Lead: With the continuous acceleration of industrialization in China, river pollution is becoming more and more serious. At present, the river pollution situation in China is very serious. Under the background of increasingly severe domestic water resources situation, it is very important to strengthen river protection. At present, the treatment of river pollution in China is still in its infancy, but with the awakening of people's awareness of environmental protection, environmental protection measures against river pollution will be deeply studied. This paper will focus on the control measures of river pollution.
[Keywords:] river pollution environmental protection measures
China Library ClassificationNo.: U473.9 Document ID: U ArticleNo.:1009914x (2013) 34012701.
At present, the situation of river pollution in China is becoming increasingly severe. River pollution has seriously affected people's lives and property safety and brought danger to people's production and life. "Some enterprises discharge pollutants at will, which leads to the aggravation of river pollution and causes serious harm to people's normal life and health". [1] Under the background that the concept of sustainable development is deeply rooted in people's hearts, the problem of river pollution control is gradually deeply rooted in people's hearts, and people pay more and more attention to it.
Green environmental protection is the inevitable trend of current economic and social development. In order to achieve this goal, we must attach great importance to the problem of river pollution. No matter from the development experience of developed countries or from the concept of extensive development in China in the past, the treatment of river pollution has become a top priority. In this context, it is very important to strengthen the study of river environmental protection measures.
I. Forms of river pollution
River pollution can basically be divided into two forms: one is point pollution; Another form is surface pollution. The so-called point pollution mainly refers to all kinds of pollution caused by industrial wastewater and urban domestic sewage. Non-point source pollution mainly refers to the pollution caused by large-scale rainfall. These two forms of pollution will have an impact on people's production and life, and even on residents' personal health in severe cases. Under this background, it is very necessary to strengthen the research on the causes of river pollution.
Second, the causes of river pollution
After in-depth investigation of river pollution, it will be found that river pollution is basically caused by three reasons: First, serious soil erosion. In the past decades, a lot of fertilizers and pesticides have been used in farmland soil in China. Although the purpose of increasing production has been achieved to a certain extent, it has also caused serious soil erosion. Soil erosion at home is the main cause of river pollution. Second, wastewater cannot be effectively treated. At present, although people have paid some attention to the treatment of factory wastewater, there are still a series of problems in the actual operation. Wastewater is discharged into rivers without effective treatment, which is the root cause of river pollution. Third, people's awareness of environmental protection is weak. At present, although the state has formulated some legal systems for environmental protection, in practice, there are often phenomena of non-compliance with laws and lax enforcement. This is the key to river pollution.
Third, physical methods.
For the treatment of river pollution, we mainly adopt four physical methods: one is water transfer, the other is mechanical algae removal; Thirdly, aeration and heating; The fourth is the dredging of sediment. The so-called water transfer mainly refers to improving the polluted water quality by supplementing a lot of fresh water. Usually, this way is mainly to mobilize nearby clean water sources through water conservancy facilities for cleaning.
The so-called mechanical algae removal mainly refers to the removal of cyanobacteria in water by special machinery to reduce river pollution. Rivers often produce a large number of blooms and cyanobacteria. The appearance of these cyanobacteria will seriously affect the water quality of rivers. Removing cyanobacteria in water can effectively reduce the load of phosphorus and endogenous nitrogen in Hanoi, which is very helpful to improve the water quality of rivers.
Ventilation and heating. Generally speaking, the river pollution in Hanoi is mainly caused by the reduction of dissolved oxygen. Our protection of rivers can be investigated from the perspective of improving dissolved oxygen in Hanoi. Aeration heating mainly protects the water body through this form. Aeration warming technology can improve the dissolved oxygen level of water body, increase the vitality of aerobic organisms in water body, and finally achieve the purpose of improving water quality. At present, this technology is mainly realized by mobile aeration platform and adjustable aeration platform.
Sediment dredging. In polluted rivers, many pollutants are deposited in the soil at the bottom of the river. In order to effectively improve the water quality of rivers, people can treat them by dredging sediment. Dredged sediment can effectively reduce pollutants in rivers, thus reducing river pollution.
Four. biological method
The so-called biological method mainly refers to biological promotion method, biological enhancement method and ecological restoration method. Next, we will analyze these three technologies in detail. The so-called bio-promotion technology mainly refers to the technology of putting antidote, degrading pollutants, macro elements, vitamins and trace elements into rivers to reduce pollution. The application of bio-promotion technology can effectively reduce river pollution, and the application of this method can effectively reduce indigenous microorganisms, thus strengthening the self-purification ability of polluted environment and finally effectively alleviating river pollution.
Biological reinforcement method. Bioaugmentation technology mainly refers to inoculating pollution-degrading bacteria in polluted water, activating microorganisms in water and making them multiply rapidly through pollution-degrading bacteria, thus resisting the growth of harmful microorganisms. Bioaugmentation technology can effectively solve the problem of water pollution. This method is very helpful to eliminate the sediments in black odor and nitration polluted water.
Ecological restoration technology. Ecological restoration mainly uses floating island technology, constructed wetland, biofilm method and aquatic plants to reduce river pollution. Ecological technology is "to improve, improve, restore and reproduce the living and development state of polluted or damaged or threatened water organisms by using the principles and technical methods of ecological balance and material circulation" [2] Floating island technology is to restore water bodies by building diversion in polluted areas, planting plants on the water surface and finally forming a biological chain, and using floating island technology can effectively improve water quality. Constructed wetland. Constructed wetland is a kind of material with strong permeability formed on the basis of imitating natural wetland. Sewage can be effectively purified by using constructed wetlands. Constructed wetlands can generally be divided into vertical wetlands, subsurface wetlands and surface wetlands. At present, "the application of constructed wetlands at home and abroad has accumulated rich theoretical and practical experience" [3] Biofilm method is a technology for purification and filtration through biofilm in natural rivers. Biofilm is generally produced by people flocculating bacteria by filling fillers. Biofilm has the characteristics of large surface area and many attached microorganisms. The application of constructed wetlands can significantly improve the self-purification ability of rivers. In the future river pollution control, the research on this technology should be strengthened. "Applications in Shanghai include ecological floating bed technology, submerged plant restoration technology and planting ecological concrete technology.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) chemical method
Chemical treatment mainly refers to improving water quality by putting various chemicals into polluted water, such as iron salts and chemicals that kill algae. Generally speaking, chemical methods mainly include chemical algae removal and flocculation precipitation. Chemical algae removal is an effective method to control the growth of algae, which is of great significance to solve the pollution problem of severely eutrophic rivers. However, when using this method to control water pollution, we should also pay attention to the moderate application of this method, and excessive use will cause re-pollution of animals and plants. Flocculation and sedimentation can reduce pollution by adding coagulant. This method is mainly used for seriously polluted surface water. This method can effectively control the source phosphorus load.
At present, with the development of economy and society, the situation of river pollution is becoming increasingly severe, and it is particularly important to strengthen river pollution control under this background. In this paper, the forms and causes of current environmental pollution are analyzed in detail, and then the measures of river pollution control are discussed in depth. In the future, we must combine the characteristics of rivers to control river pollution. "The practice of pollution control in several cities has been confirmed. River length system is indeed an effective measure to promote water pollution control in China. [5] We should carefully and scientifically choose control measures, which is an effective means to effectively alleviate and control pollution.
refer to
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Fang Lixin. Discussion on water purification of Xiaoxinhe constructed wetland [J]. Science and Technology Information, 20 12(29).
[4] Wang Xiang. On urban river pollution [J]. Urban water supply, 20 10(5).
[5] Li, Duan Longfei,. Present situation of river pollution in Tianjin and suggestions for its control [J]. Haihe Water Conservancy, 20 12(2).
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