? A Confucius said, "He is also filial to his younger brother, but few people like to make mistakes." It is not easy to make mistakes, but it is not easy to make mistakes. Gentleman's business is based on inheritance and Taoism. Filial piety is also the foundation of benevolence? "

? A son said: "It is rare that he is filial to his parents and loves his younger brother, but he likes to offend his superiors." People who don't like to offend their superiors but like to rebel have never been there. A gentleman is committed to grasping this foundation, and when it is established, there will be benevolence. Filial piety and love for your brother, this is the foundation of benevolence! "

I don't agree with this simple translation. The following will be elaborated one by one.

First of all, why can this article be placed in the second place in The Analects of Confucius? There should be several reasons:

1. Explain the purpose and method of learning.

? Although Confucian education emphasizes moral education, it is undeniable that the purpose of Confucius' training students is more to realize political ambitions than to enter politics. This is faced with the problems of what kind of people to train, where to start and how to govern. The answer is given here, that is, to nurture people with filial piety, starting with filial piety, and teaching people under the rule to become filial piety.

? 2. Son's status decision

Youzi: A student of Confucius, surnamed Youruo, is one of the "seventy-two sages" among Confucius disciples. He once put forward the theory that "courtesy is useful and harmony is precious". Because of his temperament and appearance, Confucius was deeply respected by his disciples after his death. In the Analects of Confucius, only Zeng Shen and You Ruo are called "Zi". So the Analects of Confucius was probably written by Zeng Shen and You Ruo, so I put his discussion in the second chapter, and then Ceng Zi.

What is the original intention of this passage? What kind of scene happened? Next, let's imagine the background and process of this discussion.

? Confucius has 3000 disciples, so it is impossible to teach all the contents, all the people and all the stages by himself. The advanced person at this time, the sage of Confucius education, will be a teaching assistant and guest teacher at the age of 72. On this day, especially if as one of the best, just gave a lecture to the new students. What are we going to talk about? Of course, talk about the purpose and basic methods of learning.

? This is probably like what the university said: Dear little brothers, our teacher advocates thinking and pays attention to teaching and learning. In the next study, I hope everyone can speak freely and make progress together. People who come here must have gone through the stage of ignorance and officially entered the university (the university at that time was probably the middle school today, and Confucius once said that he was interested in learning at the age of fifteen). Let me first talk about the ultimate goal of our research:

? The way of a university is to show virtue, to be new to the people and to be perfect.

? If a teacher makes the same mistakes as all new teachers, he likes to be tall in theory and can't connect with reality.

"Brother, can you speak more bluntly? We don't quite understand. " Some students listened to the fog cover in a daze and finally couldn't help asking questions.

? If you are helpless, you will sigh in your heart: "These younger brothers are far worse than previous sessions. The teacher is absolutely right. If you are above the middle class, you can also talk verbally. " Under the China people, not verbally. I still overestimate them. Let's put it in a more popular way. "

"To put it bluntly, when we come to be teachers, the first thing is to improve our self-cultivation and become social elites. The ultimate goal is to be an official in politics and realize his political ambitions by helping the emperor and the monarch to govern the place. Do you understand? "

? "We also want to be social elites, but how can we improve our self-cultivation?" Some students feel that there is no way to start.

"First of all, start from yourself and start from the side. The most basic thing is to be filial to your parents and love your younger brother. In this way, when you are in politics, you can be empathetic, provide for your old age, do something for your old age, and be young. Feel people's thoughts and don't forget your initiative. The people can convince you that your policy plan can be implemented. " If so, be persuasive.

"See, brother. But what you said is what we need to do now and how to do it politically in the future. We have never been an official, and many other disciples have no officials at home. Can you tell us? "

"Governing local governments should not aim too high and be complacent. When you begin to carry out drastic reforms, you must first keep the situation stable. Only when the society is stable can there be the basic conditions for development. " If you think it's good to teach your brother.

? "We understand this truth, but where do we start?" The younger brothers are not satisfied with the general theory, but are eager for concrete measures.

? "The so-called rule, is to rule the people. If you can let the people under your rule settle down, it will not be solved. " If you are not an official at this time, you still know the theory.

? "Brother, you'd better be more specific. We still feel unable to start. " The younger brothers get to the bottom of the matter.

"It is to start with educating and guiding the people, so that they sincerely yearn for stability and dare not be unstable."

"Brother, a person can't say popular. What's more, there are many injustices in today's society, many of which cannot be solved by those in power. Besides, no matter how good the plan is, it can't guarantee everyone's satisfaction. Is there a specific method? "

"Then we should start from the place where no one can object, start from the place where no one can raise objections, and do a good job in the ideological work of the people." If there are some concerns.

? "Brother, this is impossible, and no way can satisfy everyone. There will always be people who feel violated when one side is favorable. "

? "Who said that! One thing is that no one dares to raise objections, even if they disagree. " If you talk about it.

? "How did this happen?" They are very puzzled.

"Of course." Looking at everyone's eager and confused eyes, I am very complacent.

"Come on, brother." Everyone urged.

"Teach you to be filial to your parents, respect your brothers, be orderly, and respect your brothers and friends. It is rare to be filial to parents and love brothers, but like to offend superiors. People who don't like to offend their superiors but like to rebel have never been there. Everyone will not be in a mess, and the society will be basically stable. Even if there is no result, can you at least maintain stability? " If there is a comprehensive exposition in the end.

"I agree with my brother. Although the words of my parents and brothers are not necessarily correct, when people form the habit of filial piety and respect for their brothers, they will gradually form the habit of resignation, and when faced with the official regulations of violence, they will also habitually resign themselves to resignation. "

? If there is, it will be recognized by some people. I am proud to see everyone nodding their heads slightly. But what I said just now is a bit outrageous.

? "This is no one dare to put forward different opinions, but at most, it can guarantee family harmony and what is the relationship with social stability. Filial piety is the grace of parents to have children, and respecting my brother is because my brother has the meaning of care and protection. At present, many official regulations infringe on the interests of the bottom people. Why do you think people who are filial to their parents and respect their brothers will recognize officials? " Some students questioned.

"I just obey my parents because my family is inside, and sometimes because my parents raised me and the officials gave them any benefits, I just want them to obey. This is unrealistic. There are differences inside and outside, and filial people may not be innocent. " Someone still wants to fight.

? "Can anyone refute this brother's idea?" Ruolan is speechless and helpless. I have to find another way to think about brainstorming.

? "Brother, I think it is still a brother's point of view." Some people support if.

? "Little brother, tell me your reasons." If there is, I'm glad.

"Do you want to. A person who is filial to his parents and respects his brothers must attach importance to family ties. If he wants to make trouble, he must consider his relatives. As long as the method of sitting together is implemented, if one person has an accident and the whole family is accumulated, who dares to have an accident with the housekeeper? Unless he has no family, or he rebelled with his family. But there are not many such people after all, so as long as the people are educated to be filial to their parents and respect their brothers, they will be stable after forming habits. " A dark-headed conspiracy theorist put forward his own point of view.

This view makes everyone unable to refute and dumbfounded. After all, this view is not on the table.

? "I object! This is not done by a gentleman, which runs counter to the master's teaching. This is helping others! " At this age, after all, there are still many sincere people.

? The idea of "teacher younger brother is not desirable. Politicians are right', this method may bring temporary stability, but it will eventually lead to great disaster after a long time. "If you are speechless about this strange teacher younger brother.

? "That is to say, if the official policy is harmful to the people, do we also ask the people to abide by it? Do we learn from Confucius to help others and cultivate cowards and obedient people? " Although students are determined to go into politics, they are still civilians at present, and their position determines that they still refuse unprincipled obedience.

At first, I felt good to see everyone speaking enthusiastically, but the situation was a little out of control and deviated from the right path. I feel that I didn't lead enough at first, which made everyone's thinking too divergent and quickly pulled it back.

? "Ladies and gentlemen, listen to me. Master's point of view is,' If you don't do the right thing, you are brave.' Asking everyone to be brave is not to help others abuse, nor to make the people submit. I hope everyone will listen carefully again. It is rare that he is filial to his younger brother and likes to make mistakes. Those who are not good at making mistakes but are good at making trouble are not good at making mistakes. "Which teacher younger brother heard the point?"

? The class immediately quieted down and everyone began to think.

"I see, my brother emphasizes a' good' word, which means' it's rare that he is a filial brother and easy to offend; Those who are not good at making mistakes but are good at making trouble are not good at making mistakes. "instead of' rarely making mistakes, because he is also a filial brother; People who make a mess without making mistakes have nothing to do with this. "Isn't it? "

"yes! This younger brother is thoughtful and rigorous. Can you talk about your own understanding and share it with everyone? "

? "People who are filial to their parents and love their brothers are used to obeying the rules. At the same time, for the sake of family, I will not make mistakes easily and become a natural rebel. However, it's just bad, not impossible! It is precisely because they pay attention to family ties that when the measures taken by the rulers have hurt their fathers and brothers and even made them unable to survive, they will still rebel, and the consequences will even be more serious than those who are naturally fond of insurrection. Is that right, brother? "

"Everyone did well today. I hope you will continue to work hard and study hard for your ideal. Class is over! "

? The students have a sense of gain, and everyone is happy and relieved.

? Teaching assistants also have a great sense of accomplishment, and at the same time, they also realize the difficulty of teachers. After class, I made a summary of my class:

? "He is also a filial brother, but few are good at offending people; It's not easy to make mistakes, but it's not easy to make mistakes. Gentleman's business is based on inheritance and Taoism. Filial piety is also the foundation of benevolence? "