China's crude oil imported from Africa was 1580× 104t in 2002, and increased rapidly to 7085× 14t in 20 10 eight years later. The Libyan war may gradually subside soon, which will be a new opportunity for China Oil Company in Africa. Expanding China-Africa oil cooperation, China's energy security and China's need to "go global" coincide with the needs of African countries' economic development, which will be a win-win result and require us to keep pace with the times and develop Africa's oil resources with new ideas.
(1) Formulate the exploration and development plan of oil and gas resources in Africa, make overall arrangements and strengthen participation.
Under the favorable situation of China-Africa oil cooperation, it is necessary to formulate a medium-and long-term plan for the development of oil and gas resources in Africa, clarify the main tasks in each stage, guide the development of the African oil market, track the implementation of the plan, give timely feedback, and adjust the original plan according to actual changes to ensure that it adapts to the actual situation; The establishment of an African oil and gas development coordination agency to improve the competitiveness of China's oil and gas enterprises; A guarantee mechanism for oil and gas risk exploration in Africa should be established as soon as possible to minimize the investment risk of enterprises.
(2) Strengthen cooperation with emerging oil-producing countries.
In order to increase China's share in the African oil market, Chad and Equatorial Guinea should invest further besides continuing to cooperate with five oil-producing countries. Chad and Equatorial Guinea have the opportunity to expand their oil and gas reserves because some large oil fields may be discovered in emerging oil-producing countries. Gabon, Niger and other countries with stable political situation can be chosen for investment, so as to reduce the investment risk brought by unstable political situation.
(3) Upstream and downstream enterprises jointly enter the African oil market, and Chinese-funded enterprises jointly bid.
Some African countries implement the bundling policy, requiring foreign companies investing in oil exploration to build downstream related projects and other infrastructure. China can make use of the advantages of the oil industry to jointly enter the African oil market, which is beneficial to China. China petroleum enterprises have achieved certain results in the integrated operation of oilfield development, oil refining and pipeline construction in Algeria and Sudan. China petroleum enterprises should consider expanding their investment in the downstream industrial chain of oil-producing countries when developing large-scale oil fields.
Due to the rise of nationalism, some oil-producing countries in Africa have increased their share and share ratio in the bidding for the upstream oil industry chain. China's three oil companies can cooperate to bid for a bigger share in the African oil market. China petroleum enterprises can reduce political and financial risks by complementing each other's advantages and bidding together, so that China petroleum enterprises can exert their greatest strength in foreign mergers and acquisitions.
(4) Cooperate with African oil companies and international oil companies to develop.
New york and London oil exchanges show that the frequency and amplitude of oil price changes are higher than those in African oil markets. As an important source of oil, the oil produced in Africa will further stabilize the world oil price. The stability of the international oil market can be achieved through cooperation between African oil companies and international oil companies and cooperation between international oil companies. Some oil companies want to give up some oil and gas resources in order to obtain funds. This is an excellent opportunity for China Petroleum Company to obtain oil and gas resources, which can be realized through equity participation and mergers and acquisitions. A considerable number of national oil companies in Africa have just started, and they can cooperate with local oil companies in Africa to explore the African oil market. These newly established oil companies need technology and management experience, and China Oil Company has accumulated a whole set of experience, which provides us with a good prospect of achieving a win-win situation.
It is a common fact in international oil cooperation projects that several oil companies jointly form a consortium to carry out joint operation and management and perform their respective duties in order to effectively avoid the high risks brought by excessive exclusive investment. Through these years' practice, China petroleum enterprises have become quite familiar with this mode of cooperation, and have established cooperative relations with other large international oil companies. At the same time, China petroleum enterprises also have a good market reputation, which has laid a solid foundation for expanding the African market.
At the same time, China petroleum enterprises must capture market information in time in order to compete with many powerful rivals in Africa and gain competitive advantages.
(5) Pay equal attention to obtaining share oil and importing crude oil.
In the future oil cooperation between China and Africa, China should follow the principle of mutual benefit and win-win, stabilize Africa's share of "trade oil" and increase the proportion of "share oil". In order to obtain "trade oil" stably, we must follow the following principles: ① Deepen friendly exchanges with Africa, continue to increase assistance to Africa in the fields of medical care, education, transportation and communication, continue to reduce or cancel African debts, actively help Africa develop production and improve the living standards of local people, so as to gain the understanding and support of African countries and people. (2) Strengthen the good relationship between China and African oil-producing countries, increase economic and technical assistance to African oil-producing countries, and help African oil-producing countries upgrade their technology, increase oil production and stabilize oil supply to China. At present, China's largest foreign oil source is Africa. In order to obtain a stable oil share, China must carry out active oil diplomacy, and China's strategic partnership with African countries should continue to be consolidated and developed.
In view of the fact that the cost of getting a share of oil in the upstream of African oil is equivalent to the cost of importing African crude oil through trade, China oil enterprises can adopt the strategy of combining trade and mergers and acquisitions to develop the African oil market. In the process of obtaining share oil in Africa, China should form a cost restraint mechanism to make the cost of share oil lower than the international oil price, and strive to transport more share oil back to China at a low price; We can use Khartoum Refinery to increase China's oil share in Africa, which will not only increase profits, but also increase China's share in the African refined oil market.
(6) Loan for Oil
China and Angola signed a loan-for-oil agreement. "Loan for oil" ensures China to obtain stable crude oil, and at the same time reduces the political risk in China's "going out" energy policy. At the same time, it is also conducive to adjusting the structure of China's foreign exchange reserves, promoting the diversification of foreign exchange reserves and resisting financial risks. At the same time, "loan for oil" plays a positive role in developing production and increasing oil production in oil-producing countries, and is also easily accepted by oil-producing countries. Due to the lack of capital, technology and other production conditions, African oil-producing countries often adopt the "loan for oil" model. In the future energy cooperation between China and Africa, on the premise of bilateral energy cooperation, China can consciously increase the scale and proportion of "loan for oil" to Africa and sign "loan for oil" agreements with more African oil-producing countries.
(7) Strengthen the development of offshore oil in Africa.
While cooperating with western oil companies, China Oil Company is also improving its deep-sea exploration and development technology. CNOOC's offshore engineering equipment manufacturing and offshore engineering technical services are in great demand in oil-producing countries in West Africa. Starting from 1998, China Offshore Oil Corporation independently designed and built 1 1 FPSO (offshore floating production storage and unloading device) for more than ten years, making China one of the first-line countries with the largest number of FPSOs in the world, and also built the sixth generation of 3,000m deep-water semi-submersible drilling platform, which is also the most advanced equipment in the world. Cosl successfully acquired Norwegian AWO Company, which greatly improved the offshore drilling operation and service capacity. Three oil companies in China jointly won the bid for the joint development zone of Equatorial Guinea and Gulf of Guinea, and obtained the operation opportunity of deepwater exploration blocks. Because China petroleum enterprises have mastered the deep-water offshore oil exploration and development technology, they can participate in other African offshore oil development projects such as the Gulf of Guinea and the Egyptian Gulf of Suez, and the prospects for offshore oil development are bright. Among the oil companies in other countries in the world, Brazil's state-owned oil company has a high level of offshore oil exploration technology, so China and Brazil's oil company can be considered to jointly develop offshore oil in Angola and other African countries.