On the Psychological Health Education of Teenagers —— On the Psychological Health Education of Teenagers' Students
About the author: Mo Xiaojie (1972.09-), male (Zhuang), a junior middle school teacher in Shanbei Township, Qintang City, Guangxi, mainly engaged in mathematics and moral education. After teaching for 20 years, he has won Tantang Excellent Teacher Award, Education and Teaching Achievement Award and Quality Education Management Award for many times.
Pre-adolescence is a period when individual psychology develops rapidly and matures, and it is also a period of great plasticity. Strengthening the psychological education of middle school students is of great significance to promote their healthy physical and mental development. Therefore, on the basis of understanding the psychological characteristics of middle school students and the influencing factors of their psychological quality, teachers should give full play to the role of improving students' psychological quality in the process of teaching and educating people; Give full play to the synergy between school and family, and optimize their psychological growth environment; Establish and improve the mental health service consultation mechanism.
Early adolescence; Middle school students; psychology
The legal definition of the concept of minors is based on age. According to Article 2 of the Law on the Protection of Minors, minors refer to citizens under the age of 18. Psychology generally divides the psychological development stages of minors into infancy, infancy, infancy, childhood and early adolescence.
A well-off society should adhere to the people-oriented principle and take the all-round development of people as a specific goal. Minors are an indispensable part of China citizens. There are about 370 million minors in China, accounting for13 of the total population. Adolescence is a period of positive development and maturity of individual physiological and psychological indicators, so it is the key period and the best period to cultivate individual psychological quality. Mental health is the basis for the healthy growth of minors. Only mentally sound minors can truly become a new force in building a well-off society in an all-round way. At the same time, the healthy growth of minors is also an important symbol of achieving a well-off society in an all-round way. Now this paper focuses on the psychological health education of young middle school students to talk about some of their own views.
Improve the ideological and political quality of middle school students, promote their all-round development, and train them into builders and successors of Socialism with Chinese characteristics. It is of great and far-reaching significance for China to fully implement the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education and strengthening the country through talents. In view of the current situation that the ideological and political education of middle school students is not suitable enough and there are many weak links, we urgently need to further strengthen and improve the relevant work to adapt to the new situation.
1 The importance and necessity of psychological education for middle school students
Middle school education is an important part of China's national education, which promotes the development of national and economic construction by cultivating practical and technical talents. There are many unexpected situations and problems in the development of the school. If these problems cannot be solved well, it will affect the sustainable development of education. With the development of the times and the deepening of education reform, quality education is being accepted by society, teachers and students. ? People-oriented? Promoting the harmonious development of students has become a new concept of education in the new period. Good psychological quality is an important part and embodiment of individual comprehensive quality, and mental health education aiming at improving psychological quality should become an important part of school education.
Middle school students are high-risk groups of psychological problems and diseases. Middle school students are in the early adolescence, and their outlook on life and world is taking shape. Their psychology is not yet mature and their mood fluctuates greatly. Faced with various problems such as living environment, life ideal and reality, especially in the period of social transformation, many people fall into pain, anxiety, disappointment and confusion due to lack of good strategies or improper handling, and some even show intense or abnormal behavior. And a person's psychology is constantly changing and developing. Education plays a particularly important role in the psychological development of young students. It is a purposeful, planned and systematic influence imposed on students by full-time educators, which restricts the process and direction of students' psychological development. According to foreign surveys, the mental health of young students is worrying. The psychological barriers of these students include emotional disorders, bad habits, bad personality and other problems. In China, such students can't get help from school psychologists, and most of them have to endure misunderstanding and blame from teachers and parents, unable to communicate personal problems with others, or even drop out of school. As education departments and educators, we must attach importance to students' psychological health education, master the principles and techniques of psychology as soon as possible, so that every student can maintain a healthy psychological state and good psychological quality, and provide good psychological conditions for receiving quality education in other aspects.
2. Analysis of psychological characteristics and influencing factors of psychological quality of middle school students in the new period.
Judging from the actual situation of nine-year compulsory education in China, ideological and moral education and the teaching and learning of professional knowledge and skills are relatively systematic and effective. In contrast, psychological education has not received due attention. Paying attention to the psychological education of middle school students and improving their psychological quality is an inevitable requirement to improve their comprehensive quality.
2. 1 Psychological characteristics of adolescent students: Whether a middle school student is psychologically healthy depends mainly on whether his psychological activities and personality characteristics are consistent with those of his peers and whether he has strong adaptability to the environment. Generally speaking, middle school students are in adolescence with psychological development, which is an important stage of transition to early adolescence, especially junior high school students. Some people call it? During the hurricane? Or? Extreme instability period? . In psychological development, it naturally reflects the psychological characteristics of this period, which is characterized by general instability and frequent conflicts. The specific manifestations are as follows: First, self-awareness is unstable and immature. The development of middle school students' self-awareness in adolescence is very noticeable. The performance is that from the beginning, I simply accepted the evaluation of others to be able to consciously evaluate myself. Secondly, psychological activities are rich, unstable and impulsive, and sometimes they may show great concern and sympathy for people, but at the same time they may bully weak students for no reason or vent their dissatisfaction with people they don't like; Sometimes I am positive and enthusiastic about others, and sometimes I am ashamed to show my affection for others. This kind of performance has a lot to do with excessive impulse and uncontrollable. Finally, maturity and sexual consciousness germinate, hoping to experience pure love. The importance of sexual maturity to adolescence lies not only in the changes of physiology itself, but also in a series of psychological changes and developments derived from it. Sexual maturity in this period directly leads to the germination of sexual consciousness and admiration for the opposite sex, and the infatuation and demand for the opposite sex need to be actively channeled.
2.2 Analysis of the factors affecting the psychological quality of young students: "Several Opinions of the Central Committee on Further Strengthening and Improving School Moral Education" points out? It is necessary to actively carry out adolescent health education and provide psychological health education and guidance to students of different ages in various ways to help students improve their psychological quality. Improve your personality and enhance your ability to withstand setbacks and adapt to the environment? . To improve the quality of middle school students, we must proceed from the reality of middle school students and analyze the factors affecting their psychological quality.
2.2. 1 from school factors. (1) Psychological maladjustment caused by changes in environment and roles. Many students enter junior high school with a sense of freshness, but after entering school, they find that the actual environment and conditions are not as perfect as they thought, so they have a serious sense of loss and frustration, which breeds loneliness and tension. (2) The influence of the educational process. For a long time, some schools have unilaterally emphasized knowledge education and professional education, ignoring the cultivation of students' all-round quality, resulting in some students blindly pursuing high marks, ignoring the exercise of social practice, and lacking the enthusiasm to participate in various beneficial activities. At the same time, the unharmonious interpersonal atmosphere and unhealthy campus culture will also affect the healthy growth of students. (3) Factors from students themselves. From the subjective point of view of students, the crux of psychological problems is mainly cognitive reasons, such as some only see their own strengths, self-righteous, supercilious; Some only see their own shortcomings, disheartened, lack of confidence and so on.
2.2.2 Social factors. Due to the rapid development of science and technology in the world today, the international competition is increasingly fierce, and various ideas collide fiercely, and people's ideas are extremely active. In this particular historical environment, it will inevitably have a profound impact on students' ideals, beliefs, values and moral sentiments. Bad social culture radiates to the campus, and social depravity and corruption will also destroy students' hearts and hinder their healthy growth to a certain extent. Network is the product of highly developed information today. Its appearance shortens the distance between people and accelerates the transmission of information. With the continuous enrichment of the Internet and the increasing popularity of Internet cafes, Internet cafes have changed from the original study and leisure places to entertainment and leisure centers. The social personnel are becoming more and more complex, which makes the environment of Internet cafes worse and worse. Playing is a great nature of teenagers, so they have a strong interest in it. Under the guidance of interest, they are fascinated by the game and addicted to it. They are confused by the colorful virtual world in the network and deeply immersed in it.
2.3 Factors from family. Different family education and influence have different results. First, some people are very concerned about their children's future, eager for success and have high expectations. However, they lack understanding and communication about children's actual ability, interest needs and psychological state, and often use orders and accusations to force children to learn. In this helpless situation, the students either? Give in? , or? Disgusting? Bad psychological reaction. Second, some over-satisfy children's needs, fearing that their children will be frustrated, and they used to love and take care of their children too much. Even if students make mistakes or have bad behaviors at school, it is also attributed to improper teacher education, which encourages students to have bad psychological qualities such as dependence and loneliness. Third, do some parents treat their children? Hate iron not to produce? Therefore, they lose confidence and let themselves go, which leads to students' arrogance.
3 Countermeasures and suggestions to improve the level of psychological education of middle school students
Psychological quality is the basis of students' comprehensive quality. To strengthen quality education, we must strengthen mental health education. Only by improving students' psychological quality can we solve all kinds of psychological problems. To promote the formation of sound personality and the development of psychological quality of middle school students, we must give full play to the role of teachers in improving students' psychological quality in the process of teaching and educating people; Give full play to the synergy between school and family, and optimize the psychological growth environment; Establish a mental health consultation mechanism to improve their ability to cope with difficulties and setbacks.
3. 1 Give full play to the role of teachers in improving students' psychological quality in the process of teaching and educating people: Giving full play to teachers' teaching and educating people, especially the role of class teachers, is an effective way to improve students' psychological quality. The work of a class teacher is always to do students' ideological and political work, and to cultivate students' healthy personality, noble morality and correct world outlook, outlook on life and values. Therefore, teachers, especially counselors and class teachers, should constantly explore in their daily work, gradually understand and master students' psychology, and improve and perfect the means and methods to solve students' psychology. Counselors and class teachers should be good at understanding students' psychological motivation, especially their learning motivation and behavioral moral motivation, and take cultivating and stimulating students' learning motivation as an important task. Counselors and class teachers should also actively coordinate and straighten out their relationship with students, be tolerant and strict with themselves. Through the work of counselors and class teachers, students can make clear their life goals, correct their attitude towards life, eliminate emotional troubles, overcome their will defects and cultivate their resolute and tenacious will quality. Cultivate students' scientific world outlook and thinking methods, help students get out of psychological misunderstanding, correct cognitive deviation and maintain healthy psychological quality.
3.2 Give full play to the synergy between school and family, and optimize the psychological growth environment: First, purify the campus environment, advocate campus civilization, and advocate healthy and entertaining life. Schools should strengthen the construction of campus spiritual civilization, vigorously build campus culture, form excellent school spirit, teaching style and study style, carry out colorful and positive academic, scientific, artistic and recreational activities, carry out distinctive and attractive theme education activities, attach importance to the construction of campus humanistic environment, and strengthen the construction of school newspapers, school magazines, school radio and television, blackboard newspapers, etc. Resolutely resist the erosion and influence of various harmful cultures and decadent lifestyles on students. Secondly, we should change the concept of running a school, improve the conditions of running a school, create a good learning atmosphere, and promote students' psychological perfection and healthy growth. It is necessary to establish the concept of educating people, strengthen quality education, cultivate all-round talents, and get out of the misunderstanding of attaching importance to wisdom over morality and attaching importance to cultural quality over psychological quality. Finally, extend mental health education to families, give full play to the role of families in students' mental health education, and improve parents' sense of urgency and responsibility in cultivating children's psychological quality. Improve parents' mental health awareness and psychological quality concept, standardize parents' educational methods and behaviors, form a harmonious family atmosphere, and create a harmonious and relaxed growth environment for children while strengthening frustration education.
3.3 Establish and improve the consultation mechanism for mental health services: Establish and improve the consultation mechanism for students' mental health services. Once students have psychological problems or psychological crisis events, students can find appropriate channels instead of taking some harmful negative treatment. Therefore, the school should establish a relatively perfect consultation mechanism for students' mental health services: conduct mental health tests for students, identify and find students with psychological problems in time; We should adopt the way of active tracking service to eliminate students' psychological problems in the bud; Schools should establish and improve the psychological counseling system, and set up psychological hotlines and psychological counseling mailboxes. Let students with psychological problems have a place and opportunity to pour out their psychological confusion and pressure through appropriate channels and means, and avoid behaviors that are not beneficial to themselves and harmful to society because of psychological imbalance.
Teenagers are in a period of rapid changes in psychology, physiology, interpersonal relationship and social status, facing major life issues such as study and job hunting. Psychological stress and psychological distress are great. Coupled with the increased pressure, intensified competition and diversified social stimuli brought about by the acceleration of social change, the psychological confusion of teenagers is further increased and complicated. However, it is precisely because teenagers are in a special period of life development that they are very flexible, and many psychological puzzles they encounter are usually temporary. Therefore, it is necessary to solve all kinds of psychological contradictions and conflicts faced by teenagers and provide adjustment methods to make them achieve psychological balance and prevent deviation psychology; Strengthening the social and psychological publicity and education of teenagers' health can help them find their psychological problems in time, and then help them eliminate their wrong ideas, correct bad behaviors, resolve negative emotions, avoid and reduce various factors that have adverse effects on their mental health, cultivate their good psychological quality and sound personality, and comprehensively improve their mental health level. Only in this way can we cultivate and bring up innovative talents with sound personality in the 2 1 century and promote social progress.