think that they can find jobs without the help of their parents and relatives, while among the female college students who have not signed contracts, there are more rural female college students than urban female college students. Compared with male college students and urban female college students. Due to gender and household registration differences, rural female college students are obviously at a disadvantage in the fierce employment competition and almost become a marginalized employment group.

First, the reasons for the employment difficulties of rural female college students

In the current employment environment, there are many reasons why rural female college students are difficult to find jobs, some of which are universal, such as the relative surplus of labor supply; College enrollment expansion; Colleges and universities are out of touch with market supply and demand in specialty setting and talent training objectives; Gender discrimination faced by employed women in the labor buyer's market; Wait a minute. This paper focuses on the analysis of the unique reasons for rural female college students' employment difficulties.

(A) their own reasons

1 is relatively weak in interpersonal communication and self-expression, resulting in less information sources. The poor interpersonal skills of rural female college students are the negative impact of weak family background and economic background. Influenced by family and traditional educational experience, many rural female college students cherish hard-won learning opportunities, and often devote all their time and energy to their studies during their college years, and spend less time socializing than urban girls. Coupled with the long-term influence of traditional ideas, their communication initiative is not enough, and their communication is mostly confined to narrow circles such as classmates and fellow villagers. In contrast, male college students from rural areas may consciously expand their social circle. Information channels are very important in the process of choosing jobs, and people with strong communication skills have obvious advantages. The narrow social circle makes them have much less information channels when looking for a job than boys and urban female college students.

Lack of socio-economic background, too single choice. Rural female college students have no social relations to use. A survey shows that the lack of social network has surpassed the factors such as work experience, ability, application methods and skills to become the most confusing factor for rural female college students in the process of job hunting. As many as 62. 12% of the respondents admit that the lack of social networks is a big disadvantage for rural female college students.

Urban girls with good family economic conditions have many choices when they graduate. They can seek employment help from their parents, relatives and friends, or they can choose to continue their studies or go abroad to start a business. Rural female college students have no social background and no financial resources to go abroad. Even if you start a business, you will face difficulties in obtaining funds. They choose to continue their studies through postgraduate entrance examination (especially for poor students who can't even continue their studies) or apply for jobs in the talent market alone after graduation. Due to poor economic conditions, they can't invest too much in job hunting, and many people can't even afford all kinds of consumption brought by employment. I have to admit that family background and economic situation are a big disadvantage for rural female college students in the process of employment.

3. The comprehensive qualities such as foreign language ability and practical ability are low. Because the family's economic situation and the educational resources they enjoy are far less than those of girls from cities, rural female college students are weak in foreign languages, especially oral English. The practical ability of Chinese students is generally poor, while female college students from rural areas lack a lot of practical ability due to physiological, personality, socio-economic background and other reasons.

In addition, influenced by traditional ideas, some female college students lack enterprising and competitive consciousness, and agree with the traditional gender role of "men dominate the outside and women dominate the inside". In the process of urbanization, some rural girls spend their spare time on clothing, makeup and beauty, and pay attention to dressing up. They seldom read newspapers, don't care about current affairs and politics, are not keen on participating in campus activities and serving as student cadres, and ignore the accumulation of knowledge, broadening their horizons and improving their comprehensive quality. This situation also exists among female college students in some cities. The low comprehensive ability leads to the lack of self-confidence of rural female college students, which is easy to be passive in job hunting.

The expectation of some rural girls is too high. Rural female college students are generally the best among their peers, and they are regarded as "phoenix" by their parents, which makes them subconsciously have a kind of conceited psychology. Parents' expectations make them prefer "decent" jobs, and they are willing to choose a stable, comfortable and well-paid unit instead of going to the grassroots with poor conditions for exercise. Relevant surveys show that 78% of poor female college students tend to coastal areas and metropolises with superior conditions, and urban complex and white-collar complex have become the mindset of many poor female college students. On the other hand, due to their weak adaptability and lack of initiative, many people would rather choose a stable job with low income than take risks, and have no courage and confidence to engage in high-income and high-risk industries.

(2) External causes

1 The existing household registration system and its related discriminatory policies have increased the differences between regions and urban and rural areas and intensified the employment pressure of rural female college students. The flow of talents in China is often one-way, that is, it is easy to move from big cities to small cities and rural areas, and vice versa. Students become an important factor in employment. The survey shows that nearly 70% (69%) of college students think that local students are very important. The employment of foreign college students in big cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen and Guangzhou will be restricted. For rural female college students, their employment space is limited because of their household registration. In addition, the discriminatory policies of some provinces and cities stipulate that in some areas, the undergraduate civil service examination is limited to local students, which virtually reduces the employment opportunities of rural female college students. Another example is the unwritten rule that "local takes precedence over foreign countries and boys take precedence over girls", which is an obvious rejection of rural female students.

2 employer's exclusion. Some employers, especially private enterprises, are unfair to rural female students. When faced with two applicants of the same level, they tend to be urban graduates, thinking that they have stronger adaptability, more social connections and greater potential contribution to the enterprise.

Second, the negative impact of rural female college students' employment difficulties

(A) Employment difficulties have seriously affected the employment enthusiasm of rural female college students, which is not conducive to women's independence and self-improvement.

After many unsuccessful job interviews, the self-confidence and employment enthusiasm of rural female college students have been greatly hit. They will be more internal attribution and excessively look for their own shortcomings, which will aggravate their inferiority and negative psychology in employment. In the case of hopeless employment. Rural female college students turn to other ways, and some of them continue their postgraduate studies, which is one of the reasons why the proportion of female masters and doctors in colleges and universities is getting higher and higher, but this can not solve their fundamental problems, but makes their employment threshold higher and higher.

Others may give up their original pursuit. Turn to men. In recent years, the concept of "doing well is better than marrying well" has risen in colleges and universities. There are also "urgent marriage families" among graduates. Many female college students started dating, seeking marriage, and even walked into the matchmaking agency. According to a matchmaking agency in Wuchang, most of the female college students who go to the matchmaking agency for marriage have poor economic conditions. For example, a rural girl in a normal college, because her family is poor, has been in college for several years and still owes her tuition and fees. She has no special restrictions on the age of the other half, but requires "good conditions and willingness to help". She thinks that even if she finds a job, her salary will not be too high, and it is too difficult to pay off her debts and buy a house. Employment pressure makes female college students' concept of mate selection utilitarian gradually. The mentality of "doing well is better than marrying well" not only violates moral standards, but also violates the essence of love, which is not conducive to women's independence and self-improvement. It is a retrogression of history. In the long run, the overall quality of women will inevitably decline. 2) It is difficult for rural female college students to find jobs, which will lead to a vicious circle of basic education. Aggravated the gap between urban and rural areas.

The employment difficulties of rural female college students not only affect their personal life and development, but also dampen the enthusiasm of farmers to participate in education at a deeper level. Leading to a vicious circle of basic education. For most rural areas in China, it is not easy to support children to go to college. The reason why farmers invest in education is that they want to get a return. I hope that children can improve their quality of life and change their family destiny after graduation. Therefore, the employment situation of highly educated rural female college students will directly affect the enthusiasm of other farmers around to invest in education. Under the traditional thinking that boys are preferred to girls, the opportunity for rural female college students to receive higher education is hard-won. Only by letting farmers see the changes that higher education has brought to personal and family life will more rural families invest in girls' education. If they still can't find a job after finishing college at such a high cost, it is a great waste of investment in rural education. Their families will doubt the value of women's higher education and lose confidence in education. Therefore, the investment in education will be reduced, which will make rural women who are already in a weak position more vulnerable, and more rural girls will probably drop out of school, leading to a vicious circle of basic education, and education cannot achieve de facto fairness, thus aggravating the gap between urban and rural areas.

Third, the countermeasures to solve the employment difficulties of rural female college students

The employment dilemma of rural female college students is caused by the difficulty of female employment. Eliminating gender discrimination requires not only changing ideas, but also profound institutional changes. For example, reform the original maternity protection system, and separate the compensation for women's reproductive value from enterprises, which will be borne and compensated by society; Employers should improve the evaluation methods of labor quality and reform the household registration system; Wait a minute. System reform involves the interests of all parties, and it is difficult to achieve it overnight. As far as universities and college students are concerned, some effective work can be done at present.

(1) Strengthen self-awareness. Clear self-positioning

Facing the severe employment environment, rural female college students should stand on their own feet, recognize their own advantages, establish self-confidence, and improve their comprehensive quality in view of their own disadvantages. In fact, rural female college students have their unique advantages, such as hard-working, hard-working, good academic performance, high ambition and strong ability to resist setbacks. Especially after a period of adaptation after work, their advantages will be obviously brought into play.

Rural girls should not overemphasize that they are rural and have inferiority complex. In fact, apart from family background, other differences in abilities can be completely compensated by personal efforts. Rural girls can focus on their weaknesses, actively participate in various social activities, exercise their ability to communicate with others and expand their social circle. In the usual study, we should not only pay attention to the study of theoretical courses, but also pay more attention to current events and broaden our horizons, especially to improve our practical ability and accumulate practical experience. Practice has proved that despite gender discrimination, female college students with strong self-strength (such as good mentality, cheerful personality, good use of external information, good communication, etc.) still have great choices in employment.

(B) targeted guidance and training in colleges and universities is an important way to change the employment situation of rural female college students.

The employment guidance center of colleges and universities should cultivate skills, psychology and quality for the employment of rural female college students. Some schools have already started this work. For example, the "Training Project to Improve the Employment Quality of Rural Female College Students" initiated by the Multicultural Education Research Center of the Education Department of Beijing Normal University has attracted the attention of female college students through extensive lectures and started preparations as soon as possible; Through small-scale training, we can change their inferiority and negative psychology, clarify their self-awareness and employment direction, and enhance their employability.

Employment guidance and training in colleges and universities should provide practice and internship opportunities for rural female college students, carry out targeted employment skills training, give them career planning guidance, invite some successful rural college students to impart experience and provide some constructive suggestions. Before applying for a job, female college students receive special guidance and training in image etiquette, resume design and interview skills.

(3) government support

Before the reform of the household registration system, the government should first abolish some discriminatory regulations that restrict foreign students, and hold special job fairs for female college students to provide an equal employment environment for rural female college students.