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With the promulgation of the new syllabus, kindergarten curriculum reform has entered a new stage. The Outline puts forward the educational thought of "people-oriented", which fully embodies this goal in the scientific field. The value orientation of science education no longer focuses on static knowledge transmission, but on children's emotional attitude and their ability to explore and solve problems, as well as their active communication and harmonious development with others and the environment.
Keywords: life-oriented, independent exploration of diversity
First, the content and generation of life.
1, the content of life
The life-oriented content of preschool science education is what we have been pursuing. In my opinion, education should integrate educational goals into activities that children are interested in in in time, and realize its educational value in activities that children are interested in.
2. Interest and content generation
Interest or motivation is a lasting motivation for people to enjoy certain activities or try to understand something. Dewey said that children have the instinct to investigate or explore. Therefore, education should develop and utilize the things that children are interested in and the problems they want to explore, and extend them to the content of children's science education, protect and cultivate children's precious curiosity and inquiry interest, and generate scientific activities.
Second, the process should guide children to explore actively.
Children's minds have not been truly liberated, and they always operate under the command of teachers. This is a "spoon-feeding" teaching method, which must be completely changed.
What a teacher should do most is to mobilize the initiative of children's participation and let them really participate in autonomous inquiry learning. I think we should do the following:
1, let children have questions or doubts. Finding problems is the source to encourage children to explore and learn independently. With questions, they naturally want to find answers. At this time, the child began to enter a state of independent inquiry. Only driven by this curiosity can we arouse children's urgent thirst for knowledge and urge them to actively participate in inquiry activities.
2. Encourage children to guess and explain with their existing experience, and explain, guess and judge the problems and questions they encounter. This is a process for children to mobilize their original experience and understanding, which makes it possible for children to explore better in the next step.
3. Let children try boldly and verify their ideas. The children come to a conclusion through their own exploratory experiments, and match the observed results with the dribs and drabs learned in life. If the result is the same as what you think, then you can strengthen your understanding of the original knowledge. If the experimental results contradict children's pre-explanation, it will prompt children to adjust their original understanding, make new explanations and construct new knowledge.
Third, the sustainability and versatility of educational value.
1, the key to measure the success or failure of science education activities lies in whether science education activities can make children achieve sustainable development and whether they are of great significance to children's lifelong learning and development. Specific performance in:
(1) First of all, cultivate children's curiosity and strong thirst for knowledge; Secondly, encourage children to turn the experience gained in the process of finding, analyzing and solving problems into their own knowledge. This is of great significance to children's lifelong development and learning.
(2) In scientific activities, children are bound to gain a lot of new understanding of things in independent inquiry activities, but this should not be the main purpose pursued by teachers. As teachers, we should always bear in mind that "man is the purpose of education", and we should not sacrifice children's interest in inquiry in order to acquire knowledge.
2, multifaceted
Scientific activities make children get in close contact with nature, gain knowledge in life, and be verified in practice. The educational value realized from them is various.
(1) Cultivate children's interest in inquiry, so that children can gain an understanding of the surrounding world and acquire new knowledge in the process of inquiry. Close to nature, every grass and tree, clouds, sand waves, tall buildings, birds and animals in the starry sky have deeply attracted children. They not only observe with their eyes, but also feel with their ears, hands, nose and whole heart, and discover the beauty and mystery of the shape, color, order and change of many beautiful things around them. What is realized is the cognitive value of science education.
(2) The following goals of scientific activities are to realize the social value and aesthetic value of scientific education activities: scientific activities can make children close to life, effectively discover, analyze and solve problems from life, constantly communicate the connection between life and what they know in their brains, and gradually overcome the psychological obstacles in learning, thus arousing children's strong curiosity and urgent thirst for knowledge, which can not only improve the presentation of children's teaching content, but also encourage children to actively explore and operate independently.
Fourth, the diversity and flexibility of organizational methods.
1. Combination of group activities and collective activities For a long time, organized group activities have been the main or even the only channel for children's science education activities. Many teachers believe that science education is a very formal and rigorous educational activity, which can only be carried out through the procedures and steps designed by teachers in advance. This teaching method is not conducive to children's own development, nor does it conform to the characteristics of children's understanding of new things. Too rigid teaching methods are not conducive to arouse children's interest in learning and to let children actively participate in teaching activities. Attention should be paid to children's spontaneous activity groups and children's individual ideas. Teachers should vigorously support and guide children to actively participate in activities, which is also conducive to the formation of collective activities.
2. Children's scientific activities flexibly penetrate into children's daily activities. Because children don't know much about the things around them, curiosity and doubt about the time around them should always exist. Therefore, I think children's science education should be more random education, which should be carried out anytime and anywhere in children's lives. Outdoor activities: ants and various insects move on the ground; Different flowers and plants, unknown animals and plants, etc. It will attract children's attention and make them have many questions. At this time, children have many opportunities to actively explore and learn.
In short, children's teaching activities should focus on guiding children to actively explore and learn, so that children can establish their own understanding of the material world in their interest life.
This teaching method is a challenge and reform to the traditional "indoctrination" teaching method, which is not only conducive to the development of children's understanding, but also conducive to the cultivation of children's personality quality, and can make the classroom full of vitality!
Small Papers on Science Education in Kindergarten
First, the personality problems in early childhood education
1, the child's dishonest character
The formation of children's dishonest character is due to lack of responsibility and fear of being punished. Children's dishonest character is closely related to family education. Some parents will cajole their children into doing certain behaviors, making wishes at will, but not fulfilling them, resulting in children's lack of trust in their parents. In the long run, children themselves have developed a dishonest character. In addition, some improper methods of preschool teachers' education will also make children lie, and it often happens that children lie to escape punishment after doing something wrong.
2. Children's introverted personality
There are not a few introverted children. Introverted children are not good at communicating with others, which is extremely unfavorable for children to step into society when they grow up. Introverted children are taciturn and not good at expressing themselves. They usually solve their own problems and are unwilling to share them with others. In the long run, it will be extremely unfavorable to children's physical and mental health. When children grow up, it will be more difficult to cooperate in groups, and it will not be easy to integrate into groups, which will have a great impact on future development.
3. Children's timid character
Some parents often fight in front of their children, and gradually let their children develop a timid character. Once a child is bullied by other children after entering the park, it will aggravate the development of his timid character. Children's timid character is not conducive to their future development, nor to communication with others. Therefore, children's timid personality is one of the problems that restrict their growth. The boy's timid character makes him lack of responsibility and responsibility.
4. Children's impulsive personality
A child's impulsive personality is extremely unfavorable to his growth. Impulse is mainly manifested in making judgments and taking actions without a comprehensive understanding of things. Many facts have proved that most of the actions made under impulse are incorrect. Children's impulse is mainly manifested in the use of violence and other means to force a solution when they are at odds with others. This impulsive personality is not conducive to children's learning knowledge and is extremely unfavorable to their future development.
Second, early childhood education, character training countermeasures
1, the cultivation of children's honest character
Honesty means that people's words and deeds are consistent with their hearts. To educate children in good faith is to make them tell the truth, dare to admit their mistakes, not lie and not shirk their responsibilities. Children's honest character is formed in acquired education. The story of "Ceng Zi killing pigs" is widely circulated. In order to maintain trust in his youngest son, Ceng Zi proved this point with practical actions, which is worth learning from parents. The relationship between parents and children should be sincere trust. Only in this way can children get the right family education. Preschool teachers also need to be sincere to their children, so as to win their trust and cultivate their honest character. Preschool teachers need to adopt correct educational methods in the process of education, so that children dare to bear mistakes.
2. The cultivation of children's extroversion.
Children with extroverted personality are more active in style, like to associate with others, and are good at sharing their pain and happiness with others. The cultivation of children's extroversion needs to be consciously carried out.
(1) Pay attention to children's health. The good development of children's body and intelligence is the foundation of children's extroversion, so we should create a good living environment for children so that they can eat enough nutrition and grow up healthily.
(2) Strengthen the care for children, children are eager to be cared for, and adults who meet this demand will make children happier and more lively. Therefore, preschool teachers and parents should pay more attention to emotional care for children in preschool education;
(3) By adopting the correct educational methods, kindergarten teachers should pay attention to observing children's personality characteristics and communicate with introverted children to help them integrate into the group and gradually develop a lively personality.
3. Cultivate children's brave character
Courage refers to the spirit of going forward for the goal without fear of difficulties. People's courage and self-confidence are the basis for overcoming all obstacles. The cultivation of children's brave character needs to be carried out from an early age, and family education is particularly important for the cultivation of children's brave character. Parents should create a good atmosphere for their children and let them gradually develop brave character in a harmonious family environment. The cultivation of children's brave character can be carried out by speaking and performing in front of groups. Parents can lead their children to often participate in outdoor activities and let them choose their favorite sports. In outdoor practice, children will encounter various situations. Children can overcome all kinds of difficulties with their parents and let them gradually exercise their perseverance and courage. First, we should cultivate children correctly through the power of example. Children's brave character has been cultivated in infancy. In the process of children's growth, the education of adults to children is completed through the power of example. Children gradually develop their brave character by observing the behavior of adults. For example, children's parents are brave people, and children gradually become brave people by imitating their parents' words and deeds in daily life. In addition, in the way of education, parents and teachers of young children should pay attention to taking correct measures to prevent children from being accused, ridiculed or even intimidated at will in their daily work, which will have a negative impact on their physical and mental health and prevent them from developing a timid character. Second, create opportunities to cultivate children's brave character. Children's good character needs to be consciously cultivated in their daily work, and brave character is no exception. Therefore, parents and kindergarten teachers need to create all opportunities for their children to cultivate their brave character, and consciously cultivate their children's qualities of overcoming difficulties and going forward in daily life and study. Third, gradually guide children to become brave people through literary works. Preschool teachers and parents can explain to children what is brave and reckless by introducing brave characters in literary works. For example, in the explanation of Journey to the West, parents can combine the Monkey King's bravery with Zhu Bajie's recklessness to give their children an image understanding.
4. Cultivate children's calm personality
The healthy growth of children needs to get rid of impulsive personality and gradually cultivate children's calm personality. A child's calm personality plays a great role in his study. Most children are impulsive, and calm personality is a high pursuit for children, but it has a positive effect on their growth. Parents and teachers should consciously cultivate children's ability to think quietly, so that children can gradually develop a calm personality. The importance of personality shaping in early childhood education To sum up, in the process of children's growth, their personality development is influenced by their own factors and external factors. The influence of parents and teachers on children is particularly important, so parents and teachers should set a correct example for their children, infect them through their words and deeds, and gradually form a good character. This paper starts with the present situation of character cultivation in early childhood education, and then expounds the problems of children's character from four aspects, namely, children's dishonest character, children's introverted character, children's timid character and children's impulsive character. Finally, it reveals the countermeasures of character cultivation in early childhood education. The cultivation of children's good character is closely related to early childhood education. The exploration of this paper aims to make more people pay attention to the importance of shaping children's character.
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