Tess is the heroine in Tess of the D 'Urbervilles, the masterpiece of Thomas Hardy, a famous British critical realist writer in the19th century. Her tragedy made countless readers lament. There are many reasons for Tess's tragedy, and some factors in Tess's character are also important links that cause her unfortunate fate. Tess's tragedy is also the tragedy of her personality system.

Thomas Hardy is an outstanding English novelist and poet. His masterpiece Tess of the D 'Urbervilles tells the sad story of a poor and pure rural girl who was "seduced, abandoned and finally hanged for murder". Based on the outline of Tess's story, this paper discusses the causes of Tess's tragic fate from the author's creative thinking, social environment at that time, feminist perspective, family background and Tess's personality characteristics. This paper analyzes the image characteristics of Angel Clare and Alec D 'Urberville, two main characters in Tess's tragedy, which contains Hardy's philosophy and social thought, and has far-reaching significance.

Thomas Hardy is one of the most influential realist writers in the late Victorian England. In his most important novel Tess of the D 'Urbervilles, he reveals two factors that lead to the tragic fate of the heroine Tess: social environment and Tess's character.

Tess is a tragic hero carefully shaped and praised by Hardy. Focusing on the tragic character Tess, the author depicts the rich and profound spiritual world and inner activities of Tess, a beautiful and kind girl who lost her virginity, with bold realistic brushwork. The works reflect Tess's tragedy, besides other factors, there is also the tragedy of the contradiction between personality and social reality, and the tragedy of ideal personality. The simplicity, purity and kindness of Tess's inner world, her resistance to unreasonable society and her moral restraint to traditional conservatism all constitute Tess's character system, which makes Tess's tragic image vivid, touching and immortal.

Thomas Hardy is a cross-century English realistic writer. His novel Personality and Environment reflects the conflict between man and nature and between man and social environment. The tragic fate of the protagonist in Tess of the D 'Urbervilles is the result of the complex conflict between personality and environment. It is the social significance of Hardy's novels to analyze the cause and effect of tragedy and understand profound significance and philosophy. This paper attempts to explore the social roots of this tragedy through the analysis of Tess's personality characteristics.