When analyzing materials, ask yourself five questions:
What are the main problems reflected in the 1. material?
2. What is the logical relationship between materials?
3. What are the manifestations of the problem?
4. What is the root of the problem?
5. What are the countermeasures?
Second, the basic routine of reading: one hook, two possibilities and three classifications. Three times and four steps, taking 30-40 minutes.
Step 1: Mark paragraphs and outline key words or sentences.
1. First and last sentence principle
2. The principle of related words
3。 Principles of common words: root, harm, education, system, leadership, laws and regulations, supervision, implementation, experience and lessons, investigation, data display, reflection, seeing, telling, according to XXX, according to reports, preliminary speculation, analysis, emphasis, pointing out and thinking.
Step 2: Summarize the general idea of the paragraph.
Generally, keywords can be marked, but in the end, it is important to grasp the integrity of materials, the relevance between materials, the important position of materials in the whole application materials, and from which angle it is most beneficial for you to analyze. Pay special attention to typical phenomena, examples and charts.
Step 3: Sort out the relationship between materials.
Horizontal principle: juxtapose four phenomena such as political, economic, social and cultural reasons, A, B, C and D, etc. Contradictory relationship between positive and negative aspects, achievements and problems.
Vertical principle: the structure of raising, analyzing and solving problems.
Multi-level principle breaks through the simple horizontal and vertical relationship to classify, and it is also the trend of future proposition from the perspective of material complexity.
Step 4: Summarize the main contents
First of all, pay attention to the identity set for yourself.
The main idea is outstanding, and the universal mode is applied. A rigid pattern. P2 1
If you carry out the four-step method three times, you will be half successful.
Third, put forward the basic ideas of countermeasures.
The first step: take advantage of the particularity of contradiction. Find out the root of the problem-first find out the negative effects of specific social phenomena, and then find out the reasons according to the analysis.
Causal analysis, the most commonly used method, should be good at using dialectical thinking analysis in the process of finding reasons. Proceed from objective reality, look at the problem from a developmental and contact perspective, and adhere to the key theory and two-point theory (multivariate analysis of differences).
1. When analyzing internal and external causes, we should pay attention to the interaction and transformation of internal and external causes under certain conditions.
2. Interest analysis, that is, thematic analysis, is based on thematic analysis. Only by finding the interest subject can we clarify the interests of all parties, find ways to meet the reasonable interests of different subjects, and finally solve social contradictions.
3. Multi-angle analysis: political, economic, cultural, social, historical, realistic, internal and external, as comprehensive as possible.
SWOT analysis: strengths, weaknesses (what enterprises can do), opportunities and threats (what enterprises can do).
Step 2: Make use of the universality of contradictions and learn the eight universal laws. (Portrait of internal and external cause analysis and multi-angle analysis)
Length of leadership attention, improve understanding.
2. Strengthen publicity and create an atmosphere.
3. Improve the quality of education and training
4. Improve policies and regulations and improve the system.
5. Formation mechanism of organization and coordination.
6. Increase investment and rely on science and technology.
7. Strengthen supervision and fully implement it.
8. Summarize reflection and learn from experience.
Specific measures and common sentence patterns
1. Leaders attach importance to and raise awareness.
Implement the responsibility system for top leaders
Establish and improve the system of taking the blame and resigning.
Establish and improve the leadership accountability system
Put it. . . . . Put on the agenda
Strengthen the investigation and study of the problem and sort it out from the source. . . . The ins and outs of the problem.
Enhance. . . . realize
Advocate. . . . The idea of
2. Strengthen publicity and create an atmosphere.
Television, newspapers, internet and other media should be publicized in various forms. . . . Raise people's awareness of …. . . Understand.
Public opinion concerns
Implement a typical demonstration
Social demonstration
Create the consciousness of the whole society. . . . Good cultural atmosphere
3. Improve the quality of education and training
Yes . . . Improve the education and training level of leading cadres, workers and the masses. . . quality
4. Improve policies and regulations and improve the system.
Establish and improve various systems (laws) so that there are laws to follow, right. . . Hell to pay, if the circumstances are serious, criminal responsibility shall be investigated.
excitation system
Stakeholder system
Division of labor system
Rule system
Punishment system
Decision-making system: including social conditions and public opinion response system, social publicity system, social hearing system, expert consultation system, decision-making demonstration system and responsibility system.
5. Formation mechanism of organization and coordination.
Form a scientific decision-making mechanism that deeply understands people's feelings, fully reflects people's opinions, gathers the wisdom of several people, and earnestly cherishes people's resources.
Wit to prevent emergencies (preparing emergency plans and increasing manpower, material resources and financial reserves) and guarantee mechanism.
Organizational mechanism and coordination mechanism: including sending working groups, setting up specialized agencies and increasing personnel.
Establish and improve various supervision mechanisms.
Form an information feedback mechanism
Organize experts to formulate. . . Detailed implementation rules in this field.
6. Increase investment and rely on science and technology.
Yes . On the other hand, increase financial input.
Add to the right. . . Financial and loan support
Rely on. . Technology, solve. . question
7. Strengthen supervision and fully implement it.
Strengthen social supervision (mass supervision) and set up a hotline (report mailbox)
Media supervision or public opinion supervision?
Leadership or superior supervision
Establish and improve a systematic and rigorous evaluation index system.
Intensify rectification efforts
Those who violate the law must be investigated, and law enforcement must be strict: those responsible must be severely punished.
Even if the problem is found to be corrected, the violation of discipline against the wind will be strictly investigated and will not be tolerated.
The right must be responsible, the right to use it is supervised, and the law is prosecuted (emphasizing the control of power)
Ignore everything. . . Violate. . . Behavior should be boldly exposed and publicly exposed. . . This work is supervised by the people and public opinion.
The 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed to strengthen the restriction and supervision of power, establish a power operation mechanism with reasonable structure, scientific allocation, strict procedures and effective restriction, strengthen the supervision of rights from decision-making to implementation, and ensure that the rights entrusted by the people are really used for the benefit of the people.
8. Summarize reflection and learn from experience.
To sum it up. . . . Experience and lessons of
Draw lessons from various advanced experiences at home and abroad.
Attention should be paid to the particularity of contradictions, and specific problems should be analyzed in detail. The Eight Universal Laws are not omnipotent, but without them, we can't do anything. If it can be used, if it is not suitable, there is no need to cover everything.
The third step is to evaluate scientific and effective countermeasures.
1. When the questions reflect many problems, only by grasping a main line according to the given function of the questions and involving various problems from different angles can we put forward a plan to treat both the symptoms and the root causes.
2. The feasibility of countermeasures, the plan should be able to solve the problems existing in the real society, who will implement it, how to implement it, when to implement it, and under what conditions. In short, we should consider all aspects, try our best to overcome the factors that are contrary to it, and avoid being divorced from the century and doing nothing.
3. Countermeasures should conform to the functions of government departments. Be legal.
Fourth, the basic routines of argumentative writing
Three elements: argument, argument and argument.
Parameters:
Grasp the test questions as a whole, and choose the most profound, practical and beneficial arguments from the different viewpoints obtained. Arguments should have a political height, see the essence of things clearly, be predictable, be summarized, have a correct position, have a clear attitude and be original.
The ways to highlight the argument are: make the argument of the article into a movie as the title, summarize the material in the first paragraph, and divide the second paragraph into separate paragraphs to name the argument. Each sub-argument is closely related to the general argument, with the beginning and end taking care of the general argument and the last paragraph summarizing the general argument. We should pay attention to sentence patterns such as complex sentences and conditional sentences, use language flexibly, and repeatedly emphasize the importance, inevitability and significance of restatement of the general argument.
Argument: true, typical, comprehensive and fresh. Including concrete or generalized examples, statistics or charts, personal experiences, quotations, axioms and so on.
set an example
You can use examples, quotations, theoretical arguments (through analysis, judgment and other reasoning means to analyze things and problems to reveal the relationship between arguments and arguments, which can be divided into causal deduction and multi-angle deduction, usually not. . . Just ... . . ), hypothetical argument, comparative argument (horizontal, vertical, contrast), metaphorical argument, and reduction to fallacy.
Three structures and three stages are the general idea.
1. Question: Quote the material and get to the point.
2. Problem analysis: Closely combine the materials and apply dialectics, focus theory and two-point theory. From this to that, from appearance to essence, from micro to macro, from special to general.
3. Problem solving: To be organized, it is best to handle the previous problems well. Plans involving the responsibilities of relevant departments should reflect the spirit of performing their duties, doing their best and working together.
Five breakthrough points of scoring
Outline: the beginning and end of each paragraph at the beginning of the title.
Title: It must be the central argument or reflect the central argument, P42 general title.
Beginning: explain the origin of the event, reveal the theme and talk about the influence of the theme. There are narrative, introduction and rhetoric P44, templates.
Conclusion: Summing up, emphasizing deepening the theme (positive or negative innovation), raising hopes or appeals to the theoretical level, can generally be included in the discourse system of "scientific development-social justice-harmonious society". General sentence P45.
Transition:
Transition section: between the three parts, the article can be structured and the paragraphs are clear. The first half summarizes the previous paragraph, and the second half leads to the next paragraph.
Turning sentence: it can be used at the beginning of a paragraph to summarize the previous paragraph, or at the end of a sentence to lead to the next paragraph, or to summarize materials, or to indicate a turning point, or to ask questions.
Turning words and conjunctions.
Universal eight formula:
1. Leaders attach importance to and raise awareness.
2. Strengthen publicity and create an atmosphere.
3. Education and training to improve quality
4. Improve policies, regulations and systems.
5. Organization, coordination and formation mechanism
6. Increase investment and rely on science and technology.
7. Strengthen supervision and fully implement it.
8. Summarize reflection and learn from experience.