Analysis of the Current Employment Situation —— Analysis of the Current Employment Situation in China
Abstract: Since the reform and opening up in China, the employment problem has attracted much attention. This paper discusses and analyzes the employment theories of several economic schools, focusing on the employment theory of Keynes to analyze the current employment problem. In addition, combined with the relevant contents of the 20 14 government work report, this paper probes into the employment problem of college students under the current tense situation, and puts forward some corresponding countermeasures. Finally, according to the national conditions, it puts forward the concerns of effectively solving employment.
Keywords: employment theory; Graduates; policy
China Library Classification Number: C9 13.2 Document Identification Number: A Document Number:1006-8937 (2014) 6-0124-02.
1 Introduction to Employment Theory of School of Economics
The classical employment theory represented by Say's employment theory holds that supply creates demand, and there will be no overproduction and unemployment in the market economy. Say's employment theory is summarized as follows: ① Relying on the market mechanism, the economic imbalance within the country will disappear through the self-movement of commodity market and factor market prices; ② Market economy tends to full employment under normal circumstances; ③ Oppose government intervention. The neoclassical employment theory was advocated by Marshall, who advocated the principle of laissez-faire in employment and opposed government intervention in the labor market. However, the economic crisis of 1929- 1933 caused more than 40 million workers to lose their jobs. The previous employment theory is difficult to explain the present situation. Keynes put forward different employment theories: abandoning the view that the market regulates the natural balance and advocating state intervention in the economy to get rid of unemployment and depression. Keynes emphasized different full employment: ① full employment does not mean that no one is unemployed, friction unemployment and voluntary unemployment still exist, nor does it mean full utilization of labor resources; (2) Full employment is the equilibrium point where supply equals demand in the labor market; The Fifth Plenary Session of the Seventeenth Central Committee has also made new progress in Marx and Engels' employment theory. Twelfth Five-Year Plan? The planning proposal points out that promoting employment should be put in the first place in economic and social development. Adhere to the road of new industrialization with China characteristics, vigorously develop labor-intensive industries, service industries and small and micro enterprises, and develop jobs through multiple channels. It is also very important to improve the income distribution system and rationally adjust the income distribution relationship. In addition, it is also very important to comprehensively improve the informationization level of the government employment system, strengthen the construction of important information systems, improve the unified, standardized and flexible human resources market, and provide high-quality and efficient employment services for the broad masses of workers.
2 the employment situation in China's economy
As a graduate student in a university, the author is deeply touched by the current employment situation in China. Graduate school is naturally a way to relieve the pressure of employment. At present, the employment situation in China is facing the following problems: the employment population is growing too fast, which is inseparable from the transfer of rural labor force, the increase of college graduates, the high unemployment rate and the grim employment situation. First of all, with the development of China's reform and opening up and the improvement of market economy, the dual economic structure is becoming increasingly obvious, which makes a large number of rural surplus labor force transfer to cities rapidly. The laborers who naturally move to cities have hope to stay in cities, work and improve their living conditions. In addition, a large number of employed people are added to cities every year, such as college graduates and working-age people, which are the reasons for the great employment pressure in China. In addition, the statistical unemployment rate in China is expressed by the registered urban unemployment rate. Obviously, such a high unemployment rate does not include unregistered urban unemployed people and other unregistered unemployed people, so the unemployment rate in reality is still high and the employment situation is very grim. Another major problem is the mismatch between supply and demand of labor, which leads to structural unemployment. For example, the employment rate of junior college students is higher than that of undergraduates, and the employment rate of undergraduates is higher than that of master students. This is reflected in the contradiction between the demand level of labor force and the difference of individual quality of workers.
② The current problems in the labor market are highlighted in the employment problem in China, which is the most important thing. Under the premise of economic structural changes and deepening marketization, in order to obtain stable and satisfactory jobs, most people constantly change their jobs, majors, occupations and places of residence. With the continuous transformation of China's economic system, the labor market has changed, which can be summarized as follows: under the premise of expanding employment opportunities, the gap between labor supply and demand is also widening, and then laid-off workers appear, and the unemployment rate rises sharply; Coupled with the fluctuation of income gap with wage level, labor contracts tend to be short-term and the speed of career change is accelerated; Because the quality of employment can't keep up, the average working hours of workers become longer and the wage level is asymmetric, which naturally affects the employment rate. Although compared with last year, the number of urban employees in China has increased and the labor force index has also improved, it is very difficult for unemployed and laid-off workers to re-find, the employment situation is still grim, and the task of promoting employment is still very arduous.
3 Keynes's employment theory on the current employment situation.
In order to effectively and perfectly solve the employment problem in China, we can refer to the Keynesian theoretical system, because the Keynesian theoretical system is centered on solving the employment problem, and the core idea of this employment theory is the principle of effective demand. The main analysis can be explained by this viewpoint: the first thing to understand is the meaning of effective demand. Effective demand refers to the total demand when the total demand price of goods and the total supply price reach equilibrium, and the number of social employment is determined by effective demand. Assuming that the total demand price is greater than the total supply price, the demand for goods in natural society exceeds the supply of goods, and capitalists need more labor to produce more goods, so the number of employees will increase; On the contrary, it is assumed that the total demand price is less than the total supply price, and the social demand for goods is less than the supply of goods, that is, there is an oversupply situation. Capitalists are either forced to sell goods at a reduced price or make some goods unsalable. At this time, there will be a surplus of labor force, because it is impossible to achieve its minimum profit and lay off employees to reduce production. It can be seen that the equilibrium point of total supply and total demand determines the amount of employment, which depends on the total demand at this time, which is easier to understand in the short term. In the short term, the output that capitalists are willing to provide will not change much, because the production cost and normal profit fluctuate little, and the total supply basically tends to be stable. Therefore, the balance between total demand and total supply is effective demand.
4. Explore the employment of college students.
In view of the enrollment expansion of graduate students this year, the government work report: 802,000 graduate students were enrolled in 20 14 years. Among them, 632,000 full-time graduate students enrolled, and the national line showed a downward trend. From this aspect, it can be clearly seen that it is more difficult for college students to find jobs, and postgraduate entrance examination is an effective way to buffer employment. Students, schools and the government are very concerned about this problem. The main reason for this problem is the enrollment expansion of college students, and the sudden impact of the economic crisis has made the employment of college students worse. Several aspects to deal with the employment problem of college students should attract the attention of all walks of life: ① From the perspective of enterprises, although the fresh graduates have little work experience and insufficient social experience, enterprises should accept more fresh graduates and give them more opportunities to realize their life value on the premise of ensuring their own interests. (2) From the government's point of view, give full play to the role of macro-control, effectively use its own economic and administrative means, and go hand in hand while achieving stable economic development. Specifically, it should be reflected in eliminating institutional obstacles, such as reforming the household registration management system that divides urban and rural areas. Grasp the quality of economic growth while increasing the employment content. Give full play to the role of market mechanism in regulating the labor force, let college students circulate widely between urban and rural areas and between the central and western regions, and avoid concentration in a certain region. First of all, to achieve stable economic development, improve the employment content of economic growth, eliminate various institutional obstacles, give full play to the regulatory role of market mechanism in the labor market, reform the household registration management system that divides urban and rural areas, and dredge the flow channels of college students between urban and rural areas and the central and western regions. ③ For school education, college students have a course "Career Guidance for College Students", which is often neglected. For this course, it is suggested that schools and teachers should pay attention to it, not only superficially, but also have practical activities in which students participate, so that they can often realize the essential problems and deficiencies in actual combat. In fact, the most important thing is yourself. In today's social environment, it is difficult to find a job and it is even more difficult to satisfy yourself. College students should be strict with themselves, read more extracurricular books that are beneficial to their development on the basis of learning professional courses well, and demand their all-round development in order to adapt to this complicated employment environment. Besides, we should pay more attention to current news, and the state should instill in itself the concept of employment before choosing a job. Only through the mutual coordination and joint efforts of all sectors of society can we truly solve this big problem and promote the full employment of college graduates.
Five Measures to Solve the Big Employment Problem in China
① On a large scale, stable and rapid economic development is the premise of full employment. Only with economic development and prosperity, sound market facilities and capital investment can be guaranteed, thus providing a large number of jobs. In addition, a sound social security system also provides a guarantee for the effective use of the labor force. It is also very important to improve the quality of workers, and the policy should be to increase the development of scientific and cultural education. Only with their own labor skills and perfect proficiency, employment opportunities will naturally increase. These all depend on education and vocational skills training. Therefore, we should vigorously develop scientific and cultural education. It is also crucial to develop intensive industries such as knowledge and capital. Reasonable adjustment and optimization of industrial structure is conducive to better attracting high-quality talents. This is also conducive to buffering structural unemployment. The perfection of social security system has great influence and help on employment, so we should pay more attention to social construction. On the premise of a certain degree of economic development, more state-owned energy should be put into the social security system, so that workers can actively choose non-public sectors when choosing jobs. Relieve the pressure of employment and eliminate the misunderstanding of choosing a job. Therefore, from the perspective of national development strategy, employment is essentially the goal of economic development and the foundation of people's livelihood, so the social security system can not be ignored.
References:
[1] China Academy of Social Sciences? A comprehensive survey of social conditions in China? Research group. Characteristics and changes of the current employment situation in China [J]. Social Science Research, 2009, (2).
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