The central argument is the point you need to express in the whole article, which is the purpose of writing this article. You need to tell others one of your points.

Argumentation is to prove that your central point of view is the basis of establishment.

Argument is the basis to prove your argument.

For example:

You should write an argumentative essay to prove that "human nature is good". Then your central argument is that human nature is good. Arguments (also called sub-arguments) can include "what is good" and "what is inherently good", and so on. Arguments are not necessarily juxtaposed, but may also be inherited. Just like the proof problem in mathematics. What you want to prove is that A (central argument) holds, then you can prove that BCD (sub-argument) holds at the same time, so A (central argument) holds. In this case, it is a parallel relationship. You can also prove E (a sub-argument holds), deduce F (a sub-argument holds), then deduce G (a sub-argument holds), and finally deduce A (a central argument holds). In this case, it is an inheritance relationship. This is also the most common logical relationship!