This woman who has no higher education but has a talent for writing has a tragic fate. 19421when she died in hong kong on October 22nd, neither of the two men in her life was with her. (Huiyu)
Resume and bibliography:
Xiao Hong (1911.6.2—1942.1.22), formerly known as Zhang Naiying, was born in Hulan, Heilongjiang. He lost his mother when he was a child and went to middle school in Harbin from 65438 to 0928. He was exposed to the progressive ideas and Chinese and foreign literature since the May 4th Movement. Especially influenced by the works of Lu Xun, Mao Dun and American writer Sinclair. Because of his dissatisfaction with feudal families and arranged marriages, he ran away from home on 1930 and experienced many ups and downs. 1932, they lived with Xiao Jun. They met many progressive literati and participated in anti-Qing and anti-Japanese activities.
1933, he and Jun Xiao published their first collection of works "Trekking" at their own expense. With the help and support of Lu Xun, 1935 published the famous book Field of Life and Death (starting with the pen name Xiao Hong), the literary world of fireflies.
1936, in order to get rid of mental troubles, he traveled to Japan and wrote an essay "Lonely Life" and a long poem "Sand" in Tokyo.
1940, he arrived in Hongkong with Duanmu Hongliang, and soon published the novella Ma Bole and the famous novel Hulan River Biography.
1942, died in Hong Kong after a rough time, at the age of 3 1.
Bibliography of works:
Trekking (a collection of novels and essays) was co-authored with Jun Xiao, 1933 (published at its own expense).
Life and death field (novella) 1935, Shanghai Rongguang Bookstore; 1980, from Heilongjiang
"Wage framework? Essay) 1936, Vincent
Bridge (collection of novels and essays) 1936, Wen Sheng.
On Oxcart (Collection of Novels and Proses) 1937, Wen Sheng.
The cry of the wilderness (collection of short stories) 1940, the first part.
Xiao Hong's Prose 1940, Chongqing Times Publishing House.
Lu Xun's Memories (Prose) 1940, Chongqing Women's Life Society.
Ma Bole (novella) 194 1, Chongqing Times Publishing House.
Biography of Hulan River (novel) 194 1, new literature and art; 1979, from Heilongjiang
Hand (novel) 1943, Guilin Fiona Fang Bookstore.
Small Town March (Novel) 1948, Hong Kong Ocean Book House.
Selected Works of Xiao Hong (Short Stories) 1958, Humanities
Selected Works of Xiao Hong 198 1, Humanities
Xiao Jun collected Xiao Hong's letters and notes, 198 1, from Heilongjiang.
Xiao Hong's short story Xun 1982 is from Heilongjiang.
Selected Prose of Xiao Hong 1982, Hundred Flowers
Xiao Hong (Selected Works of Modern Writers in China) 1984, Humanities.
Xiao Hong's Masterpiece (Collection of Short Stories) 1987, Humanities
/question/624267 1.html
Chekhov was a great Russian critical realist writer at the end of 19, a humorous satirist with meaningful interest and sharp style, a master of short stories and a famous playwright. He added two immortal artistic images to the gallery of world literary figures with his outstanding satirical and humorous talents. His famous saying "Simplicity is the sister of genius" has also become the motto pursued by later writers.
His novels are short and pithy, concise and simple, compact in structure, vivid in plot, humorous in style, vivid in language, full of musical rhythm and profound in meaning. He is good at discovering people and things with typical significance from daily life, making artistic generalization through humorous plots, and shaping a complete typical image to reflect the Russian society at that time. His representative works The Chameleon and The Man in the Trap are exquisite and perfect artistic treasures in the history of Russian literature. The former has become synonymous with have it both ways who is good at profiteering in disguise. The latter has become a symbol of the conformist, timid and afraid of change.
The following is a more detailed introduction:
Chekhov, I'm the one. (антонпавловичехр)1860 65438 Grandfather was a redeemed serf. Father opened a grocery store, 1876 went bankrupt and the whole family moved to Moscow. However, Chekhov stayed alone in Taganrog, making a living as a tutor and continuing his studies. 65438-0879 entered the medical department of Moscow University. 1884 After graduation, he practiced medicine in Rhodes, Vignau and other places, got in touch with civilians extensively and learned about life, which had a good influence on his literary creation.
From 65438 to 1980 in Russia, the reactionary censorship of books and periodicals was unprecedentedly strict, and vulgar and boring humorous publications were all the rage. Chekhov often contributes to such magazines under the pseudonym of Antonia Chekhov (such as Dragonfly and Fragments). The short story A Letter to a Learned Neighbor (1880) What are the most common novels, such as humorous sketches, novels and novellas? (1880) is his early published work. Before the mid-1980s, he wrote a large number of humorous sketches and short stories, many of which were worthless jokes and funny stories, but there were also some excellent works, which inherited the fine democratic tradition of Russian literature and criticized the ugly phenomenon of society at that time, such as writing about small officials who bullied others (on a nail, the death of an official, The winner's victory) 1996 the gentry and nobles who abused the weak (English women 1883), the slave bones of have it both ways (chameleon 1884), the defenders of the autocratic system (Sergeant Priscilla Beyev 1885). However, due to his lack of livelihood and experience, he mainly wanted to hurry up and produce more. 1886 in March, the famous writer Grigorovic wrote to demand respect for his talent. He was deeply inspired and began to take creation seriously. 1886 wrote Wanka, Distress and Longing for Sleep, which showed the writer's deep sympathy for the poor workers. 1888 published the famous novella Prairie, which depicts and praises the nature of the motherland, ponders the fate of farmers and expresses people's desire for a happy life. The naming day (1888) and the duchess (1889) exposed the habits of hypocrisy, vanity and vulgarity. These works have made remarkable progress in ideological content and artistic skills. However, Chekhov, influenced by the petty-bourgeois environment, did not ask politics at this time, but only "wanted to be a free artist" and "the absolute freedom". Since 1886, he has been writing for the New Era published by reactionary scholar Suvorin. Although he got the advice of critic Mihailovski, he still kept in touch with it. 1888 10 Chekhov won half of the Pushkin Prize. At this time, he has been the author of five short stories (the story of Mel Pomney,1884; Colorful stories,1886; In the dark,1887; Naive words,1887; Collection of short stories, 1888). With the increasing reputation and status, he is strongly aware of his sense of social responsibility as a writer, and seriously thinks about the purpose of life and the significance of creation. He said: "A conscious life without a clear world outlook is not a life, but a burden and a terrible thing." This ideological image is reflected in the novella Boring Story (1889).
From this period, Chekhov began to create plays. Marriage (1890) and the harm of tobacco (1886), fool (1888), marriage proposal (1888 ~ 1889), I. The script Ivanov (1887 ~ 1889) criticized the "redundant people" who lacked firm belief and could not stand the test of life in the 1980s.
From April 1890 to February 18, Chekhov, who was sickly, made a long journey to sakhalin island, where the czar's government placed exiles and exiles, and investigated all the residents there and "nearly 10,000 prisoners and immigrants" one by one. The trip to Sakhalin Island improved his ideological consciousness and artistic conception. In 189 1, he said in his letter: "... if I am a writer, I need to live among the people ... I need at least a little social life and political life, even a little." He began to realize that writing for New Times would only bring him "harm", and finally broke off relations with this publication at 1893. He had a deep understanding of Russian autocracy, and wrote sakhalin island (1893 ~ 1894) and Exile (1892), and the most important one was the Sixth District (1892). This novella accuses the prison-like czarist Russia of being gloomy and terrible, and at the same time criticizes Tolstoy's dogma of "Don't use violence against violence" which was stubborn not long ago. Lenin was strongly infected after reading it, saying that he "felt terrible", so that "he couldn't stay in his room" and "he felt as if he was locked in the sixth ward".
From 1890 to 1900, Chekhov went to Milan, Venice, Vienna and Paris for recuperation and sightseeing. Since 1892, I have settled in the newly purchased Meryhovo Manor in Sherpukhov County, Moscow Province. From 65438 to 0898, Chekhov, who suffered from severe tuberculosis, moved to Yalta. 190 1 married Olga knibir, an actor of Moscow Art Theatre. In Yalta, he often met with lev tolstoy, Gorky, Bunin, kuprin and Levitan.
19 The 1990s and the early 20th century were the heyday of Chekhov's creation. At that time, the Russian liberation movement entered a new stage of proletarian revolution. Encouraged by the revolutionary class, the democratic spirit among students and other residents gradually became active. Chekhov also gradually overcame the tendency of not asking about politics and actively participated in social activities: 1892, rescued the famine in Nizhny Novgorod and Voronezh provinces; 1892 to 1893, participating in the cholera fighting work in Sherpukhov County; 1897 to participate in the census; 1898 supported the just action of the French writer Zola in defending Dreyfus, and thus alienated the relationship with Suvorin; 1902, in order to protest against the decision of the czar authorities to cancel the qualification of honorary academician of Gorky Academy of Sciences, he and Korolenko gave up the title of honorary academician of Academy of Sciences obtained in 1900; 1903 he sponsored persecuted young students to fight for democracy and freedom. His democratic stance became more and more firm, his observation of social life became more and more profound, his premonition of the brewing revolution became more and more clear, and he gradually saw a faint "fire" from the dark reality. His creation has entered a new stage. He emphasized that works of art should have clear ideas (The Seagull,1896); He came into contact with major social problems in a series of works. For example, Farmers (1897) reflects the poverty of farmers' material life and spiritual life with sober realism: extreme poverty, ignorance, backwardness and barbarism; In the Canyon (1900) also describes the rural bourgeoisie-the rich peasants' crazy plunder and cruel nature of wealth. These novels are a powerful refutation of populists who beautify the life of rural communes. The theme of exposing capitalism can also be found in The Kingdom of Women (1894) and Three Years (1895). Interview (1898) shows that the capitalist "devil" not only crushes the workers, but also tortures the conscience of the descendants of factory owners. They realize that life is meaningless and unreasonable, so they are deeply depressed. The drama Uncle Vanya (1897) describes the tragic fate of intellectuals who have no real ideals and serious goals, and their honest and selfless work eventually becomes meaningless sacrifice. The Woman with a Dog (1899) takes love as its theme, exposing vulgarity and hypocrisy, and arousing readers' "aversion to a muddled and half-dead life". "A House with an Attic" (1896) and "My Life" (1896) denied the "trivial" theory that prevailed in the 1980s and 1990s, criticized the progressive ideas of liberals, and thought that "a stronger, braver and faster way of struggle" was needed to get out of daily activities. His creation gradually sounded "can't live like this anymore!" Sound. In The Trap Man (1898), it reveals the suppression of society by reactionary forces in the 1980s, its conservatism and weakness, and lashes the trap man's habits that existed at that time. In gooseberry (1898) and Yao Neiqi (1898), he described the emptiness and depravity of a selfish and humble person curled up in a small world of personal happiness, pointing out that "what people need is not a land of three Russian feet, nor a manor, but the whole earth, the whole nature and that vastness.
With the further upsurge of social movements in the early 20th century, Chekhov realized that a powerful and sweeping "storm" was coming, and the bad habits of laziness, indifference and aversion to labor in society would be swept away. He praised labor and hoped that everyone would use their own labor to prepare for a better future (three sisters, 1900 ~ 190 1). The Bride (1903), written on the eve of the revolution in 1905, expressed the desire to "turn over a new leaf" and move towards a new life. The script cherry orchard (1903 ~ 1904) shows the inevitable decline of the nobility and its historical process of being replaced by the emerging bourgeoisie, and at the same time shows the optimism of resolutely bidding farewell to the past and yearning for a happy future: the axe sound of cherry orchard's logging is accompanied by "Long live the new life!" Cheers. However, because Chekhov's ideological position has never gone beyond the scope of democracy, the newcomers in his works do not know the only way to create a new life, and the "new life" they yearn for is always just a hazy vision.
1June, 904, Chekhov went to Badenville, Germany for treatment because of his illness. He died there in July 15, and his body was transported back to Moscow for burial.
Chekhov created a lyrical psychological novel with unique style and concise and delicate art. He intercepted ordinary fragments of daily life, described and portrayed life and characters with exquisite artistic details, and showed important social contents from it. This kind of novel is lyrical, expressing his dissatisfaction with ugly reality and longing for a better future, and integrating praise and criticism, joy and pain into the image system of his works. He believes that "the sister of genius is concise" and "the ability to write is the ability to delete poor writing". He advocated "objective" narrative, saying that "the more objective, the deeper the impression". He trusts readers' imagination and understanding ability, and advocates readers to ponder the meaning of works from the image system.
The theme, tendency and style of Chekhov's drama creation are basically similar to his lyric psychological novels. He does not pursue bizarre twists and turns, but describes ordinary daily life and characters, from which he reveals important aspects of social life. Chekhov's plays are rich in subtext and lyricism. His realism is full of inspiring power and profound symbolic significance. Seagull and cherry orchard are his original artistic symbols. Stanislavski, Danchenko and Moscow Art Theatre (founded in 1898) cooperated creatively with Chekhov and made great innovations in stage festivals.
Chekhov occupies a place in world literature. He is as famous as Mo Bosang for his short stories. Many writers in Europe and America have talked about the influence of Chekhov's creation on 20th century literature. In China, shortly after Chekhov's death, novels such as Pastor in Black and Ward 6 were translated and introduced. His plays Hai Ou, Uncle Vanya, Three Sisters and cherry orchard were translated into Chinese by Zheng Zhenduo and Cao Jinghua on 192 1 and 1925 respectively. Later, Lu Xun Art Academy performed Fool, Proposal and Memorial Day in Yan 'an. Qu Qiubai, Lu Xun, Mao Dun, Guo Moruo and Ba Jin all discussed Chekhov. Almost all his novels and plays are translated into Chinese.
"On the stage, we must make everything as complicated as life and as simple as life. People eat, just eat, but at this time their happiness is formed, or their lives are ruined. "
-Chekhov
/question/ 16 16000 . html
Lu Xun [188 1 September 25th ~19361October 19], China writer, thinker and revolutionary. Yucai was originally named Zhou Shuren and was born in Shaoxing, Zhejiang. Born in a dilapidated feudal family. Youth was influenced by the theory of evolution, Nietzsche's superman philosophy and Tolstoy's thought of fraternity. 1902 went to Japan to study, originally studied medicine at Sendai Medical College, and then worked in literature and art in an attempt to change the national spirit. 1905- 1907 participated in revolutionary activities and published papers such as Moro Poetry and Cultural Prejudice. During this period, I was ordered by my mother to return to China to get married, and my wife Zhu An. 1909 Co-translated the Collection of Foreign Novels with his brother Zhou Zuoren to introduce foreign literature. He returned to China in the same year and taught in Hangzhou and Shaoxing. After the Revolution of 1911, he served as a member of the Nanjing Provisional Government and the Ministry of Education of Beijing Government, and taught in Peking University and Women's Normal University. 19 18 in may, the diary of a madman, the first vernacular novel in the history of modern literature in China, was published for the first time under the pseudonym of Lu Xun, which laid the foundation stone of the new literature movement. He participated in the work of New Youth magazine around the May 4th Movement and became the leader of the May 4th New Culture Movement. From 19 18 to 1926, he successively created and published novels, vagrancy, essays, graves, essays, poems, weeds, essays, hot air, canopy and the continuation of canopy. Among them, the novella The True Story of Ah Q published in19212 is an immortal masterpiece in the history of modern literature in China. 1in August, 926, he was wanted by the Beiyang warlord government for supporting the patriotic movement of Beijing students, and served as the head of the Chinese Department of Xiamen University. 1927 1 month, went to Guangzhou, the revolutionary center at that time, and served as the academic director of Sun Yat-sen University. 1927 10 arrived in Shanghai and began to live with his student Xu Guangping. 1929, son Zhou Haiying was born. 1930, successively participated in China Freedom Movement League, China Left-wing Writers League and China Civil Rights Protection League, resisting the dictatorship and political persecution of the Kuomintang government. From 1927 to 1936, he created most of the works and a large number of essays in the Collection of Historical Novels, which were included in Ji You, Sanxian, Erxin, Mobilizing from the South to the North, Pseudo-Free Book, Quasi-Romantic Talk and Lace. Lu Xun's life has made great contributions to China's cultural undertakings: he led and supported literary groups such as "The Unknown Society" and "Chaohua Society"; Editor-in-chief of literary periodicals such as National New Newspaper Supplement [B], Mangyuan, Yusi, Running, Germination and Translation; Enthusiastic care and active cultivation of young authors; Vigorously translate foreign progressive literary works and introduce famous paintings and woodcuts at home and abroad; Collect, study and sort out a large number of classical documents, compile A Brief History of Chinese Fiction, Outline of China Literature History, sort out Ji, compile Miscellaneous Notes on Old Books in Huiji County, Gougu Novels, Legends of Tang and Song Dynasties, Notes on Old Novels and so on. 19361June19 died of tuberculosis in Shanghai. Tens of thousands of Shanghai citizens spontaneously held public sacrifices and funerals and were buried in Hongqiao International Cemetery. 1956, Lu Xun's body was buried in Hongkou Park, and Mao Zedong wrote an inscription for the reconstructed Lu Xun's tomb. Complete Works of Lu Xun (20 volumes) 1938 published. After the founding of New China, the translated works of Lu Xun have been compiled into Complete Works of Lu Xun (ten volumes), Translated Works of Lu Xun (ten volumes), Diary of Lu Xun (two volumes) and Letters from Lu Xun, and various ancient books edited by Lu Xun have also been reprinted. 198 1 year, The Complete Works of Lu Xun (16) was published. Luxun Museum and Memorial Hall have been established in Beijing, Shanghai, Shaoxing, Guangzhou and Xiamen. Dozens of novels, essays, poems and essays by Lu Xun were selected into Chinese textbooks for primary and secondary schools. The novels Blessing, The True Story of Ah Q and Medicine were adapted into movies.
/question/3330392.html
Xiao Jun was originally named Liu Honglin. Liu is also known as,. In addition to Xiao Jun, his pen names include Saburo and Tian Jun. Xiao Jun was born in 1907, Xianianpangou Village, Yixian County, Liaoning Province (now Jinxian County).
1929, Xiao Jun wrote his first vernacular novel "cowardice ...", which was published in Shenyang Shengjing Times on May/0/0, 2004 under the pseudonym "Yan". The novel angrily exposed the atrocities committed by warlords against soldiers. Later, Xiao Jun published novels such as Duanyang Festival, Whip Marks, Whistle and Lonely Grave in Shengjing Times.
At the beginning of 1932, Jun Xiao arrived in Harbin. Officially began his literary career and became a member of the revolutionary literature team led by the party's underground organization. /kloc-in the autumn of 0/933, he and Xiao Hong jointly printed a collection of short stories named Trekking. Among them, there are six novels by Xiao Jun, such as The Orphan Baby, Candle Heart, Peach Thread, What Happens, Crazy Man and Hunter.
1In mid-June, 934, he left his hometown in Northeast China and came to Shanhaiguan. In Qingdao, Jun Xiao and Hong Xiao are editing the supplement of Qingdao Morning Post. Xiao Jun finished his famous work Village in August at school. 1In July, 935, Xiao Jun illegally published the novel Village in August at his own expense, which immediately caused a sensation in the literary world and established Xiao Jun's position in the history of modern literature in China.
In art, the countryside in August has distinctive features. First of all, it strongly attracts readers with its strong local color. Secondly, in characterization, Xiao Jun can not only accurately grasp the sacrifice and outline of characters, but also be good at meticulous brushwork, and often combine the two to describe them. In addition, the style of Village in August is simple and vigorous, filled with an irresistible force, which can be said to be the art of "strength". This artistic style is especially reflected in the generalization and exploration of social life.
During this period, Jun Xiao was very creative. After August Village, he published a collection of short stories "Sheep and the River", a collection of essays "The Story of Green Leaves on October 15th" and a novella "A Trickle". It is on this basis that Xiao Jun began to write his masterpiece The Third Generation. From the spring of 1936, I wrote it intermittently for nearly twenty years before I finished it all. With great boldness of vision, this masterpiece fully and truly reproduces the social reality of Northeast China under the rule of imperialism and feudal warlords during the old democratic revolution.
I went to Yan 'an 1940 for the second time in June. From then on, Jun Xiao lived and worked in Yan 'an until the end of winter in 1945. He used to be director of Lu Xun Research Association, director of "Literary Federation" branch, editor-in-chief of Literature Monthly, and teacher of Lu Xun College of Literature.
After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, he returned to Harbin on September 23rd 1946 after a long absence of 12 years. Jun Xiao has served as Dean of the College of Literature and Art of Northeastern University, President of Lu Xun Culture Publishing House and Editor-in-Chief of Culture Newspaper. At this time, there was an argument between Culture Daily and Life Daily. At that time, the "Decision on Xiao Jun" made by the Central Dongbeiju confirmed the political persecution of Xiao Jun. Since then, Xiao Jun has been excluded from the literary and art circles and lost for 30 years.
Xiao Jun wrote many works such as Mine in May, History of Wu Yue in the Spring and Autumn Period, and The End of the Third Generation in extremely difficult adversity. Even in the turbulent decade, he did not put down his pen and wrote many poems. In recent years, some important works such as Lu Xun's Notes on Xiao Hong's Letter to Xiao Jun, Xiao Hong's Notes and Xiao Jun's Recent Works have been published one after another.
These works written by Xiao Jun after liberation are not only more profound in thought, but also better in art. In recent years, Xiao Jun has also published Xiao Jun's Recent Works, Xiao Hong's Notes, Lu Xun's Notes on Xiao Hong's Letter to Xiao Jun and other works, which not only preserve valuable literary historical materials, but also are very exquisite prose art treasures. In particular, the last two works named Annotations are actually unique works of art. ..
After the downfall of the Gang of Four, the party completely rehabilitated Comrade Xiao Jun, restored his reputation, made a fair conclusion in line with historical facts, fully affirmed his historical achievements of "joining the national liberation movement in his early years, propagating the anti-Japanese and national salvation with his own literary creation, and opposing the traitor policy and dictatorship of the Kuomintang reactionaries", revoked the "Decision on Xiao Jun" of Dongbeiju 1948, and overthrew the "Gang of Four".
/archive/ Ren Ming /mingrendangan.php? num= 1857