Du Pengcheng's On a Peaceful Day, chapter 1, section 3: "I feel a heavy burden at the thought of rain." It is the predecessor of archaeology in China, that is, the study of ancient artifacts, with a history of 1000 years, starting from the Northern Song Dynasty in China.

"Gold" refers to copper, bronze and bronze with inscriptions and characters on it; "Stone" refers to stone carving, stone carving with words. Then, on these bronzes and stone carvings with words, according to the materials, I checked the ancient economy and ancient history books, found problems, corrected them and supplemented many problems.

Because he studies physical objects, he has something in common with archaeology, but it is not the same as archaeology in the scientific sense later. Archaeology in the scientific sense first includes field excavation, field investigation, stratigraphy, typology, archaeological culture and a set of methodological theories.

Epigraphy refers to an archaeology in the ancient traditional culture of China. Its main research objects are bronzes and stone tablets of past dynasties, especially the inscriptions and rubbings on them. Broadly speaking, it also includes bamboo slips, Oracle Bone Inscriptions, jade, bricks, clay, military symbols, funerary wares and other general cultural relics.

The study of epigraphy involves philology, history, calligraphy, literature, library science and so on. It appeared in the Han Dynasty, but it was most developed in the Song and Qing Dynasties. The excavation of Shi Guwen in the Song Dynasty and the discovery of Oracle Bone Inscriptions in the late Qing Dynasty are important milestones in epigraphy.

Epigraphy is not equal to modern archaeology. At present, epigraphy is often combined with other disciplines, rather than an independent knowledge. 1. The mineral is a mixture of carbonaceous chronology and opal, dense and hard, black or gray, which can be used to test the purity of gold.

Song and Ming Ying Xing's Heavenly Creations and Gold: "All gold is soft and can be folded like a willow branch. Its color is divided into seven greens, eight yellows, nine purple and ten reds. On the touchstone (there are many rivers in Guangxin County, as big as a bucket and as small as a fist, cooked in goose soup, as bright as black). "

2. Metaphor is an accurate and reliable test method.

① The third fold of Yuan Guan Hanqing's Golden Thread Pool: "Draw your son from scratch on the touchstone, and call him a gentleman in two grades."

② The difficulty of sentence breaking in Lu Xun's lace literature: "The sentence breaking in ancient Chinese is really a touchstone. It only takes a few turns to show your true colors. " It is said that although the stone is strong, it can penetrate. Describe the great power of sincerity.

1, Han, Liu Xiang's "New Sequence Miscellaneous Four": "Yesterday, Chuxiong Qu walked at night and saw a stone lying on the bed, thinking it was a tiger. He shot it with a bow, killed the arrow and drank the feather, and knew the stone from the bottom. However, over and over again, the arrow destroyed people. Bear's illness showed his sincerity, and the stone was opened. What is the situation? "

2. Tang Peiziye's "Nanqi Anle Temple Lawyer's Wisdom Calling Master Monument": "Sincerely touch the sky, trust the stone, be straightforward and prajnaparamita, and be a high-level Dojo."

3. Ming Zhuofa's "Shangshe Zengcheng Teacher's Book": "Because of the sincerity of the world, you can penetrate the stone and enrich the dolphins and fish; If it is unfair, you can call your parents and tell God. "

4. Wei Qing Yuan's Manuscript of Ming History, Volume 2: "Spring Valley (Xia Zongchun) joined the army at the age of 15 and was ordered at the age of 17. His filial piety penetrated the stone, and he regarded the bandit party as dung. How is he worth mentioning? " Also stored as "penetration of gold."

5. Tang Yang Hongzhen's "Guan Qi Zafu": "Goodness is to raise it as a bow, to penetrate the Yang, to push the sincerity of gold, to be the first of the seven genera, and to receive the name of a hundred." Digne Nhi

(1) 【 philosopher's egg 】: the earliest substance containing salt, sulfur and mercury that constitutes epigraphy.

(2)[ Teaching power]: the educational power or function of the church.

(3) 【 philosopher stone; 【 philosopher's stone 】 See "philosopher's stone" as a metaphor for unswerving friendship.

Tang Meng Jiao Hanyu's "Jixing Couplet": "I am always afraid of the stone, and I miss home." Su Song's poem "Uncle Liu Tong Yuan Bitan Fu": "May there be a golden stone knot, and I will fear Huahao." Jiang Shiwei

[Sincerity can split metal and stone]

Gold and stones can move and break. Describe that as long as you are sincere, you can touch people's hearts. It is also a metaphor for being firm-willed and unwavering.

Sincerity, stone opening, waking up, and harmony after death. -Surprise at the First Moment 1. Metaphor is unshakable friendship.

(1) The song "Old Biography of Jinliyi" by Yanqing: "Today, I dedicate the Qing Dynasty to prepare my heart. I will revisit the turning point between stone and stone, don't say the difference. " Also known as "friendship between stones" and "friendship between stones".

(2) Selection of Group Sounds: "Silo is not strong enough for the original, so why forget the friendship between stones?" Lianyuan's "After Conan Zhaoyi": "Shu Ren used to be your brother's best friend, and now he is your wife's best friend. I think it's meant to be. "It is also a golden stone.

(3) The Biography of Han Han Xin: "Although I thought I was a close friend with Hanwang, I was finally taken by Hanwang."

(4) Luo Songda's "He Lin Yu Lu" Volume 6: "You Liangyan likes it, Bo Qia has heard about it, and Yang Chengzhai is a close friend."

⑤ In the Qing Dynasty, Sun Hua's poem "Mengquan Mei Ting Map" said: "A lifetime of stone, Comrade Zhao Tuo."

2. refers to the contract.

Guo Moruo's "On War: A Journey of Human Evolution": "Fifty thousand people talk hard but have no real friendship, so they can't compare with a bosom friend who shares life and death." . Have we reached an agreement in a pinch? "Metaphor is very valuable teaching or advice.

1, "Snow White Ma Toudiao Jinshi Good Words": "Jinshi Good Words Advise Jun, don't bother."

2. "Adventure witnessed in 20 years" The ninth time: "Your uncle taught you a stone, so you must remember it." The so-called "good words".

3. The eleventh time of "Officialdom in Appearance": "If brother teaches, every sentence is good."

4. The Story of Fire Broadcasting by Liang Bin 47: "Yan Laosong, Liu Chuangchuang and Liu Laotu all bowed their heads and said,' Exactly, that's a good word!' "Also saved as a" stone ".

5. Song Mei's poem "Send thanks and blessings": "If you only recite the words on the stone, you will not worry."

6. The second song of Wei Yuan's "Don't be Chen Junxin" in the Qing Dynasty: "It's Gu Song and a stone." It refers to four musical instruments: bell, chime, lyre and flute. Also known as various musical instruments.

1, "Rites and Music": "Stone and bamboo are also musical instruments."

2. Liu Hanxiang's "Talking about the God of jing yuan": "Hanging the sick, not drinking or eating meat for seven years, the voice of carnation is far from being a woman of color."

3. Jia's Notes on the Dongting Mountain: "At four o'clock, I heard the sound of gold, stone, silk and bamboo, which penetrated the top of the mountain."

4. Wei Chao's "Liu Yichuan" in the Tang Dynasty: "There are golden carnations in the world, Luo Qi and Zhu Cui, and thousands of women dance on their left." Your heart is as hard as stone.

1, The History of the Later Han Dynasty, Wang Changchuan: "The first emperor often pointed to the ministers in Congress, saying that' this family led the generals to assist the Han Dynasty, and their hearts were as hard as stone, but they were really loyal ministers'." "

2, Ming Huang Yuan Wang Shizhen's "Compendium of Wang Yuan's Compendium" was paid for five years: "Zhao Ying asked:' Your Majesty was in Jinyang, with less than 5,000 soldiers, and was attacked by 100,000 Tang soldiers. He is in danger of exposure. Unless he knows far away, he can't achieve great things! "Explanation: Metaphor is the safest strategy.

Source: Jia Xin Yu Zi Zhi: "Say like a horse, not a fake xia yang, not a plan of stone?" Description: As hard as metal and stone. Describe extremely hard or strong.

Source: Han Meicheng's "Seven Hair": "Although there is a stone, it will be sold out, which is quite understandable." Explain that the metaphor article has beautiful words and sonorous tone.

Source "Biography of Sun Chuo in the Book of Jin": "If you try to throw the ground, it will be a stone."