20 17 Situation and Policy Second Term Paper 1 20 17 Under the background of increasing world energy demand and further deterioration of the contradiction between supply and demand, the two hot issues, the turmoil in West Asia and North Africa and the nuclear accident in Japan, have had a far-reaching impact on the world energy situation. The situation in West Asia and North Africa affects the safety of regional energy production and transportation, which leads to the fluctuation of international oil prices and has a negative impact on the economic development of energy-consuming countries. The nuclear accident in Japan has dealt a heavy blow to the global nuclear system and affected the nuclear power policies of countries around the world to varying degrees. In the long run, the dominant position of fossil energy is unshakable, and oil prices are still facing upward pressure, which brings new opportunities for the development of natural gas. Nuclear energy will not quit the historical stage, but it will take a long time to regain confidence in development. The competition among relevant countries for important potential energy producing areas such as the South China Sea and the Arctic will be further intensified.
China's energy security and industrial development are also troubled by these hot issues. China relies heavily on the energy supply in West Asia and North Africa, and the high oil price caused by the turmoil also makes China face more serious imported inflation. Although China has not given up the development of nuclear energy, it has obviously slowed down.
First of all, the current global energy situation
Energy has always been an important issue related to the economic development and people's lives of all countries in the world. At present, energy consumption continues to grow strongly, and the contradiction between supply and demand has further deteriorated. Fossil energy occupies a dominant position in the total energy consumption in the world. At present, most of the energy in the world is still in the hands of western countries. Other energy sources, especially new energy sources, are developing rapidly, but it will take time to make substantial progress. It is difficult for international oil prices to return to a low level, and price fluctuations pose a severe challenge to both energy producers and consumers.
1, the relationship between energy supply and demand is generally tense.
Most of the time after entering 2 1 century, the energy supply is tight. During this period, although the overall supply and demand of global oil remained balanced, the supply slightly exceeded the demand, but this balance was very fragile. Often due to natural disasters, climate change, local wars, social unrest, terrorist activities and other reasons, in some countries and regions, some oil products are out of stock in some seasons or for a certain period of time, resulting in energy supply shortages such as oil shortage and electricity shortage in some countries and regions from time to time.
Generally speaking, energy production capacity is growing slowly, while energy consumption demand is rising rapidly. In recent 20 years, there are fewer and fewer newly discovered oil fields in the world, especially super-large oil fields. Among the four existing super oilfields in the world, the production of Kantare, Bourgain and Daqing oilfields in China has begun to decline, and only the Gawal oilfield in Saudi Arabia still maintains high production. In the future, Russia's production of important oil and gas fields in western Siberia will also decline (
With the sustained development of the world economy, especially the rapid growth of emerging economies, the demand and consumption of oil are rising, exceeding the growth of production. Although the economic crisis in 20 16 led to the first decline in oil demand since 1983, oil consumption turned down again in 20 16. It can be seen that the relief of oil supply is temporary, and the tight supply is the norm.
All-round speed increase
Diversification of energy structure
Under the current international financial turmoil, the downside risks of the global economy have increased and the external demand has fallen sharply. This directly gave birth to new changes in China's energy development strategy and management system.
Adjusting the energy structure and developing nuclear power bear the brunt. 201165438+1October 2 1, the first phase of Fujian fuqing nuclear power plant, the ninth nuclear power plant in China, started; 65438+February 65438+June, Guangdong Yangjiang Nuclear Power Station with a total investment of nearly 70 billion yuan officially started construction; On February 26th, 65438, Fangjiashan Nuclear Power Project, an expansion project of Qinshan Nuclear Power Station with a total investment of 26 billion yuan, started.
At this point, the world's largest nuclear power program is being gradually launched in China. It is understood that China will invest about 400 billion yuan in nuclear power before 2020.
Secondly, on February 5, 20 16 16, a large-scale coal-fired power base in Ningdong with a total investment of nearly 40 billion yuan was officially launched, which means the prelude to the integration of coal resources.
Third, Gansu Hexi Corridor, the coastal areas of northern Jiangsu and Inner Mongolia are planning to build 10 million kilowatt wind power bases. At present, the construction of 10 million kilowatts wind power base in Jiuquan, Gansu Province has been fully launched.
It is worth noting that in 20 16, China's foreign cooperation in the oil and gas field continued to accelerate: natural gas pipelines from China to Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan were opened; China and Russia also decided to build an oil and gas pipeline from Siberia, Russia to China.
According to reports, the second line project of west-east gas transmission has been approved by the state and will be fully implemented in a few days. This huge project with a total investment of 93 billion yuan will be connected with the natural gas pipeline in Central Asia. This is the first large-scale pipeline project in China to introduce foreign natural gas, and the steel alone will cost 4 million tons. If we consider the pipeline reconstruction and construction in cities along the line, * * * can boost the investment by 300 billion yuan. At the same time, the second phase of the 26.8 million cubic meters oil reserve project has also been planned and completed, and the construction of Chengdu10,000,000-ton refinery is about to start.
Zhang said that the commencement of these major projects is a practical measure to deal with the financial crisis, and it also shows that China's energy strategy is gradually being realized. Intensify the adjustment of energy structure, eliminate backward production capacity, intensify the integration and reorganization of energy enterprises, and build a modern, efficient and stable energy industrial system.
Zhou, a researcher at the Energy Research Institute of the National Development and Reform Commission, said that the current situation has created a good opportunity for China's energy structure adjustment, and China's energy structure adjustment should take a diversified road in the future.
Reduce energy consumption
Open source and reduce expenditure is the fundamental move.
65438+ 10/3, new york crude oil futures price closed at $37 and $59 per barrel. Some people worry that low oil prices may slow down investment in new energy sources.
Energy experts pointed out that the nature of non-renewable energy determines that the era of cheap is gone forever, and it is imperative to adjust the energy structure, save energy and reduce emissions.
Experts said that for China, a country with a large energy consumption and a small per capita resource, a diversified energy strategy will only cure the symptoms in the long run. Energy crisis and climate crisis, two major events that have increasingly influenced the world society and economy in the 2 1 century, have awakened all countries in the world. The fundamental way to solve the energy and climate problems lies in saving energy and reducing consumption.
It is estimated that 60% of China's energy-saving potential is in the industrial field. The economic efficiency of oil use in China is far lower than that in developed countries, and the efficiency of oil-using equipment is also lower than that in foreign countries, which has great potential for fuel saving.
With the development of economy and society, the position and role of electricity in the overall energy is becoming more and more important. It is understood that in 20 16 years, the state will continue to implement traditional coal-fired power projects and plan to shut down small thermal power units130,000 kilowatts. Relevant data show that by 20 16 and10,000, small thermal power units have shut down a total of 3,265,438+10,000 kilowatts, nearly two-thirds of the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" targets have been completed.
Deeply grasp the new situation of international energy pattern change
Energy is an important strategic material to support national economic and social development. At present, the international energy pattern is undergoing profound changes.
On the one hand, the existing energy production and consumption patterns are undergoing historic regional changes. In terms of consumption, the focus of energy consumption is shifting from western developed countries to the Asia-Pacific region, especially many developing countries. From the perspective of production, energy production is increasingly diversified. Although the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries still holds the initiative of global oil supply, oil exploration and development in the North Sea, Africa and the Gulf of Mexico are also accelerating. Even so, facts and research results show that the peak of international oil production is coming soon.
On the other hand, the development of new energy has revealed the dawn before dawn, and the energy supply structure is about to enter the next development cycle of energy substitution. At present, worldwide, the development and utilization of unconventional oil and gas resources such as oil sands, heavy oil, coalbed methane and natural gas hydrate, and new and renewable energy such as wind energy, solar energy and hydrogen energy have made progress to varying degrees. Among them, the former changes from the transfer of regional economic growth centers in the international scope, while the latter changes from the decline of the existing leading energy supply security and the pressure of environmental protection.
This change in the energy pattern has led to increasingly fierce competition for energy resources around the world, and at the same time accelerated the pace of technological development in the energy field. In this context, China, as a new developing country, has obviously accelerated the process of industrialization and urbanization, and its energy demand has entered a period of high growth. However, China's energy supply structure has been dominated by coal for a long time, which not only cannot meet the needs of national economic development, but also brings serious environmental pollution. According to BP's energy statistics, compared with the developed countries and the world average, the proportion of coal in China's primary energy consumption structure is 4 1 and 1 percentage point higher than the world average, while oil and natural gas are 15, 4 and 20, 1 percentage point lower than the world average. Due to the low supply guarantee capacity of domestic high-quality energy oil and natural gas, the dependence of China crude oil on foreign countries is increasing, reaching nearly 50%. At the same time, energy consumption (mainly coal) is one of the main causes of air pollution in China. About 70% of carbon dioxide emissions, 90% of sulfur dioxide emissions and 67% of nitrogen oxides emissions in the air of China come from coal burning. Almost all the soot emissions also come from this, accounting for more than half of the total suspended particulate matter pollution (TSp).
This relatively backward energy consumption structure, high dependence on foreign oil and high pollution of energy consumption not only lead to a series of serious problems such as the collapse of China's asset value system and the rising cost of production and living, but also encounter greater pressure in international negotiations on global climate change, which will also restrict the industrialization process of China in the long run. Therefore, it is particularly urgent to do everything possible to solve the long-term and strategic major problem of national energy security.
In the international energy market and the national energy supply security system, the role of energy enterprises is the first. Whether energy enterprises can grasp the historic opportunity of this pattern change not only determines the survival of enterprises, but also has an important impact on a country's long-term economic growth and international competitiveness. With the advantages of resources, technology and management, international oil companies such as Bp, Exxon and Shell have not only dominated the development of the international energy market in the past century, but also accelerated the pace of entering the field of new and renewable energy in recent years.
China's energy enterprises are latecomers in the international market, and there is a big gap between them in terms of resource acquisition, technology and management. If enterprise resources are invested in the development of new energy, it may be even more insufficient. However, we should also see that this pattern change is not only a risk, but also a huge opportunity for China energy enterprises. Huge domestic demand provides space for enterprises to improve economies of scale, improve management ability and accelerate technological progress. The development of new energy has narrowed the gap between domestic energy enterprises and international big companies, because this field is in the initial stage and the technical level gap is relatively small, which provides a rare opportunity for China enterprises to turn passive into active in the future competition.
Facing the historical moment when opportunities and challenges coexist, passive response can only mean giving up the initiative of development, becoming a vassal of multinational energy companies or even being eliminated. National energy security is out of the question, and the economic lifeline will fall into the hands of others. On the other hand, positive response means firmly grasping the development opportunities in the competition and building the competitiveness of enterprises on the adaptability to environmental changes, so that competitiveness can have vitality and sustainability. Historical experience has proved that whether we can judge the situation actively, sensitively and accurately and then make a correct strategic choice is an important premise and foundation for seizing opportunities and realizing sustainable development.
As an important state-owned backbone enterprise and national oil company, China Petroleum Group put forward the strategy of building a comprehensive international energy company, which is a positive response to the new opportunities, challenges and requirements it faces. This strategic decision has improved the ability of enterprises to pay attention to the world energy development trend and conform to the development laws and trends of the global petroleum and petrochemical industry, helped enterprises to realize the transformation from traditional oil companies to new energy companies facing the future and having international competitiveness, and made greater contributions to better safeguarding national energy security and promoting the sound and rapid development of the national economy.
The significance of this strategy is more specifically reflected in:
First of all, it is conducive to improving the international competitiveness of China Petroleum Group. The strategy of building a comprehensive international energy company includes supporting traditional energy sources, changing the energy supply structure, developing the value chain to improve the efficiency of energy development and utilization, globalization of energy development and utilization and internationalization of management. Therefore, this strategy is based on the reality and focuses on the future. Through technological progress, improvement of management ability and construction of value chain, it will help China Petroleum Group to overcome its disadvantages and fully participate in international competition.
Secondly, it is conducive to enhancing the position of China enterprises in international competition. Energy is the most basic input for enterprises. A clean, efficient and low-cost energy supply system will help China enterprises reduce the cost of providing goods and services, which is of decisive significance to enterprises in the increasingly global competition. China Petroleum Group's strategic idea of building a comprehensive international energy company is helpful to achieve this goal.
Finally, it is helpful to realize the sustainable development of the country. On the one hand, the country's sustainable development is reflected in its abundant energy, on the other hand, it is reflected in the improvement of people's quality of life. The strategic thinking of building a comprehensive international energy company will help China Petroleum Group to better participate in the competition between traditional energy resources and markets, as well as the development of new and renewable resources, and improve the flexibility of long-term energy supply structure. At the same time, the efficient and clean utilization of energy and the development of new energy are helpful to reduce the environmental pollution caused by energy utilization, improve people's quality of life and realize the harmonious development between people and the environment.
20 17 Situation and Policy 2 Introduction: According to the book, social mentality refers to the psychological feelings and emotional reactions of social members to the current social life under certain social environment conditions, which has obvious popularity and diffusion. Thus, social mentality is an important psychological resource and condition that affects social development. It can not only reflect various social problems in the process of social change, but also be an important aspect of understanding social conditions, public opinions, social hotspots and social emotions. And the important way to shape the mentality of scientific society is undoubtedly more important in today's society.
First, why do we need to have a scientific understanding of social mentality?
1, the needs of the times.
With the historical process of reform and opening up and social changes, China's social mentality has experienced a changing process in which irrational factors are decreasing and rational factors are increasing. At the beginning of reform and opening up, people's social status, labor relations, employment methods and income forms have undergone unprecedented changes, and irrational factors such as inadaptability, unfairness, confusion, contradiction, impetuous anxiety and quick success have become more prominent in social mentality, and emotional phenomena are quite common. After more than 30 years of reform and development, the psychological endurance of members of our society has generally increased, the irrational factors in social mentality have decreased day by day, and the rational factors have gradually increased. However, there are still some irrational and peaceful factors in China's social mentality at present, so we have to put forward a scientific understanding of social mentality.
2. People's pursuit of social justice.
Social justice is the psychological experience of social members when comparing their actual status and income in society with others. The sense of social justice is not only influenced by the individual's subjective feelings and evaluation of social justice, but also mainly influenced by the social interest distribution system, social structure and social class.
The influence of. In the process of rapid social change in China, due to the profound changes in social interest pattern, social structure and social stratum, especially the widening gap between the rich and the poor, some members of society have a sense of relative deprivation and psychological justice imbalance. Therefore, it is very important to understand social mentality scientifically.
3. The emergence of people's psychological pressure.
With the acceleration of social development, the pace of people's life has accelerated. So psychological problems appear. According to psychology, people's psychological stress is related to their psychological endurance. With the gradual deepening of China's reform and opening up, uncertainties in the process of social transformation have increased, and social interests and life risks have become increasingly diversified, further causing the psychological pressure of social members to increase and diversify. It can be seen that the increase of various uncertain factors and the lack and weakening of social support system are the main factors leading to the increase of psychological pressure. Therefore, how to improve people's scientific understanding of social mentality is very important.
Second, the current social mentality and existing problems
At present, the social mentality of our people is as follows:
1, rational mentality
A person with a rational mind can always use the ability to know, understand, think and decide, or the ability to distinguish right from wrong, to interest and control his behavior. These people are older, with higher education and stable income. Although they all belong to rational mentality, there are some problems more or less. Take those with higher education as an example. The more lonely they are, the more likely they are to suffer from mental illness. These mental diseases not only happen to doctors, but also to many graduate students and college students. Because they can't bear social pressure, they all have mental illness to some extent. Next, I will tell you a case. If the patient has water, it is a typical example. Ruoshui is a literary youth. When entering the college entrance examination, Ruoshui was very lucky to be admitted to the Chinese Department of a university. He likes dancing and writing, and has published many articles in various newspapers, even being called a "gifted scholar", but these have failed to bring Ruoshui the slightest joy of success. Once again, if I consult an academic in China, I speak my mind: "As far as talent is concerned, I am not much behind, but why do others succeed, and I still stand still, and I can't even earn 30,000 yuan a year! In the final analysis, it's because I have no strength, no potential and no luck &; Hellip& amphellip could not be realized because he longed for "success", and he began to be anxious, insomnia and irritable.
Grumpy, immunity is getting worse and worse. In fact, young people who suffer from "success anxiety" like Ruoshui abound. Most of them have received better education and high academic qualifications, but they often start to feel depressed, complain and depressed because their ideals are far from reality. 2. Irrational mentality
People with irrational mentality, when things come, either show a sense of responsibility, no love, blindly treat things, be pessimistic when things happen, or escape, look at things as if they are different and indifferent ... Take the recent Xiaoyueyue incident as an example. 20xx 10, 2-year-old Xiao Yueyue was run over by two cars in Guangfo Hardware City, Huang Qi, Nanhai, Foshan. In seven minutes, it will be 10. 20xx 10 month, Yue Jing died at 0: 32 after being rescued by the hospital. There is no doubt that 18 passers-by are indifferent to Yue Yue Jr. Because of indifference, a person left before he had time to see this wonderful world from birth to now.
Third, how to scientifically develop social mentality.
1. The state designs scientific and reasonable policies and implements them to adjust the social mentality.
Systems and policies are the fundamental guarantee of people's vital interests, with stability and reliability, and are important measures to promote the transformation of social mentality. Strengthening the formulation of systems and policies can deeply understand people's interests and needs and carefully grasp the social mentality. Only in this way can the decision-making conform to the public opinion, reassure the people, conform to the people's feelings, and truly embody the ruling concept of building the party for the public and governing for the people.
2. The government should strengthen anti-corruption construction and win the hearts of the people with the party's heart.
The key to establishing people's positive social mentality is to calm people's psychology and eliminate all kinds of negative corruption. Corruption cases, especially those involving a few leading cadres and public servants, should be paid more attention to by the state, because it has a very bad influence on the formation of social mentality, seriously damaged the party's image and formed a popular rebellious mentality. Therefore, whether anti-corruption and honesty can be maintained is related to the popular support and the ruling position of the ruling party. Therefore, the state should unswervingly promote anti-corruption construction, always pay attention to details, pay more attention to practical results, promote all social affairs as transparent and open as possible, implement the people's right to know and participate, let the people find the feeling of being masters of their own affairs, and shape their sunshine mentality with "sunshine operation".
3, all organs should publicize the knowledge of psychological cognitive adjustment, improve people's positive attitude.
Due to the lack of psychological cognition, it is easy to lead to emotional loss, dislocation and distortion, and it is easy to lead to emotional excitement and emotional excitement. Therefore, we can take emotional guidance and adjustment as the fundamental goal to make people more rational, peaceful, restrained and self-disciplined. Among them, the most realistic method is "empathy". The reason is that empathy is a kind of consciousness and an ability. Think from each other's perspective, love yourself, love others, love society, and "don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you". Therefore, as long as our related organs keep practicing, people's rational and peaceful healthy mentality will be gradually established.
Four. conclusion
In a word, it takes more than a day or two for people to understand social mentality scientifically. It needs not only the propaganda of blood and drug-related organs, but also the strengthening management of the state and the cooperation of the people. But one thing is certain: if we all have a scientific understanding of social mentality, then the suicide rate in society will be reduced.
Under the conditions of low employment rate, we should think about where our correct direction is, or even be rational.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) reference
[9787509722 12 1] Wang Junxiu, Yang Yiyin, editor in chief. China's Social Mentality Research Report, Social Science Literature Publishing House, 20xx-5- 1.
[978750 1956395] (America) aronson (Aroson, E.), Hou Yubo and others translated Social Psychology (5th edition &; Middot Chinese Second Edition) China Light Industry Press 20xx- 1- 1.
20 17 Situation and Policy Second Term Paper 3 Abstract: Under the current social situation, the breeding of corruption has slowed down the development of Socialism with Chinese characteristics, and the situation of anti-corruption struggle is still very complicated. Formalism, bureaucracy, hedonism and extravagance have seriously damaged the party's image. Poor supervision by governments at all levels makes corruption a phenomenon, and promoting the socialist core value system and core values to promote the development of the Belt and Road Initiative has become the primary task. In this situation, corrupt officials should be severely punished, and both hands should be caught, and the party should manage the party strictly.
Keywords: Socialism with Chinese characteristics guarantees and improves people's livelihood
The beautiful life that people yearn for is our goal.
First, the causes of frequent social corruption.
Corruption is a commonplace problem at first, and it is also a phenomenon left over from historical development.
1. What is corruption?
Corruption is basically the spread of human nature. There are both love and kindness in human nature, and of course there are evil and greed. As the saying goes, every man for himself, the devil takes the hindmost. Human nature is selfish, of course, this result also creates the performance of hurting others and endangering society because of one's little selfishness. It is because of these people that we can see the evil of corrupt elements in today's society. Corruption is fundamentally a distortion of human nature, which leads to the phenomenon that every official is greedy at present.
2. Causes of corruption
The Party has led the people to explore the truth of socialist construction, and has made a series of important achievements in theory and practice through difficulties and twists. Since ancient times, corruption and bribery are very common. With the changes of the times and the development of history, this problem has been left behind and become a common problem. After the reform and opening up, the quality of China people has improved, and the people liberated from feudal ideology have accepted money worship, which has also fundamentally shaken the spiritual thinking of officials. Officials with power in their hands have begun to ignore others and be selfish. In the period of building socialism in an all-round way, the decline of self-restraint ability of some government officials has also led to the frequent breeding of corruption. They don't have correct and relatively correct views, and this phenomenon appeared because the legal system in China was not perfect in the early stage of reform and opening up. The defect of the system is the best gap between criminals and corrupt officials, who take this opportunity to endanger society and people. In China, a country with hundreds of millions of people and relatively backward economy and culture, it is extremely difficult to build socialism, so anti-corruption has become the top priority.
Second, safeguarding and improving people's livelihood has become the primary task of anti-corruption.
1. The importance of safeguarding and improving people's livelihood
Affection is the most intimate relationship in the world. The moment a baby is born, it determines his relationship with the world. These relationships are completely inseparable, but this is also the cause of corruption. Blood relationship is the closest in the world. Under the huge grid of society, our lives depend on this relationship. Otherwise, it will be difficult for us to gain a foothold in this predatory society. As ordinary people, we usually regard human feelings above everything else, so these will all seem so insignificant before the law. It is very necessary to run a satisfactory education for the people. After all, a person's childhood education deeply determines his future development direction. From then on, we should fully implement the Party's policies, adhere to the principle of moral education, vigorously promote educational equity, let rural children receive higher and more perfect education, and establish a fair and sustainable social security system.
2. Maintain national unity and strengthen the awareness of anti-corruption struggle.
Starting from the grassroots, we should prevent the occurrence of anti-corruption from the source and maintain the advanced nature and purity of the party. Everyone in our country should fully realize the necessity of the anti-corruption struggle, which is bound to be very difficult and arduous. But in this process, party organizations at all levels should also constantly improve their creativity, cohesion and combat effectiveness. We must regard "anti-corruption" as the primary task of building a clean and honest party style. It is also necessary to strictly put an end to the official standard phenomenon of cultural management. Under the catalysis of this phenomenon, this culture has hindered the development of China and is deeply rooted in the hearts of our people, thus making corrupt officials more and more greedy, distorting the psychological values of ordinary people, and also causing official corruption and official degeneration, which is closely related to the foundation of cultural education. First of all, we must consolidate the party's class foundation and mass foundation, and take the interests of the masses as the primary task. Strictly manage the party in an all-round way, promote the development of a well-off society, and comprehensively deepen reform. We must also adhere to the combination of moral thought and legal basis to fundamentally eliminate corruption.
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