202 1.08.04 was first published in Rongyuan WeChat official account.

With the promulgation of the strong regulations of the state on the teaching and training industry, the topic of education has been pushed to the forefront, and all walks of life are discussing education and education involution.

Education covers many areas, including K 12 education, vocational education and higher education, which are different and cannot be generalized.

There are many factors that affect education. This time, let's look at education from the perspective of social structure, technological change and business model.

1, the evolution of social structure in China.

Let's review the historical evolution of China's social structure.

1 stage. During the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, China was in a feudal society or an aristocratic society, and the time length was about 1000.

In the second stage, from the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period to the unification of the six countries by Qin, and then to the Tang Anshi Rebellion, China was in an aristocratic society or a gentry society, and the time was about 1000. There is a special period here, that is, from the unification of the six countries by Qin Dynasty to the reign of Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty, China was in a short-lived civilian society and entered the aristocratic society after years of war between Emperor Wu and Xiongnu.

The third stage, from the middle Tang Dynasty to the Song Dynasty, until the late Qing Dynasty, China was in a civilian society, lasting about 1000 years.

In the fourth stage, from the Revolution of 1911 in Qing Dynasty to the founding of New China, China is in the process of modern social transformation.

One of the driving forces behind social evolution is technological change. The technological change has triggered the evolution of social structure, and at the same time, the technology in each period has shaped the information dissemination technology and information dissemination cost in each period, thus shaping different social education methods in each period.

2. The influence of technological change on educational methods.

From the Shang and Zhou Dynasties to the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, people used fire to make the furnace temperature reach 1000, which can realize the smelting of bronzes. But only for nobles, and the writing is also limited to Oracle Bone Inscriptions or inscriptions. The cost of information dissemination is extremely high, so education is limited to the nobility. With the popularization of wooden and bamboo slips, the cost of information dissemination has been reduced, and some governments have gradually sorted out archives and literature classics, such as Confucius' works and sorting out documents. So in this period, all the people who can read and write are nobles or their descendants. In addition, the cost of information dissemination is high, and education depends on teachers and their works as teaching materials. A hundred schools of thought contend is a typical educational method in this period.

From the Qin Dynasty to the Western Han Dynasty, society was a short-lived civilian society, and the central government could exercise its power to crush places. In the meantime, the central government can concentrate on compiling national textbooks. After the Han Dynasty's exclusive respect for Confucianism, although Confucian classics were established as teaching materials, they were all compiled by former teachers, so the essence of its educational model is still teacher-centered.

From Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties to Sui and Tang Dynasties, the society was in an aristocratic society, and the central government's administrative power over the localities was weakened. During this period, there was no technological change that could reduce the cost of information dissemination, which led to the greatest influence of local aristocrats on education, and the education mode was still centered on local teachers teaching Confucian classics.

Teacher-centered education has gone through Shang and Zhou Dynasties, Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period, Qin and Han Dynasties, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Sui and Tang Dynasties for nearly 2000 years.

From the Tang and Song Dynasties to the Qing Dynasty, the society entered the civilian society, and the central government was able to exercise its power to crush the local areas and promote the teaching content expected by the central government. Coupled with the popularity of paper and printing in the Tang and Song Dynasties, the cost of information dissemination was greatly reduced. The central government and the people can compile a large number of books and materials, and gradually form a textbook with the "Thirteen Classics" as the core. Teachers in the society organize teaching with the Thirteen Classics as the core, such as Cheng Er and Zhu in the Northern Song Dynasty and Wang Yangming in the Ming Dynasty. Teaching methods began to shift from teacher-centered to textbook-centered.

From the Westernization Movement in the late Qing Dynasty, to the introduction of western science textbooks into China, and then to the establishment of schools according to the western model in the Republic of China, a discipline system was formed. Until now, teaching is still centered on textbooks.

Textbook-centered teaching method has gone through the Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, and has been carried out for nearly 1000 years.

However, from the end of last century to the present twenty or thirty years, with the technological changes of Internet and mobile Internet, the cost of information dissemination has almost dropped to zero, and everyone can obtain almost any information through retrieval.

Under this background, has the teaching method reached a window of change again? !

3. Business models of public schools and training institutions.

The most obvious difference between the business models of public schools and training institutions lies in whether customers and users are unified.

It is the customer who uses the product and the user who pays for the product.

What are the products of training institutions? It can be teachers, courses, teaching methods, or exam-taking skills.

Who is using the products of training institutions? It can be a student or a parent.

Who pays for the products of training institutions? Students or parents, if they don't pay, the training institution will be yellow.

In this way, the customers and users of training institutions are unified.

What are the products of public schools? It can also be teachers, courses, teaching methods, or exam-taking skills.

Who uses the products of public schools? It can also be a student or a parent.

Who pays for the products of public schools? Uh, students or parents? Not necessarily.

In this way, the customers and users of public schools are not unified.

What will happen if it is not unified?

Without unification, the two sides of interest exchange will be different and the responsible objects will be different.

Business model is the transaction structure of stakeholders. The structure is wrong, nothing is right.

Judging from the transaction structure of stakeholders, we can probably understand why most of the Ivy League schools in the United States are private.

Besides whether customers and users are unified, the relationship between supply and demand is another perspective.

What is the greatest demand for students or parents in K 12 education stage? Is to go to school and study.

When the demand is clear, the supply is clear.

Schools and training institutions in the K 12 stage are all designed to meet the market demand for further studies and learning. Once the market demand is met, an enhanced cycle can be formed between supply and demand.

Let's look at the education and training institutions listed in the capital market. Apart from the examination and counseling for civil servants, are there any other classes like K 12? One day watching TV, I saw a teaching and training brand become the official sponsor of the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics. I thought this teaching and training brand focused on ice and snow projects, but it was not.

Look at higher education and vocational education after high school. Why is the quality of education always criticized? Because students' needs are not as clear as those in K 12 stage. Effective demand, is it school? Is it employment? Does the pain point of users like K 12 stage come from fear? I don't think so

Looking back, why didn't K 12 education make students have a clear demand for their life goals after 18? !

I read the inner volume of education.

Involution is growth without development, or inefficient investment at the expense of diminishing marginal returns.

As far as teaching and training institutions are concerned, the good grades in K 12 stage are all driven by all-round exam-taking skills, and all teaching work is mainly to improve students' grades.

For students, the motivation for further study and study does not come from curiosity, and the internal motivation for education does not come from the marathon of planning life.

Just like the internet giants who were accused in the early days, find the sea of stars of technology and don't always think about selling vegetables with technology. So are teaching and training institutions. Discover the star of education, the sky is vast. Don't practice just for exam-taking skills. What you want to do next is the same as what you want in the end.

To break the involution in the system, it is necessary to introduce negative entropy.

Let me introduce the feedback to education after K 12.

Feedback is a constraint similar to performance evaluation.

There is obvious feedback in the education of K 12 stage, and the feedback provided to schools and teaching and training institutions is just the need for further study. However, the feedback of K 12 post-education is lacking. What can be used to evaluate higher education and vocational education after high school? Is it better to study or work? I don't think so. This is one of the reasons why education in universities and vocational colleges has been relatively closed.

One of the secrets of German vocational education lies in the joint training of talents needed by enterprises by schools and enterprises, which is equivalent to introducing the feedback elements of enterprises into school education and the negative entropy of enterprise evaluation into vocational education system, thus promoting the self-evolution of the system.

Second, explore the reform of teaching methods in the sea of stars.

With the development of economy, the capital investment and hardware conditions of school education have been greatly improved, and the gap between the present situation and the ideal has been very small, which means that the value of our education has undergone fundamental changes, and the next work should focus on connotation construction.

Textbook-centered teaching method has existed for 1000 years, but the existing teaching resources are extremely rich, and the cost of acquisition and use is close to zero. It's time to change classes, that is, it's time for the teacher to teach textbooks.

Make a beautiful guess about the teaching methods of higher education and vocational education after K 12: Back to Bologna University 1000 years ago, the school was composed of a group of curious students and teachers, but the teaching methods were no longer centered on teachers teaching textbooks represented by the Bible. Students could choose any form and level of courses around the world and the role of teachers only by benchmarking their personalized career and life plans.

From the perspective of teaching reform, the time and conditions are ripe to break the involution of education. The only thing I need is for you and me to enter the game.

Teacher Kong, as early as 2,500 years ago in Germany, put forward the concept of dual education, which is proved by the "use time when studying" at the beginning of The Analects. How to enter the game, Mr. Kong also gave a methodology, that is, "work hard first and never get tired."

This is cultural confidence.

Alas, we are these black sheep!