The top of the mantle above the crust and asthenosphere. According to the new global tectonic theory, large-scale horizontal movement has occurred and continues to occur in continental and marine crust. However, this horizontal movement does not occur between Si-Al layer and Si-Mg layer as envisaged by continental drift theory, but the lithospheric plate moves on the whole mantle asthenosphere like a conveyor belt, and the mainland is just a "passenger" on the conveyor belt.
The earth is the only planet suitable for plate tectonics.
The giant earth-like planet found outside the solar system was named "Super Earth". "Super Earth" has aroused scientists' keen interest in studying what the earth might look like. 20 14 scientists from Harvard university pointed out that these terrestrial planets are also suitable for plate tectonic theory. The theory of plate tectonics refers to the movement theory of huge plates that constitute the earth's solid crust. Plate movements often lead to earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and other major geological events. Basically, plates determine the geological history of the earth. The earth is the only known planet suitable for plate tectonics theory. The movement of the earth's plates is considered to be a necessary condition for the evolution of life.
"Super Earth" also applies to planets suitable for plate tectonics.
However, a paper published in Astrophysics by Diana Valencia, a planetary scientist at Harvard University, and her colleagues predicted that the "super earth" (whose mass is one to ten times that of the Earth) will also provide one of the necessary conditions for sustaining life through plate tectonics. Valencia, the author of the paper, said, "Some of these super-earths may also be in the' habitable zone' of their solar system, which means that they are just far away from their parent stars and have liquid water, so there will be life. Although only the thermal and chemical evolution of these planets can ultimately determine whether they are suitable for living, these thermal and chemical characteristics are extremely dependent on plate tectonic theory. " By comprehensively simulating the internal structure of these super-earths with large land area, Valencia and his research team discovered the relationship between the mass of the "super-earth" and its plate stress value. Some of these stress values change the earth's mantle very slowly. Stress value is the driving force of plate deformation and subduction (one plate sinks under another plate). Because these "super earths" are more massive than the earth, this driving force is also much greater than the earth. There is a seismically active ocean ridge between the Atlantic Ocean and the Indian Ocean, also known as the mid-ridge, which consists of two parallel ridge peaks and a middle canyon. There is also an earthquake ridge in the Pacific Ocean, but not in the middle of the ocean, but in the east. It is not very rugged, and there are no two rows of ridge peaks separated by the middle canyon. It is often called the rise of the central Pacific. The oceanic ridge is actually an area where the submarine splits to produce a new crust. Transform fault is a mid-ocean ridge cut into small segments by many transverse faults. It is not a simple translation fault, but a fault with one side split and the other side horizontally dislocated. Wilson called it transform fault. When two plates collide, the contact zone is squeezed and deformed, forming a folded mountain range, which sews up the originally separated two continents, which is called ground fissure. Generally speaking, within the plates, the crust is relatively stable, and the boundary between plates is a relatively active zone of the crust. Volcanic and seismic activities, faults, compressional folds, magma rising and crustal subduction occur frequently.