Common vegetable planting method: garlic
1. Fine soil preparation. Garlic is best planted on fertile, soft and well-drained sandy soil, and continuous cropping should be avoided as far as possible. Generally, deep tillage 15 ~ 20cm, combined with deep tillage, apply manure 1000 ~ 1500kg, build a ridge of about 2m, dig a drainage ditch, and keep the ridge smooth and soft.
2. Sow at the right time. Garlic should be planted from the first ten days of September to the first ten days of 10; No later than1mid-October. Planting green garlic is best in the middle and late August. Sowing is carried out in holes, 2 per hole? 3 petals, spacing 17? 20 cm, keeping the depth at 0.02-0.3 m, covering with a layer of plant ash or pouring with a layer of mud after sowing. Sowing amount per mu 120? 140 kg. Attention should be paid to selecting varieties with strong resistance.
3. Fertilization management. (1) base fertilizer: Before soil preparation, apply 20-25kg ammonium bicarbonate, 8 8- 10/0kg calcium superphosphate and 4-5kg potassium chloride or15-20kg compound fertilizer per mu. (2) Seedling fertilizer: at the beginning of the third leaf after the whole seedling, apply 1500 ~ 2000 kg of livestock manure and urine per mu, and add 5 kg of urea. (3) Wax fertilizer: The so-called wax fertilizer is a supplementary fertilizer applied to crops from this winter to the next spring. Ammonium bicarbonate 100 kg, human and animal manure 1000 kg per mu? 1200 kg. (4) Bolting fertilizer: at the bolting stage of garlic, urea 15 kg was applied per mu. (5) Foliar spraying: during the rapid expansion period of garlic, 0.2 ~ 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is sprayed per mu, preferably around Grain Rain.
4. On-site management. After all the garlic seedlings are planted, move and fix the seedlings with bamboo pieces. After fertilization, loosen the soil and weed in time. Loosen the soil once before and after the severe cold, and dredge the drainage ditch in time in late February of the following spring. In case of drought, furrow irrigation should be carried out in time to combat drought.
5. Control pests and diseases. The main diseases and pests of garlic are Fusarium wilt and coffee bean weevil. Spraying 50 kilograms of 25% carbendazim 100 grams of water per mu to control the epidemic; Can garlic coffee beans be used as aluminum phosphide 3 per cubic meter? 5g fumigation control.
6. Harvest in time. Garlic seedlings are usually harvested from early April to early May. When the upper part of the garlic bolt bends downward or the top of the leaf is pulled out by 0. 1 m, it should be harvested in time, cut the garlic bolt clean, and then spread it in the sun for 2? 4 days, and then stored.
Common vegetable planting method: coriander
Characteristics: It belongs to Umbelliferae. It can tolerate the low temperature of-1℃ to 2℃, and the suitable growth temperature is 17℃ to 20℃. When the temperature exceeds 20℃, the growth is slow and stops at 30℃.
Coriander is not strict with the soil, but the soil with good soil structure, strong fertilizer and water retention performance and high organic matter content is beneficial to the growth of coriander. Coriander belongs to leafy vegetables, and its harvesting organs are mainly stems and leaves, so nitrogen fertilizer is essential in the growth process of coriander. Spraying 0.2% to 0.3% nitrogen fertilizer solution (ammonium nitrate and urea) mixed with potassium dihydrogen phosphate on the leaves can keep the leaves vigorous.
Second, variety selection: coriander has big leaf varieties and small leaf varieties. Large-leaf varieties have tall plants, large leaves, few notched shallow leaves and high yield. Leaflet varieties have short plants, small leaves, deep notches, strong fragrance, cold tolerance and strong adaptability, but the yield is slightly lower. Generally cultivated leafy varieties.
Cultivation techniques: Coriander can be cultivated in the open field in spring, autumn and winter. It is not advisable to water too much at seedling stage. Too much water is prone to some root diseases, leading to tree death (root retting, root rot, soft rot, etc. ).
When the seedlings grow to 10 cm, the plants will thrive, and Qin Ying will water them to keep the soil surface moist. At the same time of watering, topdressing can be applied with nitrogen fertilizer 1-2 times. Pay attention to intertillage and appropriate thinning, and pull out weeds during thinning. In summer, it is necessary to shade properly to prevent rain erosion, and drain water in time after rain to ensure the orderly emergence of seedlings.
4. Greenhouse cultivation: Generally, direct seeding is carried out in September-65438+1October, and frozen water is poured once before winter, so as to facilitate seedlings to overwinter.
Common vegetable planting method: white radish
1. What are the growth conditions of white radish?
1. Warm white radish belongs to semi-cold-tolerant vegetables, and likes mild and cool climate with large temperature difference. Seeds can germinate at 2 to 3 degrees Celsius, and the suitable temperature for germination is 20 to 25 degrees Celsius. The seedling stage can tolerate the high temperature of about 25 degrees Celsius and the low temperature of -2 to 3 degrees Celsius for a short time. The optimum temperature for leaf growth is 15 to 20℃, and the optimum ground temperature for fleshy root expansion is 13 to 18℃.
2. Although white radish has deep roots, it has large leaves and is not drought-tolerant. The soil humidity should be 65% to 80% of the maximum water content, and the air humidity should be 80% to 90%. Too much soil moisture and insufficient air affect the absorption and expansion of fleshy roots, and the epidermis is rough. Uneven water supply can also easily lead to cracking of fleshy roots.
3. Sandy soil with rich humus, deep soil layer, good drainage and loose ventilation is the best soil and nutrients. The pH value of the soil should be 5.3 to 7.0. Potassium is the most absorbed element in the whole growth period of white radish, followed by phosphorus.
4. White radish requires sufficient light, strong photosynthesis, more material accumulation, rapid expansion of fleshy roots and high yield. Insufficient light, less carbohydrate accumulation, slow expansion of fleshy roots, low yield and poor quality.
Second, how to prepare soil and sow.
1. It is advisable to choose the previous crop with a large amount of fertilizer, a small amount of fertilizer and a large amount of fertilizer residue in the soil, and it is best to choose the plot with melon or bean stubble and no pesticide residue.
2. For soil preparation, fertilization and ridging, it is best to plough 25-30cm before winter, freeze-dry the ground, and ridging before sowing, with the ridge spacing of 70cm. Combined with ridging, sufficient fertilizer was applied, and potassium sulfate 150kg and diammonium phosphate 150kg were applied per hectare.
3. Plant spacing is 20-25cm, with two rows per ridge. When sowing, it is advisable to sow 5-7 plants per hole, and the thickness of covering soil after sowing is about 2 cm.
4. The number of seedlings per hectare is 6.5438+0.35 million.
Third, how to conduct on-site management.
1. Intercropping seedlings grow rapidly after being unearthed. Spacing seedlings should be done in time, otherwise it will be crowded and shaded, resulting in excessive growth. Spawning should be done as early as possible, usually twice. When there are 2 ~ 3 true leaves per time/kloc-0, the thinning principle should be to eliminate the inferior and preserve the superior. When the belly is broken, plants with the characteristics of the original variety should be selected for seedling fixing, and 1 plant should be reserved in each hole during seedling fixing.
2. Watering germination period: fully water, and the soil moisture content is above 80%, so as to ensure quick and orderly emergence. Seedling stage: the root system is shallow, but the supply must be guaranteed, and the soil water content is about 60%. Master the principle of less irrigation and frequent irrigation, squat down seedlings before you break your stomach, and root down directly. Leaf-growing period: during this period, the water demand is large, and moderate irrigation is needed, but the water should be properly controlled in the later period to prevent the leaves from growing white and affecting the growth of fleshy roots. Peak period of root growth: water should be fully and evenly to prevent root cracking, and soil humidity should be kept at 70-80% and air humidity at 80-90%. Water is needed until the later growth stage to prevent hollowing out.
3. intertillage, weeding and ridging Because the growth of white radish requires high soil air content, it is necessary to keep the soil loose, intertillage in time, combine intertillage with weeding, and intertillage must be ridged. Production is generally a combination of intertillage, weeding and ridging.
4. The integrated control of radish diseases should be emphasized in the field management of pest control. The main diseases are mosaic disease, virus disease, soft rot disease and black heart disease, and the pests that harm radish L are mainly aphids and cabbage caterpillar. The key to disease control is to strengthen cultivation management, make plants robust, enhance disease resistance, and combine chemical control for comprehensive control.
Fourth, when to harvest?
When the leaves turn yellow and fade, the fleshy roots are fully expanded and the base is round and blunt, that is, it reaches the commodity standard, and can be harvested at this time.
Common vegetable planting method: spinach
Spinach is beneficial to the differentiation and bolting of flower buds under long sunshine and high temperature, especially in autumn and autumn and winter when the sunshine is short and cold, but it is not conducive to the differentiation and bolting of flower buds. Therefore, the cultivation techniques of spinach are mainly autumn sowing. When sowing in autumn, select heat-resistant and early-maturing varieties to sow in early autumn and harvest in the same year. Select late-maturing and bolting-resistant varieties for sowing in late autumn and harvesting in the spring of the following year after overwintering. In addition, varieties that are heat-resistant and not easy to bolting can be planted in spring or summer, but they are less cultivated.
Generally, the local sowing time is from late August to early September, and it can be harvested in batches 30-40 days after sowing, or it can be sown in mid-late July or September. Sow in late June 65438+ 10 to early October 10, and harvest in the following spring. Spring-sown spinach is sown in February-April, but it is suitable for sowing in mid-March and harvested 30-50 days after sowing. All parts of spinach are live broadcast, mainly live broadcast. Before sowing, the depth of soil preparation is about 26.67cm, and the border with a width of 1.33-2.67m is made. Applying base fertilizer before sowing and applying thick fertilizer immediately after sowing some dry seeds can keep soil moisture and promote seed germination. Spinach seeds are cell fruits, and the outer layer of the pericarp is thin-walled tissue, which can ventilate and absorb water, while the inner layer is thick-walled tissue with cork, which makes ventilation and water permeability difficult. Before sowing, the pericarp should be broken and soaked in cold water to accelerate germination, or the seeds should be soaked in cold water for about 12h, then treated in a low-temperature refrigerator at 4℃ for 24h, and then germinated at 20-25℃ for 3-5d before sowing. When sowing spinach in early autumn, due to the hot and dry climate, occasional rainstorm, poor growth, frequent seedling death, and large sowing amount, the general dosage is per mu 1.50-2.25kg. Water the soles of your feet before sowing, and cover them with grass after sowing to keep the soil moist and easy to dig. When sowing in the first ten days of September, the temperature gradually decreases, so it is not necessary to soak seeds to accelerate germination. The dosage per mu is 0.75kg. 65438+ 10 or spring sowing, and the dosage per mu is 0.50-0.60kg. The sowing amount of spinach varies not only with sowing season, but also with different sowing methods and harvesting methods. If it is a harvest, the amount of spring sowing can be less, and if it is a high-temperature cultivation or multiple harvests, the amount of sowing can be appropriately increased.
In field management, the early temperature of autumn spinach is high, and topdressing can be combined with irrigation. About 20% of manure can be used for topdressing, and the later cooling concentration can reach about 40%. Overwintering spinach should be fully fertilized before warm spring to avoid premature bolting, and the amount of inorganic nitrogen fertilizer should be controlled when the sunshine weakens in winter to avoid excessive nitrate accumulation in leaves. After harvesting by stages, topdressing should be done after harvesting. Spinach germination and early growth are slow, weeds should be removed in early autumn and spring seedling stage, and weeds should be removed when harvesting in stages. Spraying gibberellin at 15 mg/l about15 days before harvest can increase yield early. Spinach is sensitive to gibberellin at high temperature, and its concentration can be lower and lower at low temperature. The application of gibberellin should be combined with topdressing, and the yield increase effect is more obvious.
Autumn spinach can be harvested 30 days after sowing, and then harvested every 20 days or so 1 time, * * * 2-3 times. Spring-sown spinach is usually harvested at one time. The yield of spinach per mu in early autumn is about 180kg, and it can reach about 300kg in late sowing. The yield per mu of overwintering spinach can reach about 375 kg, and that of spring spinach is close to that of early autumn spinach.
Spinach with seeds can be sown late, usually in June+10, 5438. If sowing in the early Spring Festival Evening, the plants will not grow much but bolt quickly, which is not conducive to plant selection and affects seed yield and quality. You can harvest twice before bolting, according to the row spacing of 20? 23cm seeds. When bolting, all the absolute male plants are pulled out to facilitate ventilation and light transmission, and some vegetative male plants are reserved to facilitate pollination. The leaves of seed plants turn yellow, the seeds mature, the whole plant is pulled up, dried, threshed, cleaned and then stored.
Common vegetable planting methods: green vegetables
1. Choose clods: choose paddy fields and dry lands with deep soil layers, good irrigation conditions and no pollution to soil, water quality and air.
2. Selection of improved varieties: make full use of the advantages of local farmers' green vegetable varieties, select the original seeds of healthy green vegetables without diseases and insects, purify and rejuvenate them, and provide them uniformly.
3. Sowing in time: Generally, the first half of 10 is the best sowing date, and Kugaji after soybean and peanut harvest is the seedbed. Raise seedlings according to the ratio of seedbed to field of 1:7, so that the bed soil is fine and flat.
4. Reasonable close planting: seedlings should be transplanted 30 days later and in mid-June165438+1October. The average row spacing is 66.7 cm, the plant spacing is 33.3 cm, and the yield per mu is 3000 plants. If the soil is fertile, seedlings should be transplanted in the early and late stages of cloudy or sunny days, and after planting, root water should be poured 1 time.
5. Scientific fertilization: Green vegetables are overwintering crops with long growth period and strong absorption. Fertilization for the first time 1 time is carried out 3-5 days after planting, and 500 grams of fireclay ash is applied to each plant; The second fertilization is carried out 60 days after transplantation, and diluted human feces can be applied. Vegetables are free from pests and diseases, and no pesticides are needed.