2. Ode to Songs: It is the three components of The Book of Songs, and it is also the classification of The Book of Songs according to different regions and music. Wind, also called national wind, is a kind of music song with local characteristics of vassal States. * * * Fifteen Kingdoms, 160 articles, mostly folk songs and a few noble works. Ya is a kind of music song in Kyoto area of Zhou Dynasty, which is divided into Ya and Ya. Elegance 3 1 article, enjoyed by many generations; Xiaoya has 74 articles, which are lyrical by many people. Yashi also has some folk songs. Ode is a musical song when the royal ancestral temple sacrifices or holds important ceremonies. It is divided into Zhou Song, Truffle and Ode to Shang, with 40 articles.
3. Four-character poems refer to the four poems of Qi, Lu, Han and Mao that appeared in the early Han Dynasty to teach the Book of Songs. The first three family members, Jin Wenshi, became a scholar in the Western Han Dynasty and died in the Three Kingdoms, the Western Jin Dynasty and the Song Dynasty respectively. Shi Mao is an ancient poem created by scholars in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Erya is widely used in exegetics, and there are many manuscripts of Zuo Zhuan that have been handed down to this day.
4. Mao Bamboo Slips: The annotations made by Mao Heng and Li Mao to The Book of Songs in Han Dynasty are called Biography of Shi Mao, or Shi Mao for short. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, Zheng Xuan annotated Mao Shi, which was called Biography of Mao Shi or Zheng Zhu for short.
5. Three artistic expressions commonly used in The Book of Songs. Fu refers to the method of arranging narrative objects. Comparison is metaphor or analogy. Xing is to pick up something and say something else first, so that the words can be sung.
6. Hundred Schools: refers to various academic factions that appeared during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period and represented the interests of different classes and strata. At that time, various schools wrote books, recruited disciples to teach students, publicized their own ideas, and argued with each other, forming a situation in which a hundred schools of thought contended. According to Hanshu? According to Yiwenzhi, there are 100 schools of thought, including Confucianism, Taoism, Yin and Yang, Fa, Ming, Mo, Zongheng, Nong, Miscellaneous Notes and Novels, among which Confucianism, Taoism, Mo and Fa have the greatest influence, especially Confucianism and Mo.
7. Confucius and Mencius: a general term for Confucius and Mencius. Confucius was the founder of Confucianism, and later called him "the most holy". The Analects of Confucius is a bibliographic work that mainly records Confucius' words and deeds. Mencius was an important representative of Confucianism in the mid-Warring States period, and was later called "Ya Sheng". Mencius is a documentary prose that mainly records Mencius' words and deeds.
8. Laozi and Zhuangzi: the collective name of Laozi and Zhuangzi. Laozi is the founder of Taoist school, and Laozi is the record and development of his thoughts in Taoist post-study. Zhuangzi was a representative of Taoism in the middle of the Warring States Period, and Zhuangzi was a compilation of his later works.
9. Han Feizi: A collection of political philosophy founded by Han Feizi, a representative of the Legalist school at the end of the Warring States Period. There are 55 articles today, and a few chapters have been occupied by later generations. His works comprehensively developed predecessors' theories and established a totalitarian legal theory system based on law and integrating law, technology and potential. Most of his essays are reasoned, logical, thorough, profound, clear-cut, sharp in words, steep in style, good at analyzing analogies, summarizing and summarizing, and good at clarifying things with historical stories and fables.
10, Chuci: The name "Chuci" first appeared in historical records? Biography of cruel officials. Its original meaning refers to the writing of Chu, and later it gradually fixed into two meanings: one is the genre of poetry, and the other is the name of poetry collection. As far as the poetic genre is concerned, it is a new poetic style created by poets represented by Qu Yuan on the basis of Chu folk songs at the end of the Warring States Period. As far as the collection name is concerned, it is a collection of poems in the style of "Chu Ci" compiled by Liu Xiang in the Western Han Dynasty on the basis of predecessors, which includes the works of Qu Yuan and Song Yu, Chu people in the Warring States Period, as well as parodies of Jia Yi, Xiaoshan, Zhuang Ji, Dong Fangshuo, Bao Wang and Liu Xiang in the Han Dynasty.
1 1, "Nine Songs": a group of sacrificial songs made by Qu Yuan on the basis of popular sacrificial songs in Chu, with a total of eleven songs. The gods sacrificed are divided into three categories: gods, secular gods and ghosts. The gods are Emperor Taiyi of the East, Oriental King, Yunjun, Priestess of Death and Siming. Most of the five related lyrics show admiration and praise for the gods, and they are written very solemnly. There are Xiang Jun, Mrs Xiang, Hebo and Shan Gui on the earth. These four poems are all love songs. People praise pure love by describing God's love life, which is mostly fresh, sad and affectionate. There is only one article about ghosts, national mourning, which is a warm tribute to the soldiers who died in the Great Patriotic War. It is warm, solemn and stirring, vigorous and simple.
12, Tian Wen: Qu Yuan's long poem is second only to Li Sao. In the form of backchat, more than 70 questions1have been raised continuously, covering astronomical geography, myths and legends, ancient history rumors, social politics, personal life and so on. It shows the poet's rich imagination and extensive knowledge, as well as his spirit of dare to doubt, criticize old ideas and explore truth. The whole poem is mainly composed of four words, four sentences and one section, and it is known as "a must through the ages" by using backchat and uneven levels.
13, Qu Song: the collective name of Qu Yuan and Song Yu, writers of Chu Ci in the pre-Qin period. Qu Yuan is the pioneer of Chu Ci. Song Yu was slightly later than Qu Yuan, and was also famous for Chu Ci. He made an important contribution to the formation and development of Fu, and later generations called it Qu and Song.
14, Sancao: the names of Cao Cao, Cao Pi and Cao Zhi in the Han and Wei Dynasties. They are famous for their prominent political position and outstanding literary talent. They express their political ambitions and social scenes in their poems, and they lament generously. They are representative poets in the Han and Wei Dynasties and occupy an important position in the development history of five-character poems. Cao Zhi is known as "the first strange man in Jian 'an".
15, Seven Children of Jian 'an: refers to seven writers such as Kong Rong, Chen Lin, RoyceWong, Xu Gan, Ruan Yu, Angelababy and Serina Liu in the Jian 'an period of the Eastern Han Dynasty. They are all famous for their poems and essays, and they are the core members of Cao Wei's literary group. Together with San Cao, they are important writers in Jian 'an era. Among them, RoyceWong and Liu Zhen have the highest achievements.
16, Jian' an style: it is an image summary of Jian' an style. Jian 'an is the title of Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty. At that time, many works reflected the social reality of alienation and expressed the desire to unify the world and the pursuit of an ideal life. His poetry is generous and sad, and his language is vigorous and bright. Later generations called the achievements of Jian 'an poetry "Jian 'an character".
17, Sorrow Poetry: the title of the poem. Cai Yan, a famous poetess in the Han and Wei Dynasties, is said to have two poems in Sao style and five characters. Among them, five fonts have higher credibility. This 540-word poem describes the unfortunate experience in the turmoil at the end of the Han Dynasty and reflects the common destiny of the people, especially women, during the turmoil at the end of the Han Dynasty, which is of typical significance. The whole poem is full of twists and turns, lyrical and weeping, and extremely infectious.
18, zhengshi literature: the literature of Wei in zhengshi period. At that time, the internal struggle of the ruling class was fierce, the philosophy of Laozi and Zhuangzi prevailed, and literary creation was seriously affected. Advocating negative thoughts encourages the tendency to be divorced from reality. Only Ruan Ji and Ji Kang's works can implicitly express their hesitation and anguish, reveal their dissatisfaction with reality and make great achievements.
19, Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest: Ji Kang, Ruan Ji, Dan Tao, Xiang Embroidery, Ruan Xian, Wang Rong and Liu Ling in Wei and Jin Dynasties. These seven scribes were named "Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest" because they were friendly to each other and swam in the bamboo forest.
20. Tai Kang Ti: The poetic style of Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty in Tai Kang period. Represented by Pan Yue, Lu Ji, Zhang Zai, Zhang Xie and Lu Yun. His poems pay attention to carving chapters and sentences, pursue rhetoric, and have a gorgeous surface, which represents the mainstream of poetry at that time.
2 1, Sanlu, Erzuo: refers to eight poets who mainly lived in Taikang and Yuankang years in the Western Jin Dynasty. They are: Zhang Zai, Zhang Xie, Zhang Kang, Lu Ji, and his nephew Penny, and Zuo Si.
22. Zuo Si Li Feng: It is an image summary of Zuo Si's poetic style in the Taikang period of the Western Jin Dynasty. Language is Zhong Rong's poem. Zuo Si is the most outstanding poet in the Western Jin Dynasty, and his masterpiece Eight Poems of Ode to Histories has a bold style and deep feelings, which is quite different from the gorgeous poetic style popular at that time. His poems inherit Jian 'an's character, express his embrace, attack the reality, and have many unfair voices. It is called "Zuo Si Feng Zhi" because of its vigorous momentum, forceful style, majestic writing, vivid image and unique style.
23. Metaphysical Poetry: refers to the works of "Zhu Xuan who speaks virtue and expresses meaning" which are popular in poetry circles under the influence of metaphysics in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. The representative writers are Sun Chuo and Xu Xun in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Metaphysical poems understand Hyunri with metaphysical thinking, which is not poetic, but works expressing philosophy through scenery have played a catalytic role in the production of landscape poems.
24. Poems about Immortals: Fourteen Poems about Immortals is the representative work of Guo Pu, a poet in the Jin Dynasty. It combines the thoughts of Laozi and Zhuangzi with Taoist immortal theory, and conveys the feelings of being frustrated as an official and avoiding the world. Being called "wandering immortals" is actually a way to express one's dissatisfaction with reality. Guo Pu's poems are vivid in image, apt in metaphor, fresh in words, vigorous in momentum and far-reaching, which is better than the metaphysical poems prevailing at that time.
25. Xie Tao refers to the poets Tao Yuanming and Xie Lingyun in the late Eastern Jin Dynasty and early Song Dynasty. Du Fu has a saying, "How to get a poem like the hand of Xie Tao, so that the canal can walk with you", referring to these two people. They are all good at describing natural scenery. But Tao wrote more about the countryside, while Xie wrote more about mountains and rivers; Tao's poems are simple and natural, while Xie's poems pay attention to rhetoric and duality, advocate beauty and have different styles.
26. Yuanjia Sanjie: The guides are Xie Lingyun, Yan Yanzhi and Bao Zhao, three famous poets in Yuanjia period of Song Wendi. Xie's poems are rich and delicate, Yan's poems are gorgeous and elegant, and Bao's poems are bold and unrestrained, which was called "three-body" in the early Song Dynasty. The differences in poetic styles are obvious. * * * has similarities in describing mountains and rivers, and pays attention to rhetoric and duality.
27. Yongming style: a poetic style formed during the Yongming period of the Qi Emperor in the Southern Dynasties. Also known as new poetry. This kind of poetry combines the metrical double tones since Jin and Song Dynasties, pays attention to the theory of four tones and eight diseases, increases the formal beauty of poetry art, and has a great influence on the formation of modern poetry. Representative writers are Shen Yue, Xie Tiao, Wang Rong, Fan Bin, Jiang Yan, He Xun, Wu Yun and Chen Yinke at the time of Qi and Liang Dynasties.
28. A poetic style formed by the Southern Liang Dynasty. Most of them describe boudoir feelings, which are beautiful, but they are hurt by lightness and vulgarity. The advocators are Emperor Liang Jianwen and Xiao Gang, and the representative writers are Xu Ling and Yu Xin. Their creative style is elegant and agile, and after "clever editing", they are called "Yu Xu style". So, Jiang Ye and the general manager created this kind of works. Xu Ling compiled Yutai New Poetry, but only collected Yan Poetry, which can be said to be a collection of poems in the palace style.
29. Wu Ge: refers to Yuefu poems? Song Collection of Qing Merchants mainly comes from the Southern Dynasties folk songs in Jianye area in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and there are 326 existing songs. Most of the existing Wu Ge songs are sung by women, which vividly and intensively express the feelings and complex mentality of the protagonist under specific historical conditions, such as the longing and firmness for love, the joy and pain of lovesickness, the depression of freedom of marriage, and the resentment of men's infidelity.
30. Opera: refers to Yuefu poems? The collection of Shang Qing's Quci mainly produced in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and on both sides of the Han River, with Jiangling as the center, including the folk songs of the Southern Dynasties in some surrounding cities. There are 142 songs today. Traditional operas mostly describe the lovesickness of businessmen's wives and the love life of laborers. The theme is slightly wider than that of Wu Ge, and the style is more lively.