; "Sound" is the angle of hearing; "State" is divided into dynamic and static; "Taste" is the angle of touch. 1. Performance: narration, description, lyricism, discussion and explanation; 2. Rhetoric: metaphor, personification, parallelism, exaggeration, repetition, metonymy, rhetorical question, rhetorical question, quotation and comparison; 3. Discussion classification: 1, substantive discussion, factual discussion and procedural discussion; 2. Science exhibition. Time sequence: historical sequence, time sequence, alternating sequence of four seasons, morning and evening (sequence) sequence 2. Spatial order: Pay attention to the noun 3 indicating the direction. Logical order: summarize first and then divide, from primary to secondary, from external to internal, from simple to complex, from this to that, from phenomenon to essence, etc. 5. Explain the method: explain the function of the method, such as enumerating numbers, comparing, giving examples, comparing and classifying. Illustration: It vividly illustrates the interest of the article. Example: Explain the characteristics of _ _ _ _ _ in detail to make the explanation more specific and convincing. Comparison: comparing _ _ _ _ _ and _ _ _ _ with each other highlights _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. Flashback, narrative insertion (narrative description) VII. Methods of character description: 1, portrait (appearance) description, action description, expression description, language description and psychological activity description; 2. Front description and side comparison. Common writing methods and expression techniques: association, imagination, symbol, comparison, contrast, setting off, setting off, suppressing before promoting, seeing the big from the small, expressing ambition with things, reasoning with things, expressing feelings with things, expressing feelings with scenes, and blending scenes. The function of sentences in the structure of articles. Take care of the full text, echo from beginning to end, summarize the full text, point the topic and promote the development of the plot. 10. Functions of sentences in expressing feelings: Rendering atmosphere, setting off characters (or feelings), highlighting the center (revealing the theme), highlighting the theme (deepening the center) Description of social environment Main functions: 1, explaining the background of works. 2. When you answer, you must combine the local background at that time and point out what kind of social reality is revealed by the relevant statements of environmental description in the text. The main functions of natural environment description (scenery description) sentences are: 1, expressing regional scenery and prompting time, season and environmental characteristics; 2. Promote the development of the plot; 3. Render the atmosphere; 4. Contrast characters (or characters' moods and feelings); Analysis of the function of sentences in the structure of the article: 1. To the above (or full text): refer to the above, echo from beginning to end, and summarize the above (or full text); 2. For the following: cause the following, pave the way, pave the way; 3. Context: connecting the preceding with the following (transition).
(3) The accumulation and application of Chinese test-taking methods and skills. 1. Writing topic: 1. Seriously standardize writing; 2. There are no typos; Don't scribble and change, copy the draft paper after it is written. 4. Learn to examine questions. Second, multiple-choice questions: 1, direct election method 2, exclusion method 3, the principle of modifying sick sentences: you can change one place without changing two places. 1, delete 2, add 3, replace 4, transpose 5, reorganize 4, read famous works: The Water Margin, The Journey to the West, Romance of the Three Kingdoms, How Steel was Tempered, Robinson Crusoe ... 1, characters: name, nickname, appearance, personality, main deeds. We should also adapt to the language environment and pay attention to occasions, speakers and manners. Format: polite language+expression content+inquiry 2 imitation: consistent with the structure, rhetoric, expression mode and expression technique of example sentences; The content is consistent, the meaning is coherent, and the topic is unified. 3. Abbreviation: it meets the compression requirements and should be universal; Find the central sentence and paragraph; Find out the main components; Eliminate interference items. 4. Sentence transformation: the transformation between declarative sentences, rhetorical questions and exclamatory sentences; Direct narration turns into reporting. Reading skills, rhetorical methods and expressive functions, metaphor, personification: vividly display and express emotions. Parallelism: express, express, enhance language potential and strengthen feelings. Question: Ask yourself and answer yourself, arouse readers' thinking and make the article ups and downs. Rhetorical question: strengthen tone, enhance language potential, express (emotion), and make the article ups and downs. Mode: (1). Point out the way of expression. What to display (3). What feelings did you express? For example, this sentence vividly shows that the main function of paragraph sentences in the article is: (it must be answered from both content and structure) 1. Structurally, it follows the top, opens the bottom, guides the bottom (guides the bottom), connects the front and the bottom (transitions), and takes care of the front (starts). 2. Content: Start with the topic, express emotions, point out the center, deepen the theme, and make the finishing point. 3. Writing: Rendering the atmosphere, expressing the will with objects, seeing the big from the small, setting suspense, paving the way for the later article, trying to push first, expressing the will with objects, etc. The function of symbolizing and expressing will: make the expression euphemistic, implicit, profound and touching. The function of environmental description: explain the time and place and reveal the background of the times; Render the atmosphere, contrast the emotions of the characters, show the characters' personality and promote the development of the plot. Evaluate emotions: Yes, Agree or Disagree, Good? Comprehension: Put forward opinions on the problem in combination with the theme and personal life experience. Enlightenment comes from the original text; Evaluation shows attitude and reason. Pay special attention to whether to answer all questions by giving examples or combining them with practice. Know the common methods of describing characters and understand their functions. Methods include: ① positive description: language, action, psychology, behavior and appearance; ② Side (indirect) description: other people or things; ③ Detailed description; (4) the environment sets off the characters' emotions. ⑤ Emotional tendency of words. The function of praise and criticism color is to reveal the character and show the inner world and mental outlook of the character. The role of the non-hero in the text: contrast and contrast make the hero's personality characteristics more distinct and prominent. Question about layout: Question method: What is the function of a sentence (paragraph) in the text? Answer: 1. Foreword: the opening point; Take care of the problem; The full text of the general manager; Render the atmosphere and pave the way; Set suspense as the auxiliary bedding behind. 2. Text: connecting the preceding with the following; Below the general collar; Summarize the above; Echoing the previous article. 3. At the end of the article: point out the center; Sublimate feelings and deepen the theme; Take care of the beginning and have a rigorous structure; Make the finishing point; The lines are full of meaning. I'm afraid of my father. He really hit me. Seeing his eyes wide open, he approached step by step, but he dared not hide. He tensed his muscles and waited, so he patted him and his head buzzed ... (from Han Yu's Fear between Father and Son) Q: Please analyze the role of the first natural paragraph (that is, the above paragraph) in the work. Answer: (1) as a foil to write my father's love for "I" below; (2) To pave the way for writing father's fear of "I" at the end of the article; (3) Take care of the topic of "fear between father and son". Questions about expression techniques: artistic questioning methods: What are the benefits, effects and functions of writing this article? Answer mode: method+content+effect (or function) answer example: the trend of generations of Chinese descendants traveling to the sea has its own distinct background, color and connotation, which cannot be generalized, but it is a silhouette of the ups and downs of the times and the splashing of waves in the mighty progress of history. The cohesion of national centripetal force does not depend on geographical distance. Our first generation of overseas Chinese put up with hardships and sent them abroad to have children, but they have been looking forward to China for generations and will never forget the feelings of Sangzi. They all gave generously when the motherland needed it. Hong Kong Island, from ordinary residents to owners, gentlemen, gentlemen and celebrities of Hanyuan, enthusiastically donated money to the mainland, sharing weal and woe and showing solidarity and friendship. This is a touching example. Q: The fourth paragraph of this article (that is, the above) describes the trend of generations of descendants of the Yellow Emperor traveling far and wide, praising them for their love for Mori Zi and their generosity, which is closely related to the motherland. Please combine the complex and analyze the function and benefits of this writing. A: Raising the local complex to the height of national cohesion has enriched and deepened the meaning of the local complex. It specifically shows that the local complex will not fade because of the long time (history) and the barrier of space (geography). It not only takes care of the beginning, but also deepens the theme of this article. Personal question: What are the advantages of this personal writing? Or: Why change this person? Answer mode: first person continuation: cordial, natural and true, suitable for psychological description; The second person said: it is convenient for emotional communication, lyrical and anthropomorphic; Third person: objective and calm, not limited by time and space, easy to describe and discuss. For example, fantasy is fantasy after all, and closure cannot be closed. How many ghosts of princess fan came back with the sound in the moonlight. How many frost bows and arrows shoot sharp arrows and break the throat. Jimen was razed to the ground, Yantai was destroyed, and the sword whistling in the wind overturned the eyes. As a result, people found that the side wall is no longer a barrier, and the purple plug is no longer a spectacle. Become ridiculous, as if being ridiculed by time and space. Under the wind and sand erosion, it aged prematurely. So I said, you are a symbol of cultural stupidity, the Great Wall! Q: In this essay, the author mainly writes about the Great Wall in the second person. What are the advantages of this writing? (2) The third person "it" is used at the end of the sixth paragraph. What is the reason? Answer: (1) personify the Great Wall: A. It is convenient to talk to the Great Wall and B. It is convenient to express feelings. (2) Because this sentence is based on "it was discovered", it describes the feelings of "people", rather than the author directly expressing his feelings to the Great Wall.
Question about summarizing the main points of the content: Question method: Please summarize the main points of a paragraph (or full text). Answer mode: there are three steps: the first step is to divide the level of this paragraph, the second step is to extract keywords, and the third step is to integrate answers. My mother likes flowers, and so do I. I live in Shimen Township, and there are two small yards in front and behind, so I plant a lot of miscellaneous plants, and I will also produce many beautiful flowers according to the season. Sometimes sitting in front of the porch, sweet-scented osmanthus exudes a faint fragrance, and I feel like I am quiet and quaint. In the evening of summer, the jasmine will always bloom, and pick two or three flowers in your hand. All the memories of youth will appear in front of my eyes with its fragrance. I think, maybe I don't like flowers, but all the lost time. Behind every flower, there are my cherished memories. (Excerpted from Xi Murong's The World of Flowers) Q: The reasons why I love flowers in this passage can be summarized into three points. Please summarize. Analysis: among the four sentences, it is obvious that the first two sentences are each a layer, and the last two sentences are a layer. Then the key words such as "mother's love for flowers", "quiet and quaint" and "cherish memory" are extracted from each layer, and finally the answers are integrated. A: (1) influenced by my mother's love of flowers. (2) Flowers make me quiet and quaint. (3) There are my cherished memories in the flowers. Question about appreciating the characters' images: How to ask questions: Please briefly analyze the image answer of the protagonist in the article: Answer according to the total score (total score). First, make a qualitative analysis of the whole character in one sentence, and then make a quantitative analysis from several aspects; You can also make quantitative analysis from several aspects first, and then make a qualitative summary in one sentence. Example: The hostess soon discovered my unusual behavior, and she smelled the lampblack in the room. Immediately questioned. I was standing in the kitchen, listening to the intoxicated cries of the three brothers. I can accurately distinguish the nuances in their voices. If one of them doesn't scream, I'll concentrate. The hostess said, idiot, you don't need a range hood. Are you out of your mind? When I first worked for her, she called me "literary youth" in four words. These four words were uttered by her in authentic Beijing dialect, which was extremely vicious. Three months after I was hired, she called me an idiot. She said she didn't fire me because I didn't scare her like others did. I motioned for her to keep her voice down and told her that there was a nest of sparrows in the chimney. They are my brothers. The hostess gave me a look from top to bottom (as if I were a monster), leaned forward and walked out of the kitchen. At the door, she squeezed out two words from her teeth-farmer. I like this name. Although equally vicious, I am really a farmer to the core. I don't think it is shameful to be a farmer. (Excerpted from Ernst & Young's Brothers in the Chimney) Q: What kind of character is the "hostess" in the text? Please summarize it in one sentence and give examples. A: This is the image of a city resident who despises migrant workers. For example, the word "farmer" is squeezed out through his teeth. (Or "I" is called "literary youth" and "idiot", which is extremely malicious) Explanatory reading 1. Interpretation method 1. Example: Specific image 2. Metaphor: vivid image 3. Contrast: Highlight 4. Classification: clear organization 5. Number: specific and accurate 6. Definition: scientific and accurate 7. Citation:. Narrative reading 1. Rhetorical method 1. Metaphor: vivid image II. Personification: vivid image 3. Exaggeration: highlight the characteristics 4. Parallelism: emphasis 5. Rhetorical question: clear attitude, strengthened tone 2. Expression 1. Narrator 2. Argument 3 Lyrics 4. Description 5. Description of novel reading environment: 1. Render the atmosphere 2. Explode emotions 3. Express task characteristics or themes 4. Promoting the development of the plot argumentative reading argumentative method 1 example argumentative writing: concrete and powerful 2. Reason argument: authority 3. Metaphorical argument:. Dynamic image 4. Comparative demonstration: the function of comprehensive profound sentences is: (1) to quote the full text at the beginning, (2) to connect the preceding with the following, (3) to quote the following, and (4) to quote the outline at the end.