Purpose (about 30 words): for? Just do it, there is no need to use longer expressions, such as for or for.
Methods (about 50 words): Explain the operation steps as concretely as possible, and pay attention to the use of tenses. Commonly used words are: test, study, investigation, investigation, analysis, measurement, application and so on.
Results (about 50 words): Put the results directly into the topic, as shown in this article? Or the result is?
Conclusion (about 60 words): Delete similar to? The results of the study show that this is redundant and the conclusions are listed one by one.
Outlook (20 words or so): point out the significance of the research to the future, such as this article in? Or point out the shortcomings.
Voice: Normative academic articles usually use passive voice to highlight information. However, due to the clearer expression of active voice, active voice is now required in some places.
It's best not to use first-person pronouns such as myself and us, but to use a third person such as the author.
Tense: The abstract tense is mainly the general present tense, which represents an objective law existing in nature. Under special circumstances, the simple past tense or the present perfect tense can be used to indicate the conclusion in a certain range or the continuity of a certain process. The simple past tense is usually used to describe specific actions and the simple present tense is usually used to summarize main results.
Note: when paper is used as the subject to describe the general situation of the paper, the present tense is often used later: this paper aims to focus on? When learning is used to describe the same content, the simple past tense is often used: This study investigated?
The above is the sharing content of Ivy Bian Xiao today. In short, there should be no uncommon terms, too many adjectives, irrelevant background information and self-evaluation in English abstracts.