Ceng Zi said, "I save myself three times a day. Is it cheating for others? Don't believe in making friends? Can't you learn? "

Learning notes

There are two controversial points in this chapter, which are also my doubts: one is "three", or three is an imaginary number, indicating many times, while only three items are listed later, or real numbers, indicating the loyalty, beliefs and habits listed later; The second is "passing", or the teacher passes it on to himself or himself to others. For the understanding of "three", I tend to say that there should be daily introspection, but not too much. Otherwise, you may fall into thinking and just grasp the core issue. But if you solve by real numbers, I also find the grammatical explanation of "I save three a day". According to Qian Mu's understanding of "biography", it seems to be "autobiography" according to grammar, but I prefer the teacher to preach to himself, so as to be consistent with the meaning of "learning" behind, and the most famous theory of "biography" written by Wang Yangming is the unity of knowledge and action. How to solve it?

The best study is to ask questions. What this chapter gives me is why loyalty, faith and knowledge are all listed in the contents of the three provinces. Ceng Zi said that these three points may be the symbols of the benevolent in his heart, or the basic qualities necessary to become a benevolent. In addition, referring to Qian Mu's new interpretation of The Analects of Confucius, people always do things from the heart, knowing that the mind can deceive others but not their own things. Do your best to be loyal to others, do you know as much as you can? Be honest with your friends, but not with yourself; Before teaching others, you should have your own practice and understanding, which is the requirement of "learning". "It is also disloyal and unbelieving to preach without lectures." You understand. You know what? These are things that you know and others don't know, so you should focus on them every time you reflect.

Finally, I end this time by borrowing a sentence from the New Interpretation of the Analects of Confucius: Humanism is rooted in people's hearts, and people's hearts are true. Some people can't know and can't be forced by others, so they should have the power to reflect on themselves.

note:

I found another annotated article about this chapter on the Internet, which is attached below for your reference.

Zeng Zi said: [Note] Ma said: "Disciple Zeng Shen." "I go to three provinces every day: Are you unfaithful to others? Don't believe in making friends? Can't you learn? " [Note] It is said that everything should be passed on without lectures.

Justice says "I save three times a day", and "Er Ya Shi" says "Me, me too." Said: "I, I claim to be also.

"Every day is a day and a night, so a day and a night is a day. "Parallel Computation Classics of the Zhou Dynasty" notes: "From Dan to Dan, it is a day. "Yes, yes. Shuowen: "Three, several names. Ruan Shiyuan's Narration: "The ancients were simple and focused, and there were many people who passed it on by word of mouth, but few people who passed it on by eye. It was convenient for hundreds of officials and people to recite it. In particular, Hong Fan and Zhou Guan are the most authors. The Analects of Confucius records many writers, such as: one word, three provinces, three friends, three joys, three precepts, three fears, three evils, three changes, four religions, four evils, five beauties, six words and six veils, Jiu Si and so on. It is also dictated by the ear, and it is also an ancient method. ? Zheng:? Think about what you did. "Use this? Province? Training? Check? , this "Er Ya Shi Shi". Say:? Province, as the case may be. ? Yijin. Er ya Shi Shu:? Body, I also. " Shuowen: "Body, bow (bow) also. Like the human body. " "Interpreting the name and releasing the body" said: "Body, stretching also. Can bend and stretch. "

Those who are "unfaithful to others" note in the National Policy and Health Policy: "Help others." Jacky's four-year biography:? Consultation is hard to find. "Lu Yu": "Consulting things is seeking." "Shi Mao Huang Zhe Hua" biography: "The difficulty of consultation lies in seeking." Use internal and external meanings. Zhou Yu: "Those who are loyal to ministers are also true in writing." Yang Xu's "On Xun and Gigi Lai" notes: "Loyalty and sincerity." Sincere "true" meaning is the same. Sincerity believes that people seek loyalty, so I am loyal and sincere to you, which is also called loyalty.

Don't believe in making friends? Writer, "Li Tan Gong" Note: and, and also. This is routine training. Zheng:? Friends are friends, and comrades are friends. It's a pity to see the same door. Comrade refers to two people who share the same interests and don't study. Jian Zheng's poems "Guan Ju" and "Fang Li Ji" all have this instruction. Say: Comrades are friends and friends. ? Yi and Zheng Tong. Shuowen: cross, tibial cross. From big to cross. When friends meet themselves, they should also be called friends, which means extended meaning. Huang Ben? Turn it in What is the next sentence? Words. Shuowen: Faith and sincerity. From people to words. Got it. Interpretation of names and words: belief and application. Words are bound to each other, so as not to violate each other. Friends believe in the meaning of the Five Relationships, so Ceng Zi introspects with doubt. Can you pass it on? Who, pass the ball? It is said that the teacher has passed it on to himself. Master's words? In a city of ten rooms, there must be loyal people, and you should not be as eager to learn as a hill? Visible is the most difficult to learn. Although in the door, Yanzi is studious. In today's three provinces of Ceng Zi, they learned loyalty from their teachers. If they are afraid of not learning, they are eager to learn. Ceng Zi Shili: If you work every day, you will reflect on yourself at night. If you don't have your body, you can still keep your job. ? Another cloud:? A gentleman learns it, but suffers from his lack of knowledge; If you learn from it, you will suffer greatly. The existing wisdom suffers from its ignorance; Know it, but don't suffer from it. ? Is this Ceng Zi? Can't you pass it on? Evidence of introspection. Xi？ Knowing and doing are one, and The Analects only focuses on learning. Zheng:? Lu specializes in reading biographies. From now on. ? Zheng Zhuyun, a collection of Tibetan Poems, said: This word is self-specialized, and Lu talks about the use of ancient provinces as a specialty. Zheng took the ancient theory as a biography, which was meaningful and clear, so he followed it. ? Just like Zang said, right? Major? With what? Pass? The same place as the teacher? Pass, but write? Major? , the so-called borrowing also. On the Analects of Confucius by Song Xiangfeng: Confucius wrote the Book of Filial Piety for Ceng Zi. "The Book of Filial Piety" said: "The Spring and Autumn Annals" belongs to merchants, and "The Book of Filial Piety" belongs to ginseng. (The Book of Filial Piety hooks life: "Confucius said:' My ambition is in the Spring and Autumn Annals, and I am in the Book of Filial Piety, which is a business and the Book of Filial Piety is a reference. Shang Bo and Zeng Shen. ) Ceng Zi is famous for the Book of Filial Piety, so the reading and biography of Lu Zhuan is quite special. There are specialties in the technical field, but the system has a long history and the teaching methods are endless. Wang Zhidao's words before Hong Xian were the purport of Confucius' biography. ? Bao Shenyan's Analects of Confucius Review: refers to the industry you specialize in. "Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals" said:' The ancient scholars said that righteousness must be called a teacher, but righteousness does not mean that the teacher is doomed? Rebellion Don't learn what you specialize in, abandon the theory of teachers, and rebel against one family. Therefore, Ceng Zi reflected on himself. "Biography of the Scholars of the Later Han Dynasty": Its name is Gao Yi's disciples, and there are more than 10,000 people who have compiled genealogies, all of which were handed down by their ancestors. What does Yang Xiong mean? Learn from nao, learn from his teacher? . This is Lu's theory of righteousness ? Case: Song and Baojun are synonyms. Guangya interpretation: specialization. Also known as the industry. Lu's article is not written, and its meaning is difficult to understand. Therefore, since it is based on Zang's theory and Song and Bao, we dare not settle on the same basis. Notes? Disciple Zeng Shen? . (indicate the scope of comments) the justice said:

Yuan and surname editor:? Xia Shaokang's youngest son's seal is stronger than Zhuang's, and his residence was destroyed in the Spring and Autumn Period. Wu Shilu, Prince of Zhi Dou, went to town as Zeng (bait knife) and saw the world. Wu Shengfu, Fu Sheng, Xi and Xi are Ceng Dian, so is Ceng Zi's father. ? Historical Records Disciple Biography:? Ceng Zi, a famous ginseng, was born in Nanwucheng, 46 years younger than Confucius. ? Notes? What I said, I have to pass it on without lectures? . Justice: Is there? Question words. Guo Yixue's Notes on Ai Zhai: The three provinces in Ceng Zi all refer to the words given to others. I pass it on to people. If you don't learn, you will miss learning because you don't try often, which is more harmful than disloyalty and disbelief. ? Shi Jiao followed the Analects of Confucius: he taught what he had learned to others, so that it was not passed on in vain, which led to the mistakes of scholars. The so-called review the past and learn the new, can be a teacher. Both theories come from the set and are common.