Social security system is a basic system in modern countries, and its perfection has become one of the important symbols of social civilization and progress. Social security work is directly related to the vital interests of the people and the overall situation of ensuring the stable development of reform, opening up and economic construction. Whether the social security system is sound or not and whether the legal system in this respect is complete will directly affect the country's economic development and social stability.
Under the condition of market economy, market competition will inevitably lead to some workers being forced to quit or temporarily quit their jobs, which will bring economic and living difficulties to themselves and their families and require the state to provide living security. Members of society also need material help or relief from the state to maintain the basic needs of themselves and their families in the case of old age, infirmity, disease, disability and disaster. In recent years, China has made great progress in establishing and perfecting the social security system, but it still faces severe challenges such as aging population, accelerating urbanization and increasingly diversified forms of employment. In order to achieve the goal of building a harmonious socialist society, a series of measures should be taken to establish and improve various social security systems in the future.
Expand the coverage of social security and gradually establish a social security system covering all urban and rural workers. Judging from the development of social security system in developed countries, social security initially only covered industrial workers, and then gradually extended to commercial and tertiary workers, civil servants and agricultural workers, self-employed workers and small business owners, and even the spouses of salaried workers. Expanding the scope of social security and gradually covering all workers in urban and rural areas is the long-term goal of social security system construction in China, and it is also an inevitable requirement to realize the fairness of social security system.
Reasonably determine the level of payment, so that the level of social security can adapt to the level of economic development. China is a developing country. According to the fact that China has a large population, aging age structure, low per capita GDP and heavy social security burden in the future, and considering the serious shortage of social security resources at the national level, social security expenditure will increase substantially in the economic downturn. Therefore, when expanding the coverage of social security, the starting point of payment should be relatively low, and the beneficiaries of social security system can only enjoy a low level of social security as a whole. Low security and wide coverage should be the long-term policy choice of China's social security system.
In view of the diversification of national security needs, establish a diversified social security model. On the basis of learning from foreign advanced experience, China should pay attention to combining its national conditions and national strength to establish a social security model with China characteristics. The current situation of China's economic and social development determines that the basic security system established by the state can only play a basic role, and solving the basic living problems of citizens when they encounter income risks cannot meet people's diverse needs. In this way, it is very important to choose other protection schemes besides the supplementary insurance or basic protection encouraged by the government. The diversified social security model consists of multi-functional social assistance system and multi-level social insurance system, including the lowest level social insurance enforced by the state and supplementary insurance decided by payment or purchased voluntarily.
It is necessary to broaden the financing channels and realize the diversification of social security funds. In the past, social security funds were mainly raised by the pay-as-you-go system. This model is neither fair nor able to raise enough funds for future needs. With the development of economy and society, the life expectancy is prolonged, and the arrival of an aging society, people's requirements for quality of life and health are further improved. It is required that social security can not only embody the principle of self-reliance, but also raise enough funds for future use. This requires a diversified financing model, that is, a multi-source social security financing model with partial accumulation system as the main body, pay-as-you-go system and complete accumulation system, and personal account system, donation, lottery issuance and voluntary service, which can reduce management costs.
Strengthen social security legislation and form a legal, standardized and efficient social security operation and management system. Acting in accordance with the law is the basic requirement for improving the social security system. Only on the basis of law can the reform, operation and management of social security system develop fairly, efficiently and healthily.
Social security is a stabilizer and safety valve for maintaining social stability and national stability, which concerns the vital interests of the majority of social members. Therefore, establishing and perfecting the social security system is conducive to promoting the development of social productive forces and improving social welfare, thus maintaining social stability.