This item belongs to the problem of paper signature. The first is to show the responsibility of writing, the second is to record the results of labor, and the third is to facilitate readers to contact the author and literature retrieval (author index). It can be roughly divided into two situations, single-author papers and multi-author papers. The latter is listed as the first author and the second author in the order of signature. It is important to adhere to the attitude of seeking truth from facts, and list those who have made the greatest contribution to research work and thesis writing as the first and second authors, and so on. It is also convenient for readers to contact the author by indicating the author's unit. (3) Generally, abstracts are required, some for international communication and some in foreign languages (mostly in English). It is a brief statement of the content of the paper, without comments or comments. Other uses are to obtain necessary information without reading the full text of the paper. It should include the following contents: ① the purpose and significance of this study; (2) the main content of the study, which shows what has been done; (3) The basic conclusions and research results highlight the originality of the paper; ④ The significance of the conclusion or result.

keyword

Keywords belong to a category of subject words. Subject words include not only keywords, but also narrative words of unit words and title words. Keyword is a new vocabulary of information retrieval language, which is used to describe the theme of literature and give information retrieval. It is precisely because of its appearance and development that it is possible to computerize information retrieval (computer retrieval). Keywords refer to words or phrases that distinguish things by the characteristic relationship of concepts, express in natural language, have collocation function and accurately express the dynamic semantic conceptual relationship between words. Keywords are keywords that mark the subject content of document construction, but have not been standardized. Keywords are words or terms selected from papers for document indexing to express the main contents and information items of the full text. A paper can choose 3~8 words as keywords.

The general selection method of keywords or subject words is that after the author finishes writing the paper, he first comes up with information or vocabulary that can express the main content of the paper. These residences or words can be found and selected from the title of the paper and the content of the paper. For example, in the last example, six keywords were selected, of which the first three were selected from the topic of the paper and the last three were selected from the content of the paper. The selection of the last three keywords supplements the main content information that the title of the paper fails to express, and also improves the conceptual depth involved. Need to choose, together with the keywords selected from the title, to form the keyword group of this paper.

The use of keywords and subject words is mainly to meet the needs of computer retrieval and international computer online retrieval. Adding "keywords" to publications has opened up a new way to improve the citation rate and increase the popularity of publications.

(5) Introduction (Introduction)

Introduction, also known as preface, belongs to the introduction part of the whole paper. Its writing contents include: reasons, purposes, background, previous work and knowledge gap, theoretical basis and experimental basis, expected results and its position, role and significance in related fields.

The text of the introduction should not be lengthy, the content selection should not be too scattered and trivial, and the wording should be refined to attract readers to continue reading. There is no rigid and uniform regulation on the length of introduction, but it needs to be determined according to the size of the whole paper and the needs of the content of the paper. It can be as long as 700~800 words or 1000 words, or as short as 1000 words.