Keywords: rural labor force; Rural economic development; Farmers' income; Education level of workers
Rural economy is an important part of economic development and a relatively important link in economic development, and the important factor affecting rural economic development is the transfer of rural labor force. Rural labor force is the key to rural economic development. If the rural economy does not develop rapidly, it will affect the smooth operation of the economy. So far, the transfer of rural labor force in China has highlighted several major problems. If these problems are not solved in time, it will hinder the construction of a well-off society.
First, the status quo and problems of rural labor transfer in China
China is a country with a large population, and a large number of people live in rural areas. China has a large rural labor force and little arable land. The main reason for these phenomena is the influence of the level of scientific and technological development. According to the current level of science and technology, rural areas only need10.7 billion labor force to meet the needs of rural production, which is determined by the current population situation. Generally speaking, the efficiency of agricultural production will not be improved because of the large population and less arable land, which will only restrict the development of rural economy, and this situation will continue for a long time. The income gap between urban and rural areas is large, the living standard of farmers is low, and the development of rural economy is more difficult. At this stage, the state pays more and more attention to the people. Agriculture, countryside and farmers are more important issues in rural economic development, which can increase people's income. If these three problems are solved, the gap between urban and rural areas will be narrowed and farmers will remain stable. Based on this level of development, farmers will move to economically developed cities, especially economically developed areas. The phenomenon of labor transfer is very serious, and some areas are already overcrowded. The following are the problems existing in the labor transfer in these areas: First, the scale of labor transfer is large, which is mainly affected by factors such as transportation, economy, culture and information. Let farmers blindly develop in economically developed areas, without on-the-spot investigation and understanding, but with the help of relatives and friends, find jobs suitable for their own development, which has a great mobility and has a negative impact on the long-term development of migrant workers, making it difficult to connect supply and demand, which is very blind. Secondly, the rural labor force has been transferred, mainly because the quality of rural labor force is very low, and the underground quality level has created a very serious rural population transfer. These low-quality laborers mainly come from or below the county level. Most people below the county level have graduated from high school or junior high school, and some even have no academic qualifications. They just learned technology, but the learning of technology is not based on learning, but only from the older generation who know technology. With the development of China's economy, people's quality is highly demanded, and people with low quality will be eliminated by society, making it difficult to survive in cities. Finally, opportunity cost affects labor transfer. There is a great difference in employment between urban and rural areas, especially in terms of treatment. Cities and towns are paid by appliances and professional titles, and their wages and salaries are standardized, which is very different from those in rural areas. These factors have led to the rural labor force flocking to cities and towns, but there are still many problems in the urbanization of China, such as moral hazard, which the rural labor force can't cope with. In the process of labor transfer, the most important issue is the hukou, which is the main problem in rural labor transfer. It is difficult for rural labor to survive without urban hukou, which is also a problem in the transfer of rural labor.
Second, the impact of rural labor transfer on rural economic development in China
(A) the impact on agricultural development
Agriculture is the foundation of the country, and people can't survive without it. If the agricultural economy is not well developed, there will be great problems, social unrest and displacement, so we must attach importance to the development of agriculture. Rural labor force has an important influence on agricultural development. Rural labor transfer can reduce agricultural production costs, increase employment opportunities, realize agricultural transformation and upgrading, meet the needs of labor reduction, and develop large-scale operation, which is a major development trend of national economic development. The transfer of rural labor force has led to a gradual decline in people's attention to planting. People quit the cultivation of responsibility farmland, thinking that the income from going out to work can meet the needs of survival, and some even live in cities and towns, which leads to the reduction of people's demand for responsibility farmland and the weakening of the development of cities and villages. This is because of this phenomenon, farmers have carried out industrial upgrading and large-scale planting, which has reduced the use of labor and promoted the development of agricultural economy. In the process of large-scale planting, the surplus labor force can be reduced, and the agricultural economy can be developed according to market needs, which is very beneficial to economic development, especially to the overall economy.
(B) the impact on farmers
China's reform and opening up has promoted economic development, and the transfer of rural labor force is more important, which can increase farmers' income, provide technical talents for urbanization development and accelerate the process of urbanization. The transfer of rural labor force can increase the second venture of labor force, make farmers rich, take this road, make the development of the whole economy full of vitality and vitality, and create a new development path for the development of agricultural economy. Farmers can broaden their horizons when they enter the city, so their income, under the influence of the surrounding environment, will increase farmers' experience, learn new knowledge, participate in social activities and contribute to the development of the country. Moreover, the emergence of some training courses has also improved the professional quality of farmers and improved the rural labor structure as a whole.
Impact on rural areas
The transfer of rural labor force has had a great impact on the labor force, especially the rural economy. The transferred labor force can inject new vitality into the development of rural economy, bring the concept and quality of towns to the countryside, make the rural economy develop rapidly and change people's basic concepts. The overall quality of the labor force has been improved, and at the same time, it has provided production capacity for the development of agricultural economy. (4) Impact on society With the accelerated development of non-agricultural transfer, the social security function of contracted land has become more and more prominent, and it has become the last line of defense for farmers to work in cities. However, because the paid, reasonable, flexible and orderly land transfer system has not kept up in time, a large number of labor exporters are forced to work in urban and rural areas, which cannot solve their worries. In recent years, the comparative benefit of agriculture has been depressed, and some people even gave up their land. The phenomenon of abandoned land, especially the perennial abandoned land, is increasing year by year.
Third, the current thinking of rural labor transfer in China
(1) Strengthen farmers' awareness of intellectual investment and improve the quality of rural labor force.
Generally speaking, the quality of rural labor force is directly proportional to the speed and level of transfer. Therefore, we should give full play to the role of the government and social departments, cultivate rural labor force from school education, vocational education and continuing education, and gradually form a rural education and training system with government-led, market-oriented and social multi-subject participation, so as to transport suitable high-quality labor force for non-agricultural industries.
(two) improve and strengthen the legal protection system of the legitimate rights and interests of rural labor.
Local governments at all levels should provide labor information services for rural labor force, collect and sort out labor information through various channels, establish employment information service network, and solve the problem of farmers' information occlusion; Provide legal follow-up services, hire labor lawyers to provide legal consulting services in the whole process of labor export, and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of migrant workers; Formulate preferential policies for labor export, create a relaxed policy environment for rural labor transfer, and guide rural labor transfer to have a positive and beneficial impact on China's economic development. Improve the legal system of social security, trade union and household registration related to other rights and interests of migrant workers, so that the legitimate rights and interests of migrant workers can be fully protected by law.
(3) Actively provide all-round services for rural labor transfer and employment.
As far as the actual situation of rural labor transfer is concerned, it is closely related to the slow development of urbanization and the obstruction of small and medium-sized enterprises. In this case, the carrier of rural labor transfer is obviously restricted. Usually, the transfer of rural labor force needs urbanization and small and medium-sized enterprises as reliable carriers to promote the all-round development of rural economy. In this case, we should actively explore the labor market and comprehensively analyze the current rural population problem in combination with the actual rural development in this region. While broadening the space for rural labor transfer, we should actively take effective measures to optimize the use of the international labor market, promote the proper solution of farmers' problems, and promote the smooth realization of rural labor transfer. If regional conditions permit, we can deeply develop and rationally utilize global resources, combine the current situation of rural labor force, develop the international labor export market purposefully and systematically, organically combine organizational development with farmers' self-employment, give policy support to rural labor force, provide an excellent way for rural labor force transfer, and lay a reliable foundation for rural economic development.
Four. conclusion
In the process of China's urban economic development and industrial structure adjustment, the rural labor force has greatly contributed to the shortage of human resources, but this labor force transfer has indeed brought certain influence to the overall development environment of rural economy in China. Therefore, we should attach importance to the transfer of rural labor force, make the agricultural economy develop rapidly and ensure the smooth operation of the economy.
References:
Zhang Boping, Liu Bing, Shi Jia, Yu Yanjie, Xiao Xia. Problems and Countermeasures of Rural Labor Transfer in Tianjin [J]. Tianjin Agriculture and Forestry Science and Technology.2014 (06)
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[3] Xie Lin. On the Problems and Countermeasures of Rural Labor Transfer and Employment [J]. Research on Economic and Social Development.2014 (09)