In the overall framework of accelerating the research on rural financial system reform in China, the research on land circulation and its mode is in a very important position. Because the rural land circulation system is an important factor restricting the development of rural economy. A perfect land circulation mechanism and a developed rural land market are conducive to broadening rural investment and financing channels and promoting the effective allocation of resources, and land trust is a new and effective land circulation model, which plays an increasingly important role in the process of land circulation. In this regard, foreign scholars have studied it from different angles. The following plan summarizes the existing research results abroad as our reference. The research on rural land trust abroad is reflected in the following aspects. I. Realization of Land Trust The application of basic trust forms needs to be based on clear definition of property rights and transferability of rights, and land trust is no exception. Foreign research on land trust can not be separated from this foundation. First of all, in the definition of land property rights, the research of western economics was based on private ownership at first, and it was believed that only complete private property rights could promote the rational circulation of production factors under the market mechanism; Only private ownership of land can realize land trust. Under the condition of private ownership of land, the establishment of land market is influenced by other factors and changes in commodity market. The emergence of rural non-agricultural labor market makes farmers who are marginal in agricultural human capital give up their land. When the financial market recognizes the guarantee function of land, the use of land trust will become an important source of agricultural capital elements. However, the evolution of western land property rights theory has experienced a change from emphasizing "ownership" to emphasizing "utilization". This trend is embodied as follows: in economic relations, land ownership is expressed as "pure land ownership"; In legislation, it changed the previous practice of giving priority to land ownership and began to pay attention to the effective use of resources and land development; Land ownership began to be gradually securitized [1]. At the same time, the idea that land use should conform to macro efficiency has gradually emerged. Some scholars actively advocate socialist and collectivist land ownership theory to replace absolute land ownership theory. For example, Germany's Huning pointed out in the teleology of law that the purpose of exercising ownership should be not only "personal interests" but also "social interests". French scholar Diji advocated the theory of "social association", arguing that "the existence of land ownership is not for the benefit of land owners, but only to enhance the social function of land owners and enhance the common needs of mankind". With the emergence of the so-called "modern land problem", the ownership idea of "coordination between individual and society" began to appear. Miehaelson of Australia pointed out that "ownership is only an exclusive right, not an individual right without interference". Some scholars summarize ownership as "an exclusive right rather than an absolute right". Western scholars also believe that the basic function of land property right system is to induce the behavior decision of the main body of agricultural economic activities through incentive mechanism, and then affect the performance of agricultural economic activities. In other words, what kind of land property rights system, rational people will make what kind of behavior to reflect. North pointed out: "The system constructs an incentive structure for people to exchange in politics, society or economy", "For unstable property rights, enterprises that implement poor laws, barriers to entry and monopolistic restrictions to maximize profits tend to have less fixed capital in a short time and will tend to be smaller. The most profitable industry may be trade redistribution or black market. This combination is difficult to lead to production efficiency "[2]. It can be seen that the research on land trust in the west is based on the premise of private land, which is different from the national situation in China where land ownership belongs to the state and farmers only have the right to use it, but it still has certain reference significance. Because land use right is a part of land property right, we can still establish the so-called "security property right system" by clarifying farmers' land use right, which can be applied to land trust as the basis of land transfer. Secondly, in terms of land transferability, foreign research is mainly about some countries in transition. Because the land property rights in these countries are not clear enough, the transfer of the right to use is subject to many restrictions, and the land cannot be transferred reasonably under the market mechanism, thus forming obstacles to the land trust under the complete market mechanism. These studies are of guiding significance to the reform of agricultural land system in China. Roy proste RMAN( 1996)[3] made a serious study on the rural land use system in China through on-the-spot investigation, and thought that the ownership of land use right was insufficient and the power was unclear. The land use right is insufficient, and it is impossible to transfer the land use right in a wider range. The transfer of land use right and ownership will make the allocation of resources more effective, stimulate deep investment in the development and utilization of land resources, and reduce farmers' risk aversion behavior. At the same time, it also puts forward: "Some places adopt administrative means to push financial theory and practice (bimonthly), No.2, 2007, No.2, 2007 (totalNo. 146). Yue, Liu Zhiren, etc. Foreign Rural Land Trust: The research status and reference to large-scale management, in addition to cognitive reasons, there is another important reason, that is, local governments and collective organizations can easily control rural land and make it non-land. However, Russia discussed several problems and differences in the transferability of agricultural land: technical requirements for potential landowners, restrictions on non-resident land ownership, restrictions on land transfer to mortgagees in the case of credit default, the upper limit of individual land ownership, land share and its transfer methods. The research suggests that such a transformation should be implemented in Russia: land shares can be transferred by purchase or lease, and the latter is more suitable. Land shares are an option, which can be sold, purchased and inherited. Shareholders have the absolute right to allocate land. This mechanism makes legal entities hope to acquire a large area of agricultural land to accumulate the required number of shares and then use them for distribution. The study also pointed out that leasing is a special supplementary mechanism in rural areas, and owners prefer to lease land shares rather than physical land. Supplement: The World Bank has also made a lot of efforts in rural land management reform in developing countries, and put forward the "Marketized Cultivated Land Reform" (MLAR) plan and the voluntary land transfer mechanism, calling for the implementation of land ownership and registration system, and clarifying land ownership. However, empirical studies by some foreign scholars show that although these measures have certain effects, they may not guarantee the smooth transfer of rural land. First, although this land ownership and registration system has greatly reduced ownerless land and promoted the supply of land with transferable property rights, it cannot guarantee the development of land property rights market. Because for profit-seeking lenders, proof of ownership is not a sufficient condition for obtaining loans, and a stable land income level is a more important determinant. In addition, farmers may be reluctant to use their land ownership as collateral. Therefore, the conclusion is that land ownership is not the only way to obtain the right to use, and a more flexible system should be established with reference to different backgrounds and local preferences (Dwniz Baharaglu, 2002)[5]. In addition, recently, some scholars (Saturnino M.Borras JR, 2005)[6] took the Philippines as an example, tested the variables related to the market-oriented farmland reform and the voluntary land transfer mechanism with empirical methods, and got a prediction result: the MLAR model used by the Philippines not only failed to promote the distribution reform, but also undermined the potential state-led land reform policy. This also reflects Dwniz Baharaglu's conclusion. From these studies abroad, it can be seen that in order to realize real land trust and effective land transfer, land use rights must be transferable. Of course, under the special background of China, this transferable form needs to be further explored. Second, the purpose and function of land trust Due to the private ownership and free circulation of land in western countries, in order to pursue higher economic interests, the use of rural land is changing, constantly changing from agricultural land to non-agricultural land. In order to protect land resources, many foreign scholars have studied the control of rural land use. For example, Donald M. Mcleod et al. (1999)[7] put forward three ways of land use control according to the reality of rural areas in the western United States: zoning, purchasing development rights and cluster development, and established a selection model of land use control methods. Land trust is used to protect land resources and public interests in practice. In the United States and Britain, the land trust organization, whether local, regional or national, is an influential non-profit organization. It cooperates with private landowners to protect their land in order to achieve the purpose of protecting and utilizing land or other public interests. Their work of protecting land is very important to the communities and regions where they engage in or assist in land transactions. These transactions include land acquisition, protection, management agreements or other benefits of actual assets that can be obtained from land. Supplement: Since then, western scholars have made an empirical study on this form of land transfer and established various decision-making models: Philip J. Bacon et al. (2002)[8] established a BN model based on Bayesian network theory of information economics, mainly to ensure the sustainability of rural land use. The model is mainly composed of four parts: personnel viewpoint, land type, land use choice, cost and income standard. This BN model is not an optimization model, but helps experts analyze data about land. The use of the model includes two stages: the first stage is about the standard of land type and the choice of land use, that is, evaluating the satisfaction with the current land use; The second stage is about changing the cost of land use, which needs to consider factors such as risk, bank interest, management and property right transfer. This can be used as a model to evaluate the satisfaction of land managers after changing land use. That is, the satisfaction of the change of cost payment period = the long-term expected satisfaction-the total change of cost/cost payment period. Julie Ann Gustanski (1999) [9] established the decision support model of land trust protection (ILCOS) based on ethics and economics, and he believed that the land use model was a reflection of the deep political, economic and cultural structure. Although the purpose of land trust is to protect land resources, each land trust institution has its own setting and area. Therefore, he gave an overall concept of the whole process of the ethical and economic policy model of land trust protection, and thus summarized the environmental model supported by land trust decision. The model consists of five modules: land use and environment, social economy, planning and acquisition evaluation, decision-making methods and positive decision-making. This model mainly puts forward and tests the causal relationship between land trust and private land protection in the United States and Britain, thus developing feasible decision support tools. In addition, Roger Coupal and Any Seidl(2003)[ 10] also studied the impact of land use selection based on taxation, and analyzed the related costs of developing agricultural land and rural residential land and its impact on the financial structure. Follow-up: Excuse me, Brother, what is the title of the book? What are the introductions?