Transparent painting is the oldest known painting technique of easel painting, which can be traced back to15th century. It is a traditional European painting technique before19th century. Transparent painting is mainly to cover the color and let the two colors produce a third color through visual harmony. Although it has the same hue as the third color derived from physical harmony, the visual effect is different. The former is deeper and has a jewel-like luster.

The transparent Bo Tu painting method comprises the following steps:

(1) transparent color reproduction.

That is to say, paint that is not white but diluted with color oil is used for multi-level description. It is necessary to brush the next layer after each layer is dry. Because the color of each layer is relatively thin, it can vaguely reveal the color of the lower layer and form a subtle tone with the color of the upper layer. For example, painting a stable blue color on a deep red layer will produce a rich effect of purple in the blue, that is, heating up in the cold, which is often a tone that cannot be transferred on the palette. This painting method is suitable for expressing the texture and heavy feeling of objects, especially for vividly depicting the delicate color changes of human skin, making people feel that blood flows under the skin epidermis. Its shortcomings are narrow color gamut, meticulous production process and long time to complete the work, which is not easy to express the artist's current artistic creation feelings. (In photo portrait making, this technology is often used to draw portraits of children and women to show the crystal clear skin color. )

(2) Transparent cover color and thin bottom. Draw a rigorous plain oil painting in dark brown or silver gray on a grayish brown background with intermediate tones, and cover it with transparent color after drying. Avoid adding too much white to the transparent color, so as not to affect the transparency. Therefore, the plain oil painting of the base painting needs to improve the brightness in advance, leaving room for multi-layer cover color.

(3) Thick bottom transparent cover color. Refers to the transparent color on glossy surface with thick background and the concave-convex surface with thick background. Thick coating smooth surface refers to smoothing with thick color before drying, and covering with transparent color after drying. This method is mostly used in classical oil painting. For example, the light-receiving part of skin is usually coated with thick pigment to separate it from the thickness of dark parts (such as background). When the thick paint is not dry, lightly brush the strokes to smooth it evenly, and then cover it with transparent color after it is dry, which can achieve a thick and transparent effect.

"Optical grey" is a visual effect of transparent painting. Ancient artists used resin varnish to glaze Tampere or oily background, and then coated with transparent or translucent paint, so that each layer was exposed by overlapping, that is, the "optical gray" with strange color was produced. Compared with mixed gray, this transparent gray has different visual effects. It is impossible to draw directly. Rubens was famous for creating optical ash at that time. He once said to his students, "At least the last layer of color in the dark should be transparent."

Transparent superposition method, that is, multi-level description is made with pigments that are not white but only diluted with colored oil. It is necessary to brush the next layer after each layer is dry. Because the color of each layer is relatively thin, it can vaguely reveal the color of the lower layer and form a subtle tone with the color of the upper layer. For example, painting a stable blue color on a deep red layer will produce a rich effect of purple in the blue, that is, heating up in the cold, which is often a tone that cannot be transferred on the palette. This painting method is suitable for expressing the texture and heavy feeling of objects, especially for vividly depicting the delicate color changes of human skin, making people feel that blood flows under the skin epidermis. Its disadvantages are narrow color gamut, meticulous production process and long time to complete the work, which makes it difficult to express the artist's current artistic creation feelings.

2. Opaque superposition method

Also known as multi-level coloring method. When painting, first draw a large figure with a single color, and then shape it with multiple colors. Dark parts are often painted thin, while middle tones and bright parts are painted thick layer by layer, or covered or left, forming color block contrast. Because of the different thickness, it shows the rich charm and texture of color.

There is no strict difference between transparent and opaque paintings, and painters often use them comprehensively in one painting. When expressing objects in darkness or shadows, transparent masking color method can produce a stable and profound sense of volume and space; The rule of opaque color superposition is easy to shape the body outside the dark part and increase the saturation of the picture color. /kloc-before the 0/9th century, most painters used these two painting methods, which usually took a long time to make their works. Some have painted a layer and left it for a long time, and then painted it when the isochromatic layer is completely dry.

3, opaque disposable coloring method

Also known as direct coloring. That is to say, after the outline of the object is made on the canvas, the color laying is basically completed at one time by virtue of the color feeling of the object or the idea of the color of the picture, and the incorrect part is scraped off with a painting knife before the color adjustment is continued. In this painting method, each dip has thick pigment, high color saturation and clear brush strokes, which is easy to show vivid feelings when painting. /kloc-Many painters have adopted this painting method since the mid-9th century. In order to achieve the effect of full-color layer after one-time coloring, we must pay attention to the use of brushstrokes, that is, painting. Commonly used painting methods are divided into flat painting, loose painting and thick painting. Flat painting is to draw a large area of color with one-way strength and even strokes, which is suitable for shaping a static body in a stable and calm composition; Casual painting means that the brush strokes are loose and flexible according to the natural turning trend of the painted object; Thick coatings are all or part of the thick piles of pigments, some of which form color layers or blocks up to several millimeters, which make the pigments present interesting textures and enhance their image.

Supplemented by the respondent on June 20, 200911:48

Materials and tools The main materials and tools of oil painting are pigments, brushes,

Painting knife, canvas, varnish, picture frame, etc.

① Pigments can be divided into mineral and chemical synthesis. Most of the original pigments were mineral pigments, which were ground into fine powder by hand and blended when painting. In modern times, it was mass-produced by factories and put into tin cans, and there were more and more kinds of pigments. The nature of pigment is related to its chemical composition. When mixing colors, chemical action will cause some bad reactions between pigments. Therefore, mastering the nature of pigment is helpful to give full play to oil painting skills and make the color of works unchanged for a long time.

(2) Brushes, made of animal hair with moderate elasticity, are round, flat, short and flat, and fan-shaped.

(3) Painting knife, also known as color palette knife, is made of elastic thin steel sheet, which can be divided into sharp shape and round shape. It is used to evenly mix pigments on the palette. Many painters also use a knife instead of a pen, painting directly with a knife or partially forming pigment layers and textures on the canvas to increase expressiveness.

(4) Canvas, a standard canvas, is made by stretching linen or canvas on a wooden inner frame, mixing it with white powder with glue or oil, and coating it on the surface of the cloth. Generally, it is made into a foundation with a certain pattern effect without oil absorption, or a foundation with half oil absorption or full oil absorption according to the needs of creation. The thickness of the cloth pattern depends on the size of the picture frame and the needs of the painting effect. Some painters use canvas with background color, which is easy to form a unified picture tone, and can also inadvertently reveal the background color when painting. After startup, no

Oil absorption board or cardboard can also replace canvas.

⑤ Polishing: Generally, after the oil painting is dried, it is covered with varnish to keep the luster of the picture and prevent cavitation and fouling.

⑥ Frame, a complete oil painting includes a frame, especially an oil painting with strong realism. The frame forms the boundary of the viewer's vision of the work, which makes the picture appear complete and concentrated, and the objects in the painting develop in depth in the viewer's feeling. The thickness and size of the picture frame depend on the content of the work. The frames of classical oil paintings are mostly made of wood and gypsum, while the frames of modern oil paintings are mostly made of metal materials such as aluminum alloy.

Supplemented by the respondent on June 20, 200912: 02

Oil painting skills and introduction

defeat

Discontinuation is a method of coloring with the roots of oil painting pens. After pressing the pen, it is slightly frustrated and then mentioned, such as calligraphy, which is solid and solid. The colors of the nib and the root of the pen are different, and the light and heavy direction of the pen holder is different, which can produce many changes and interests.

Flap/flap

The technique of gently patting the picture with a wide oil painting pen or fan pen is called patting. Flapping can produce a certain undulating texture, which is neither very obvious nor very simple. You can also process the original strong strokes or colors to weaken them.

massage

Rubbing refers to the method of directly manipulating two or more different colors on the screen with a pen. After color processing, it produces natural mixed changes, obtains subtle and bright colors and contrast between light and shade, and can play a transitional role.

line

Lines refer to lines drawn with pen drawing, and oil painting lines are generally drawn with soft and sharp clues, but in different styles, round heads, proofreaders and old flat pens can also draw thick lines similar to strong books. At first, both eastern and western paintings were modeled on lines. In early oil paintings, drafts were usually drawn with precise and rigorous line outlines. In tempura technique, the method of arranging cables is the main means to form light and shade. It was only later that western oil paintings evolved into light and shade and heads, but even so, the midline factor in oil paintings was influenced by indelible colors. The use of slender, bold, neat or random lines and repeated overlapping make the language of oil painting richer, and it is more important to deal with different body lines. The use of lines in oriental painting has also influenced the styles of many modern western masters, such as Matisse, Van Gogh, Picasso, Miro and Klee.

total/complete victory

Color scanning is often used to connect two adjacent color blocks to make them less rigid. This can be done by gently sweeping with a clean fan pen when the color is not dry. You can also use a pen to sweep another color on the background color to produce a color effect that is staggered up and down, loose and not greasy.

stamp

It means that after dipping the pigment with a hard bristle brush, the pigment is vertically imprinted on the screen with a pen. Stamping is not commonly used, and it is generally only used when special textures are needed locally.

Pull

Pulling refers to drawing solid lines and sharp edges of objects in oil painting, such as the side of a sword or glass. At this time, you can adjust the color with a painting knife, and then draw the color on the screen with the side of the blade. The shape drawn by the painting knife is three-dimensional and definite, which is difficult to achieve with a brush or other methods.

beat

Wipe is to put the brush sideways and wipe the picture with the belly of the brush. Usually it is carried out in a large area with less color, which can form less obvious brush strokes and is also a common method of laying background color. On the dry background or undulating texture, you can draw an effect similar to traditional Chinese painting, making the underlying texture more obvious.

I hope it helps you.

I'm exhausted from typing so many words.