And became the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties.

Han Yu (768~824) was a writer and philosopher in the Tang Dynasty. Return the word. A native of Changli, Henan (now Mengxian), his ancestral home is Han Changli, and he served as assistant minister of the official department in his later years, also known as the official department of Han Dynasty. Posthumous title "Wen", also known as Han Wengong, is a descendant of the nobles in the Northern Wei Dynasty, and his father Zhong Qing is a small bureaucrat. Han Yu lost his father at the age of 3. Raised by my brother Han Hui. Later, he was exiled to Guangdong with the Korean Association. After my brother died, my sister-in-law Zheng and I returned to Heyang. Later moved to Xuancheng. He studied at the age of 7, and he can write at the age of 65, 438+03, and studied under Du Guji and Liang Su.

As the old saying goes, at the age of 20, I went to Chang 'an to study, but I didn't get the third test. At the age of 25, he was admitted to imperial academy and failed in three tests. He went to Jin Dong in Bianzhou and Zhang Jianfeng in Xuzhou as shogunate, and then went to the capital as a doctor. At the age of 36, he was appointed as a censor, and was demoted to Yangshan order for writing a letter about drought and hunger, demanding the reduction of corvee tax and accusing the government of failure. Shunzong acceded to the throne, using Wang clique to carry out political reform, but holding an opposing position. Xian zong acceded to the throne, was pardoned, returned to the north, and became a doctor in Guo Zi. He changed the Henan order, became a foreign minister, and passed through the official to the right bastard of the prince. Because of the confrontation with eunuchs and powerful people, the official has been frustrated. At the age of 50, he pacified the Yuanji rebellion in Huaixi Wu from Pei Du, served as a marching Sima, and promoted the idea of strengthening centralization and opposing separatism in the buffer region. After being appointed, Huai Xiping was promoted to assistant minister of punishments. He rejected Buddhism all his life. In the 14th year of Yuanhe (8 19), Xian Zong welcomed the Buddha's bones into Da-nei and tried his best to dissuade them, so he was demoted to Chaozhou Secretariat. Move to Yuanzhou. Shortly after returning to China, Li Guan took up some important positions, such as offering wine to Guozi, assistant minister of the Ministry of War, assistant minister of the official department and so on. At that time, assistant minister of the Ministry of War, the town of Wang Ting, rebelled. He went to Fu Xuan and succeeded. In this final stage, there are more political successes. Throughout his life, Han Yu has made great achievements in politics and literature, among which literature is the main achievement. Since the Wei and Jin Dynasties, they have opposed parallel prose and advocated ancient prose, and they have fought fiercely for a long time. Due to the advocacy of Liu Zongyuan and others, the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty was finally formed, which opened up the development path of ancient prose since the Tang and Song Dynasties. His poems have unique achievements and have an important influence on the development of Song poetry. Han Yu's anthology was compiled by his disciple Li Han, and the other was compiled by Song people. Among the existing Korean ancient books, The Collected Works of Mr. Changli and The Collected Works of Five Hundred Phonetic Changes, edited by Wei Huaizhong of South Song Qingyuan, are the best, among which many lost old notes of Song people are preserved and photocopied. At the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, Collected Works of Mr. Changli and Collected Works of Waiji by □ were the most widely circulated versions after the second edition of Dong Ya Tang by Xu in the Ming Dynasty. The book completely records Zhu's textual research and extracts 500 notes. Liao's original engraving is photocopied today. There are two kinds of single-line poems in Qing Dynasty: Gu's Notes on Mr. Changli's Poems and Fang Shiju's Notes on the Chronology of Han Changli's Poems. Qian Zhonglian's Annotation of Han Changli's Poems in the Year is another year's collection of notes. In Song Dynasty, Fang Yiqing's Han Ji Ju Zheng and Zhu's Han Wen Kao Yi, Qing Dynasty's Han Ji Dian Kan, Wang's Reading Han Ji Yi, Shen Qinhan's Han Ji Bu Zhu and Fang Cheng's Han Zheng, and Xu Zhen's Han Ji Zhu. Han Yu's life story can be found in Huangfu □ Epitaph of Mr. Han Changli, Han Gonggong Tombstone and Li Ao's Han Gongxing, which are the most original materials. Zhu also made detailed comments on the old and new editions of Tang Shu. There are several chronologies and chronologies, among which Zi Han Chronology written by Song Hongxingzu is the most detailed. Qin Fangqing's Chronological Examination was engraved after all the articles of Hongpu. His research works such as Compilation of Moths, Collection of Nest Classics and Miscellany by Yu are of academic value. The relevant parts of Zhao Yi's Poems in Oubei, Fang's Poems and Lin Shu's Korean Studies are representative works of poetry criticism. The most famous single paper is On Han Yu by close friend Chen Yinque.

This is the address of the complete works of Han Yu.

2. The following statement about literary and cultural common sense is incorrect () (3 points) A. "Eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties.

D

Test analysis: "Spring Festival" is not a solar term, but a traditional festival in China.

Comments: Literary common sense, as its name implies, refers to all kinds of common sense covering culture, including writers, years, works, geographical and historical allusions and stories in literature, as well as literary habits familiar to ordinary people. Literary common sense can improve people's literary accomplishment, improve people's cultural image, and mastering more literary common sense is of great significance for us to become literate people. Therefore, accumulate more reserves, consciously and actively quote and apply literary common sense, so that these precious national literary essences can be integrated into their own blood and become part of their emotional attitudes and values. In the process of learning, we can classify the authors, genres and protagonists of literary works to prevent confusion. Read and memorize the contents of famous chapters.

3. What about Han Yu's literary achievements?

Han Yu (768~824 AD) was a famous philologist in the middle Tang Dynasty.

To put it bluntly, Nanyang people in Dengzhou (now Meng County, Henan Province) are called "Han Changli" because of their ancestral home in Changli (now Hebei Province). When he was young, he was lonely and poor. At the age of 25, he became a scholar and officially entered the official career at the age of 29.

In his early years, his career was bumpy and he was repeatedly relegated. In his later years, he served as an assistant minister in the official department and made more achievements in politics. Han Yu's achievements in literature are mainly in prose, which Su Shi called "the decline of eight generations of literature".

Han Yu and his political enemy Liu Zongyuan advocated "ancient prose" and formed a massive ancient prose movement. Finally, "ancient prose" gradually replaced "modern prose" (parallel prose) and spread for thousands of years.

While putting forward this theory, Han Yu himself also wrote a lot of essays on philosophy, politics and literature and some ancient prose. In terms of language, Han Yu, who is good at using predecessors' idioms flexibly, has created a literary language that is suitable for the times and universal.

In style, his writing is bold and bold, magnificent and refreshing to read. Han Yu's prose has a far-reaching influence on later generations. Later generations listed him as the first of the "Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties", and also mentioned him together with Du Fu, calling it "North Korea's Du Fu Poems".

In addition to prose, Han Yu, as a poet, is also a leader among the middle Tang poets. He also created the poetic style of "reasoning poetry school", which played a leading role in the transformation of poetic style in Song Dynasty.

4. Fill in the blanks with literary common sense

An analysis of Bai Juyi's ancient prose movement: the ancient prose movement refers to the stylistic reform movement characterized by advocating ancient prose and opposing parallel prose in the middle of Tang and Song Dynasties.

Because it involves the ideological content of literature, it has the nature of ideological movement and social movement. The concept of "ancient prose" was first put forward by Han Yu.

He regarded the parallel prose that emphasized rhythm, rhetoric and parallelism since the Six Dynasties as popular prose, and thought that his prose inherited the tradition of articles in the Han Dynasty, so it was called "ancient prose". Han Yu advocated ancient prose in order to restore the Confucian orthodoxy in ancient times and turn the reform of writing style and the revival of Confucianism into a complementary movement.

When advocating ancient prose, we further emphasize the necessity of civilized Taoism. Besides Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan in the Tang Dynasty, Ouyang Xiu, Wang Anshi, Ceng Gong, Su Xun, Su Shi and Su Zhe in the Song Dynasty are also representatives.

Test center: recite common sense of literature. The ability level is to recite a.

5. Cultural knowledge

Ancient Astronomical Four Elephants The ancients divided twenty-eight lodges into four directions: east, north, west and south. The seven huts on each side are imagined as four animal images, called four elephants.

The seven nights in the East are like dragons flying in the night sky in spring and early summer, so they are called the Oriental Black Dragon. The seven nights in the north appear like snakes and turtles in the night sky in summer and early autumn, so it is called North Xuanwu. The seven-night tiger in the west jumped out of the night sky in late autumn and early winter, so it was called the West White Tiger. South Seven Nights is like a Suzaku spreading its wings and flying, appearing in the night sky in winter and early spring, so it is called South Suzaku. The nickname of the moon is the most prominent description object of natural objects mentioned in ancient poems.

Its nicknames can be divided into: (1) Because the first moon is like a hook, it is called a silver hook and a jade hook. (2) Because the string moon is like a bow, it is called jade bow and bow moon.

(3) The full moon is called golden wheel, jade wheel, silver plate, jade plate, golden mirror and jade mirror because it is like a wheel, a plate and a mirror. (4) It is said that there are rabbits and toads on the moon, so they are called silver rabbits, jade rabbits, golden toads, silver toads and the moon.

(5) According to legend, there are laurel trees in the middle of the month, so they are called Gui Yue, Guilun, Guigong and Guiling. (6) According to legend, there are Guanghan Palace and Qing Xu Palace in the middle of the month, so it is called Guanghan and Qing Xu.

(7) Because it is said that the moon drives the gods, it is called Wang Shu. It is said that Chang 'e lives in the middle of the month, so the moon is called Chang 'e.

(9) Because people often compare beautiful women to the moon, they call the moon Chanjuan. Ancient Geographical Rivers Many ancient articles specifically mentioned the Yangtze River and the Yellow River.

For example, "The Hongmen Banquet": "Generals fight against Henan and ministers fight against Hebei." "On Qin": "Then we will strengthen the city, because the river is a pool."

In Dedicated to Sister, "Jiang" refers to the Yangtze River and "He" refers to the canal. Xihe River is also called Hexi and the area west of Yellow River.

Such as "Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru": "It must be outside the Xihe River." On Qin: "So the Qin people surrendered and took the Xijiang River."

Jiangdong lies to the east of the Yangtze River. For example, Li Qingzhao said in a poem: "I miss Xiang Yu so far and refuse to cross Jiangdong."

Battle of Red Cliffs: "I am also a father and brother, leaving Jiangdong." Jiangzuo is Jiangdong.

The ancients Zuo Dong right west. "Heroes will be recruited by Jiang Gan": "That is, the order is to call Jiang Zuoying Jie to pick up his children."

The river is south of the Yangtze River. Battle of Red Cliffs: "Jiang is a hero, and salt is attached to it."

Jiangnan is the general name of the area south of the Yangtze River, and the areas referred to vary from time to time. Bai Juyi said: "Jiangnan is good, and the scenery has been cooked."

Wang Anshi's poem says, "Spring breeze is green in Jiang Nanan. When will the bright moon shine on me? " Huaizuo, east of Huaishui.

"Yangzhou Slow" "Huai Zuo Du Ming, Zhu Xi Jia Chu", Yangzhou is in the east of Huai River. Shandong, as its name implies, is to the east of the mountain.

However, it should be noted that because the "mountain" of "Shandong" can refer to several different mountains such as Lushan, Huashan, Taihang Mountain and Taishan Mountain, the areas referred to are not the same. The following is the standard "Shandong" of Lushan Mountain.

For example, Hanshu once mentioned that "Shandong produces a map and Shanxi produces a general". Hongmen Banquet: "When Pei Gong lived in Shandong, he was greedy for money."

"On Qin": "Shandong Haojun rises together and Qin family dies." The ancient Kanto refers to the area east of Hanguguan or Tongguan, and the modern refers to the northeast area east of Shanhaiguan.

Cao Cao's "Hao Li Xing": "There are righteous men in Kanto, fighting for the heroes." Refers to the area east of Tongguan.

Kansai refers to the area west of Hanguguan or Tongguan. Battle of Red Cliffs: "Ma Chao and Han Sui are still in Kansai, which is the future trouble of Cao Cao."

Guanzhong refers to different areas, and the ancients used to call the area west of Hangu Pass Guanzhong. "The Hongmen Banquet": "Pei Gong wants to be the king of Guanzhong and make Zi Ying the phase."

"On Qin": "The heart of the first emperor thought it was fixed in Guanzhong." In ancient China, there were four chronologies: (1) the chronology of the year when princes ascended the throne.

Count the years according to the years of the prince's reign. Biography of Lian Po: "In the sixteenth year of Huiwen, Lian Po was General Zhao."

(2) the number of years and the method of years. There has been a title since Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.

Since then, every emperor has to change the throne and mark the year with the year number. Such as Pipa Xing and Ten Years of Yuanhe.

(3) chronology of major branches. Such as "Five Tombstones": "In memory of the arrest of Duke Zhou, I hope Ding Mao will be in March."

(4) The year number should be both a stem and a branch. When the year is numbered, the emperor's year is put in front, and the cadres and branches are listed behind.

There were three lunar calendar methods in ancient China: ordinal lunar calendar method. For example, "Herb Picking": "March flowers in the flat land, April flowers in the deep mountains."

Earth-supported lunar method. The ancients used to call the twelve earthly branches twelve months, and each earthly branch had a specific word "sword" in front of it.

For example, Du Fu's poem "Caotang is a thing" said: "A deserted village builds a moon, and an old woman's family is alone." "Zhuziyue" refers to the November of the lunar calendar according to the method of Zhou Dynasty. Seasonal calendar method.

Such as "Nineteen Ancient Poems": "When Meng Dong is cold, why is the north wind sad?" "Meng Dong" stands for October of the lunar calendar.

In ancient China, there were four main methods to record the days: sequential method. "Ji Xiang Xuanzhi": "On the night of March 5, the moon is half."

"March 5th" refers to the 15th day of the lunar calendar. Main and branch calendars.

For example, the Battle of Dishes: "In summer and April, Xin Si was defeated by Dishes." "Xin Si in April" refers to the lunar calendar method on April 13th of the lunar calendar.

Refers to the use of "new moon, non-,prosperous, both prosperous and beneficial" to mark the day. The first day of each month is called the new moon, the third day of each month is called the moon, and the middle of the month is called the moon (the fifteenth day of a small month and the sixteenth day of a big month). The day after the moon is called hope, and the last day of each month is called cloudy.

With both stems and branches, and the moon. Before the dry support is placed, after the moon phase is arranged.

There were two main timing methods in ancient China: weather timing method. The ancients originally divided a day and night into twelve hours according to the change of the sky. Their names are: Midnight, Crow, Pingdan, Sunrise, Food Time, Horn (Yu), Sun, Sun (Death), Sun (Divination), Sunrise, Dusk, and Man's Decision.

For example, "Peacock flies southeast": "Chickens crow into the weaving and can't rest every night." "Lonely people will settle down after dusk."

Geocentric chronology. The twelve earthly branches represent the change of twelve o'clock in a day and night.

There are three situations in which people use their first names: (1) call themselves by their first names. Such as "Within five steps, please ask the king to spill blood on his neck" and "Luling Wen Tianxiang preface his poems".

(2) for introduction or biography. For example, "Sui and Lu Su are both interested in Sun Quan" and "Liu Jingting is from Taizhou".

(3) people who are disgusted and despised. For example, "Unfortunately, Lu Shimeng is evil in the former, but flattering in the latter".

The ancients were young when they praised the word.

6. Common sense of culture and literature in Tang and Song Dynasties

1, Yang Jiong, Lu, Luo

2. Wang Changling, Cen Can and Cui Hao

3. Chen Hong's Song of Eternal Sorrow, Zhen Wu's Biography of Yingying, Li's Biography of Liu Yi and Bai Xingjian's Biography of Li Wa.

4. "Drunk"

5, Wu Dai when the wind, slimming.

6. Liu Zhiji

7. Poetry and lyrics

8. Tones have a fixed frame, sentences have fixed numbers, and words have fixed sounds; Alto, long tone; Elegant words, bold words

9. Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan

1, the language is not amazing.

2. Natural sculpture

3. A pair of tearful eyes

You can get it by accident.

5. The sea clouds sparkle like palaces.

6. According to the ancients this month.

7. They crossed the Mirror Lake on the moon all night. The moon illuminates my shadow.

8. Lu You (word Wu Guan, number Shi Weng to show his children), Wen Tianxiang (word Wenshan, crossing Lingdingyang), Xin Qiji (word You 'an, alias Jia Xuan, Shui Long Yin Deng Jiankang Banquet Pavilion), Yue Fei (word,).

9. I often think of the sunset in Xiting and don't know how to get home. Always had a good time, but lost to the swimming pool deep in Zhu Feng. How to row a boat out, accidentally, but scared a group of Oulu.

7. What movement does Han Yu advocate in literature?

Han Yu (768 ~ 824 AD) was a great writer and philosopher in the Tang Dynasty.

The word goes back to Heyang, Henan (now south of Mengxian County, Henan Province). Because its county looks at Changli, it calls itself "Changli Hanyu", so later people call it "Hanchangli".

Zhenyuan was a scholar, and he was a subordinate officer several times, and later an official supervised the empire. Xian Zongchao, Wu Ping Yuanji, with Pei Du as assistant minister of punishments.

Because of remonstrance, Xian Zong welcomed the Buddha's bones and declined the secretariat of Chaozhou. Mu Zongshi is an assistant minister of the official department.

This posthumous title was later called "Han Wengong". He strongly advocated Confucianism in order to inherit Confucian orthodoxy and open the voice of Neo-Confucianism in Song and Ming Dynasties.

Resolutely oppose Buddhism and Taoism, and oppose the separatist regime in the buffer region. In literature, Han Yu is an advocate of the ancient prose movement, advocating inheriting the prose tradition of the pre-Qin and Han dynasties, opposing the parallel prose since the Six Dynasties, and emphasizing that the prose carries the Tao; He also advocated that "things can't be flat, then the sound is also"; Insist on making a statement and demand that the words be orderly.

These thoughts had a great influence on that time and later generations. Magnificent, thorough reasoning, strong logic and full of emotion.