20 17 what are the contents of the writing instructions of the paper format? What matters should be paid attention to in the writing guidance of 20 17 paper format? Welcome to read the writing instructions of 20 17 paper format compiled by me. I hope it will help you.
1, topic Should be able to summarize the most important content of the whole paper, concise and eye-catching, generally no more than 20 words.
2. The abstract of the paper should explain the main points of the paper. Explain the research purpose, research methods, achievements and conclusions of this paper. Keep the basic information of the original paper as much as possible and highlight the creative achievements and new ideas of the paper. It should not be a simple list of chapter titles. About 500 words is appropriate. Key words are the key words that can best reflect the theme of the paper, generally 3-5.
3. Contents. It is not only the outline of the paper, but also the subtitle of the paper, so you should mark the corresponding page number.
4. Introduction (or preface). The content should include the present situation at home and abroad in this research field, the problems to be solved in this paper, and the theoretical significance and practical value of this research work in economic construction, scientific and technological progress and social development.
5, the text.
general idea
(1) Introduction: Introduction, also known as preface, preface and introduction, is used at the beginning of the paper. The introduction should generally write the author's intention, explain the purpose and significance of the topic, and point out the scope of the paper writing. The introduction should be short and concise, and stick to the theme.
(2) Text of the paper: The text is the main body of the paper and should include arguments, arguments, argumentation process and conclusions. The main part includes the following contents:
A. Questions-arguments;
B. analyzing the problem-arguments and arguments;
C. problem solving-demonstrating methods and steps;
D. conclusion.
In order to achieve the purpose of clear hierarchy and clear context, the text is often divided into several large paragraphs. These paragraphs are called logical segments, and a logical segment can contain several small logical segments, and a small logical segment can contain one or several natural segments, so that the text forms several levels. The level of the paper should not be too much, generally not more than five levels.
Graduation thesis requirements
Taking the graduation thesis as an example, this paper explains the text typesetting format of the thesis:
① There are two blank lines between the text and keywords;
(2) The Chinese text adopts Song Ti No.4; The English text is Times New Roman 12, the headline is in bold type No.4, and the headline English is Times New Roman 14, with two spaces at the beginning of each paragraph, 1.25 times the line spacing;
③ The levels between paragraphs should be clear, and the use of title numbers should be standardized. The graduation design of science and engineering majors can determine the specific serial number and level requirements according to the actual situation;
(4) Writing requirements: the writing is fluent, the language is fluent, there are no typos, and there are no questions and remarks that violate political principles. Manuscripts should be printed by computer;
⑤ Chart requirements: all charts, circuit diagrams, flow charts, program block diagrams, schematic diagrams, etc. It is not allowed to draw by hand, but must be drawn by computer or hand according to the work requirements stipulated by the state. The Chinese characters in the chart are in the shape of Xiao Wu Song. English is Times New Roman 10. 5; Chart numbers should be continuous, as shown in figure 1, figure 2, table 1, table 2, etc. The number of the diagram is placed at the bottom of the diagram, the number of the table is placed at the top of the table, and there can be no edges on the left and right sides of the table;
⑥ Words: generally not less than 1500 (according to the teacher's requirements);
⑦ Views and data cited in academic papers. Indicate the source and use endnotes.
Format requirements of graduation thesis
The manuscript is a word document (A4 pages) with unified typesetting.
Page setup of graduation thesis
Paper type: A4 standard paper direction: portrait
Margin: 3cm on the left and 2.8cm on the right. The upper and lower margins are the default values: 2.54cm on the top and 2.54cm on the bottom.
Header 1.5cm and footer1.75cm.
Graduation thesis format
Line spacing: (multiple line spacing) 1.25 times
Graduation thesis size
Chinese and English title: the third word
Chinese and English abstracts, keywords and references: No.5 word
Chart requirements for graduation thesis
The drawings are neat, the layout is reasonable, the line thickness is uniform, the arc connection is smooth, the size is standardized, and it meets the drawing standards. All illustrations and tables need numbers and titles, with the title of icon No.5 and the title of table No.4. ..
6. Conclusion. The conclusion of the paper should be clear, concise and complete, and should clarify one's own creative achievements or new ideas and their significance in this field.
7. References and notes. According to the number of documents or comments cited in the paper, it is listed after the main body of the paper and before the references. Charts or data must indicate the source and provenance.
(When the reference is a periodical, the writing format is:
[No.], author, article title, periodical name (foreign language can be abbreviated), year, number of volumes, number of issues and page number.
When the reference is a book, the writing format is:
[No.], author, title, publishing unit, year, edition and page number. )
8. Appendix. Including formula derivation, auxiliary mathematical tools, repeated data charts, symbolic meanings used in this paper, unit abbreviations, full text of the program and related explanations, etc.
Knowledge expansion: the key to thesis writing
(1) Writing materials, viewpoints and words of the paper
Materials are the basis of writing a good paper, opinions are the soul of the paper, and words are the external expression of the paper. Materials and opinions are the content of the paper, and words are the form of the paper. Form is the expression of content, and content should be expressed through form. The perfect combination of the three is the unity of content and form.
The materials come from experiments. The quality of design directly affects the efficiency and quality of material acquisition. The whole paper consists of several work units, and each work unit is accumulated from each experimental material. So be kind to daily experiments. Every day, we should consider the possible position of this data in future papers, and carefully collect and save every image record. The materials should be true and reliable, and the data should be sufficient. If there is any abnormality, it should be analyzed and handled in time to ensure the credibility of the obtained results and eliminate the illusion. There are always new phenomena, new treatments, new effects and new viewpoints in a paper.
Views should be clear, objective and dialectical. Don't and can't avoid different opinions. From the title of the paper to the conclusion, there are opinions everywhere, so opinions are the soul of the paper and run through it. Don't argue irrationally when discussing opinions, don't justify yourself, and try to avoid one-sidedness, subjectivity and randomness. It is necessary to compare with the viewpoints in domestic and foreign literatures, and also with the past viewpoints of our own laboratory. Analyze similarities and differences in comparison and raise awareness. Don't be afraid of wrong opinions, but correct them. A hundred schools of thought contend, and we know the truth in contention.
The text of the paper should be natural and smooth. Words without words can't go far? . But not gorgeous. What's the purpose? Words with words? . The narrative of the paper should be logical, clear, simple and true, and have appropriate discretion.
(B) Paper writing preparation and writing
The key to writing a thesis is preparation. People who can write papers are generally a three-step process. Think carefully before writing a paper, focusing on the overall situation; Fully lay a good paper, start writing, and do it in one go; After writing the first draft of the paper, leave it for a period of time, read and practice repeatedly.
People who can't write papers are the opposite. My stomach is empty, my brain is messy, and my words are heavy. They picked up the pen and began to write, and then stopped a few strokes. Write and stop, stop and write. Sometimes looking for information, sometimes looking up information, and sometimes making experiments. Tear off a page and copy a few words. Suddenly, I groaned, scratched my head and touched my ears, bit my pen and paced. The difference between these two people lies in the different preparation conditions, which many people who write papers for the first time don't realize. Good preparation for writing a thesis should have three stages.
1. Preparation for writing papers in the near future (when writing)
It refers to the preparation from the end of the experiment to the beginning of writing a paper. We should collect all materials, process data, prepare charts and complete statistical processing. Then make a good draft of the paper, list the outline of the paper, and clarify the basic points and main conclusions. Discuss with lecturers and collaborators to gain knowledge. After careful consideration, it was done in one go. Among them? Memorize it? It is the key stage of writing a thesis. At this time, all the work and data should be considered comprehensively, and the overall situation should be in the chest. This is the most tense moment of the author's mental work, just like the strategy hat before the battle begins.
2. Mid-term preparation for thesis writing (while doing it)
People who can write papers don't start thinking about writing papers after finishing experiments, but are thinking about writing papers throughout the research work. Thesis? Title? And then what? Introduction? It is the condensation of all kinds of thinking during argumentation. ? Materials and methods? It is formed when looking for methods and establishing methods. When writing a paper, just tell the truth. ? Experimental results? It is accumulated and sorted out in the process of experimental design, experimental operation, stage induction and data sorting. ? Discuss? It is the result of thinking and summarizing at ordinary times, frequent discussions with people around, and consulting and analyzing literature. It expresses several main viewpoints in the form of discussion and discusses many problems that have been considered at ordinary times. ? Conclusion? You just need to sum up the final result. Therefore, people who can write papers are constantly and naturally forming the final papers in the whole process of doing research. This whole process is the mid-term preparation of the thesis. It can be seen that the mid-term preparation begins with the topic of the paper and ends with the topic. The end of the topic, that is, when the mid-term preparation of the paper is completed.
3. Long-term (class) preparation for thesis writing
If we only focus on short-term preparation and medium-term preparation, we often can't write excellent papers, which depends on the author's long-term preparation, that is, the basic preparation in the learning stage. This preparation refers to the mastery of research trends, the accumulation of professional foundation and the overall level of logical thinking, written expression, analysis and synthesis. This can never be done overnight, but the lifelong accumulation of training. This is why it is important to emphasize this point. Reading is like breaking thousands of volumes, and writing is like a god? ,? The two countries want to learn poetry, but kung fu is outside poetry? Yes These accumulated efforts determine the writing level of the author's thesis, and then affect the spread of the thesis. This ability is not cultivated when it is used, but needs the author's efforts from an early age.
(3) Review and revision of thesis writing.
After writing the manuscript in one breath, it needs to be revised and tempered repeatedly. We should not only exercise ourselves repeatedly, but also ask relevant personnel to make suggestions, and finally ask relevant experts to review through the editorial department. When revising a paper, all the problems in writing norms and length should be revised according to the requirements stipulated in the publication. As the author of the paper, I certainly cherish the experimental data I have worked so hard to obtain, and I always hope to express it as much as possible in my paper. However, the reviewers of the papers are discerning people, and often make some suggestions for merger or deletion. At this time, the author should calmly consider whether to include the paper. Just writing a paper? Simplify the Sanqiu tree by deleting the complex? , to? Leadership is new? Drive out? February flowers? .
Reviewers of papers often express their opinions on opinions. This needs careful consideration to decide whether to adopt the amendment. After all, the author of the paper has had long-term practice and thinking about his work, and gradually formed his own views. It should be said that these views are quite well founded. As long as it is reasonable and well-founded, you can explain the reviewer's point of view and keep your own point of view. But sometimes the author finds himself in a corner, and his thoughts are getting deeper and deeper. It is also true that the reviewers of the paper point out the problems in the arguments and viewpoints of the paper from a higher angle. At this point, the author of the paper should seriously think about the essence of the opinion, adjust the train of thought, scrutinize it repeatedly and decide the choice. Neither stubborn nor accommodating. With the attitude of exploring truth, communicate with each other and improve together.
The paper has passed the review, and some opinions are not big, so it can be published with a little modification. Some can only be published after major changes have taken place. Some papers even think that the basic facts are unreliable or the basic viewpoints are wrong and cannot be published. The author of the paper should calmly analyze these opinions and handle them properly. We must adhere to a scientific and realistic attitude in everything. If you confirm that the results and opinions are correct, you can change to another journal after the paper is rejected. You can't submit two manuscripts at the same time.
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