Plums with lofty snow; Orchids, lonely and quiet; Bamboo is also a noble person; Chrysanthemum, living in seclusion in Ao Shuang.
Mei Opera, the four gentlemen praised by China people, has a long history. The four gentlemen are not flattering, elegant, elegant, upright, clean and tidy, and aboveboard; It makes people open-minded, elegant and interesting, and is deeply loved by China people from generation to generation.
Appreciating China's paintings requires the Four Gentlemen of Chinese Painting to understand and study the famous Four Gentlemen of Chinese Painting.
"Four Gentlemen" refers to plum, orchid, bamboo and chrysanthemum in Chinese painting. There are quite a few works in China's ancient paintings, especially flower-and-bird paintings, which are often used by literati to express their lofty and unconventional interests: integrity, modesty and purity of thoughts and feelings. Therefore, they are called "gentlemen".
Mei Qing-People are as clear as plum blossoms.
Lan Yin-Cao Lan is like a hermit's heart. He is proud of himself.
Bamboo is elegant-it is better to eat without meat than to live without bamboo. No meat makes people thin, no bamboo makes people vulgar.
Chrysanthemum is light-the mind is as simple as a daisy, and people are as light as chrysanthemums.
The four gentlemen in Chinese painting are the general names of Chinese painting works with Meiju as the theme, symbolizing the noble character of gentlemen.
China people's praise for the four gentlemen in Mei Ju and Hua Zhong has a long history, and naturally they have reached a * * * understanding. It is elegant and lofty, and it is not a coquettish state; Washing people's dirty intestines and clearing their bones makes people's mind and demeanor attractive in noble character and deeply loved by Bosch people.
"Lansheng is in the valley, and no one is fragrant." It is said that Confucius called it the king's fragrance. I have never tasted the delicate fragrance of orchids, so its fragrance is naturally refreshing. However, its narcissistic metaphor should be a high standard for saints and scholars; The name "Beauty Vanilla" more or less reveals the sadness and depression of people with lofty ideals who are not known to the world.
However, bamboo was very common when I was a child. Although it is located in a chilly place in the north, it is also a few tall and lofty plants, not without quiet and quiet. As for the genus of bamboo fragrance and bamboo smile, I really don't know much about it. It is Zheng Banqiao's "Ink Bamboo Map" in Qing Dynasty. It is full of only a few leaves, strong and upright, full of moral integrity and lofty sentiments, but it makes me understand the symbolic significance of bamboo's firmness and nobility.
When it comes to chrysanthemums in Ao Shuang, of course, it depends on Tao Yuanming's preference. "Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, leisurely seeing Nanshan" is leisurely and enjoyable. However, I think the chrysanthemums picked by Tao Yuanming are not planted by gardeners, but ordinary wild chrysanthemums; Indifferent to Tsinghua, Shuang Ling is complacent, but he is just being romantic, which is naturally disdained by modern chrysanthemum connoisseurs.
I've only seen one plum, who cuts ice and snow, is cold-resistant and proud. Almost crystal clear, there are some small flowers between the old stem and the young branches; The film is chic, full of Leng Xiang, pure and noble, which makes people feel free from vulgarity and sadness. What's at stake here is not those who seek fame and gain, nor those who are unwilling to be lonely.
The four gentlemen of Mei Lan and Zhu Ju, with their elegant and indifferent characteristics, have been loved by the world for thousands of years and become a cultural symbol of personality, although this is due to their own nature; But it is also related to the appreciation and admiration of literati and recluse gentlemen in past dynasties. The origin of the name Four Gentlemen, I think, probably comes from ancient sages and gentlemen. They often take Mei Lan and Zhu Ju as their own conditions, and Mei Lan and Zhu Ju are enough to describe their virtues. Based on this inherent moral metaphor, the name "Four Gentlemen" is indeed appropriate.
The four gentlemen in Chinese painting are the general names of Chinese painting works with Meiju as the theme, symbolizing the noble character of gentlemen.
Mei Lanzhuju's poetic sentiment towards Mei Lanzhuju is based on the profound national cultural spirit. Mei Lan and Zhu Ju occupy four seasons, and China literati regard them as "four gentlemen", which shows their understanding of time order and the meaning of life. Gao Meijia proudly stands on the shore, orchids are elegant and ethereal, bamboo is modest and restrained, and chrysanthemums are chaste in Leng Yan. China people load their true feelings in a flower, a grass, a stone and a tree, thus making flowers, trees, grass and stones break away from or expand their original meanings and become symbols and metaphors of personality.
Generally speaking, the "realm" of life and art is to sublimate the limited inner spiritual character into eternal and infinite beauty. Plum, orchid, bamboo and chrysanthemum have become the symbols of China people's feelings about things, and they are also the most common themes in poems about objects and literati paintings, which are rooted in their yearning for this aesthetic personality realm.
They * * * is characterized by self-improvement, Tsinghua in addition to it, just stay inside, don't play the woman.
In Chinese painting, their respective spirits and meanings:
First, May
Among the poems about objects, there are very few poems with a hundred poems as one thing, but the poets who have completed the "hundred poems" of plum blossoms are the most. The most charming temperament of plum blossom is a kind of self-sufficiency in loneliness, a kind of detachment of "cold ling alone" It disdains to compete with all the peaches and plums in spring, but it stands proudly when it is freezing and the trees can't help the cold wind. In the heavy snow, flowers are blooming, flowers and trees are sparse, Leng Xiang is faint, and the wind attacks people.
From this character of plum blossom, China poets see their ideal personality model, which is a kind of loneliness and self-worship, so poets often use "Qing Yi" to express the charm of plum blossom, such as Lin Hejing's famous poem "Mei Wife Crane" in Song Dynasty: "The shadow is oblique, the water is shallow, and the fragrance floats at dusk." "Qing Yi" is not only the character of ancient hermits, but also the traditional cultural character of literati. Plum blossom shows a quality of the poet, so the poet cherishes it all the more.
Plum blossom is famous for its delicacy, which symbolizes seclusion and indifference, loyalty and self-control. The temperament and charming and extraordinary image of "a strategically located building outshines others" make the poet look forward to a deep encounter with plum blossoms with infinite admiration and imagination: "Snow is all over the mountains, and beauty under the forest comes in the moonlight." The Leng Xiang color of plum blossom contains moral spirit and personality value, so it is deeply cherished by poets.
Second, orchids
The empty valley breeds orchids, and the most fascinating thing about orchids is "seclusion". Because it grows in the deep Shan Ye Valley, it can wash away its beautiful and fragrant posture and maintain its natural beauty with a clear and plain fragrance. This kind of "seclusion" which is neither lonely nor fragrant not only belongs to Lin Quan's hermit temperament, but also is a kind of cultural universality, a gentleman's demeanor of "people don't know what to do", an open mind that does not seek career access, fame and fortune, but only ambition in the chest, symbolizing the quality of alienating dirty politics and preserving their beautiful personality. Orchids never flatter people, and they don't want to be transplanted to busy cities. Once they leave the quiet pure land, they will inevitably be defiled by dirt. Therefore, orchids are only suitable to bloom in secluded places and in the ideal realm of poets.
Zheng Sixiao, a poet in the Song Dynasty, lived in seclusion in Wuzhong (now Suzhou) after the Southern Song Dynasty. In order to show that he has not forgotten his old country, he sits and lies facing south. He often painted "Rugen Orchid", with pure pen and ink and sparse branches and leaves. The roots of Orchid are gardening and there is no soil, which means that great rivers and mountains are trampled by foreigners, showing his integrity of not wanting to live on the land of the Yuan Dynasty and not colluding with the rulers. Only a few strokes, but full of blood and tears. Ni Zan once wrote a poem for him: "Only the south heart will not change, and tears will write Li Sao." Therefore, the poet Ai Lan painted orchids to express his personality through orchids. In the chastity and beauty of orchids, it is a spiritual character to identify himself.
Third, bamboo.
The rustle of bamboo in the breeze and the sparse shadow of jathyapple deeply touched the poet, and the green character of bamboo in the gale and frost guided the poet, so most literati's houses in China planted bamboo. Prince Phthalein said, "How can you live without this gentleman for a day!" " Su Dongpo said: "Eating without meat is better than living without bamboo. No meat makes people thin, no bamboo makes people vulgar. People are thin and fat, but ordinary people are incurable. " Simple and straightforward language shows that the long-standing cultural spirit has penetrated into the bone marrow of literati.
The bright moon is like frost, and the breeze is like water. In the cool leisure room, the bamboos are humming in sequence, tall and straight, green and dripping, engaging and lovely, with both the iron skeleton of Meiling's cold and proud snow and the noble and blue color. With its personality of "strength", "emptiness" and "desolation", the poet fully savors his gentlemanly demeanor. Its "strong festival" stands for unyielding festival *; Its vanity represents a humble mentality, and its simplicity represents the poet's transcendence.
Fourth, chrysanthemums
If fighting against the frost and snow of winter plum is a martyr's indomitable personality and an independent feeling of an aristocratic scholar, then Qiu Jucai has the characteristics of both a martyr and an aristocratic scholar. In late autumn, under the setting sun, beside the hedge, clusters of yellow bows are proudly open, not afraid of severe frost and loneliness, regardless of origin, showing valuable quality.
For more than 2,000 years, the two personality spirits of Confucianism and Taoism have been influencing the literati in China, and most of the literati have the idea that "poverty is the only way to protect themselves, and wealth is the way to help the world". Although the world is difficult and the literati have the desire to retire, their optimistic attitude and cheerful and enterprising temperament always make them refuse to give up their lofty goals, and chrysanthemum is the best embodiment of this humanistic character. Poets who chant chrysanthemums can be traced back to Qu Yuan in the Warring States Period. Since Tao Yuanming recited chrysanthemum affectionately in Jin Dynasty, chrysanthemum, as a symbol of dual personality of literati, has appeared in poetry and painting for thousands of years. That kind of rushing and quiet evacuation temperament is consistent with the spiritual peace that the poet gained after his anguish and hesitation. Therefore, appreciating chrysanthemums has become a spiritual proof that a gentleman enjoys himself and cultivates both Confucianism and Taoism.
The four gentlemen are like this, shouldn't we be like this?