Austrian Radio (ORF) is the largest television and radio station in Austria.

TV

The main TV stations in Austria are Austrian TV 1 (0RF 1) and Austrian TV 2 (0RF2). Private TV stations include ATV and so on.

network media

Stock Portal, Austria Today, Austrian Times, etc.

Newspapers and periodicals

120 1 1 year, there are 294 newspapers in Austria, including 15 daily newspapers, 3 free newspapers and 262 weekly newspapers. The main newspapers in Austria are Courier, Standard, News, Crown, Vienna and Economic. Some influential Chinese newspapers in Austria include European Times, European Weekly, European Huaxin Newspaper and China People's Daily. The main periodicals in Austria are Sideways, Newsweek, Trends and Industry.

news agency

Austrian news agencies include Austrian News Agency and Austrian News Agency. Austrian school-age children enjoy nine-year compulsory education. Tuition, books and transportation to school are all borne by the state. Anyone with a high school diploma can go to college without effort. The famous Vienna University, founded in 1365, is the oldest university in German-speaking area.

1774, Austria was still a part of the Holy Roman Empire, and the Grand Duchess maria theresia laid the foundation of the Austrian education system at that time. Austria's education system is controlled by the federal government, with nine-year compulsory education for children aged 6 ~ 15. Its education system can be roughly divided into four parts, namely preschool education, primary education, secondary education and higher education.

preschool education

Most children over the age of 3 will go to kindergarten, but it is not compulsory.

primary education

By the time a child reaches the age of 6 (September 1 day is the definition day every year), he/she must enter the people's school for four years. During this period, school-age children's tuition, books and school transportation fees will be borne by the state. In addition to schools set up by the general state, schools that can attend can also go to local private schools, and even study at home under certain conditions.

secondary education

After primary school, students are about 10 years old and can choose to enter ordinary middle schools or trunk middle schools for four years. Ordinary middle schools have entrance exams, and they must pass them to learn; There is no such restriction in main middle schools. If children have special problems, they can choose special schools as learning institutions. After successfully completing the eighth grade (nine-year compulsory education), students will be faced with choosing one of four educational institutions, namely, ordinary high school, advanced vocational training school, intermediate vocational training school and multi-technical school. Each school is a new stage, and only advanced vocational training school needs to take the exam and has a score threshold. When you jump from senior vocational schools and ordinary high schools to higher education, you must pass the graduation exam.

higher education

The length of study in Austrian universities is generally 4-5 years, including 2 years of basic study and 2-3 years of professional study. Students should complete the study of compulsory courses and elective courses within the specified number of years, obtain the necessary credits through the examination, write a graduation thesis in the final stage of study, and graduate after passing the examination. Austria only offers advanced degrees-university doctorates. Doctoral education is a natural continuation of undergraduate education. There is no age limit for doctoral students, and there is no special institution responsible for organizing doctoral education. The main form is tutor guidance. The traditional academic system, without a bachelor's degree, is called diploma study, which is divided into 2 ~ 3 stages (Abschnitt). Master's degree (Master; Engineering is Diplom-Ingenieur). After getting a master's degree, you have to enter the doctoral program, write a doctoral thesis, and then award different doctoral degrees according to academic classification after passing the defense.

Austria has a strict academic system. In principle, doctoral studies must belong to the same category as previous master's studies. Austria reformed higher education and introduced bachelor's degree, but so far, only a few departments offer bachelor's courses, and most departments still follow the traditional diploma program. Austrian public universities adopt the division of labor system, and the level of each school is average. Students choose schools according to the subjects they want to study and the convenience of transportation. Compared with private colleges, diplomas from public universities are more valued. The total length of the national railway is 5702 kilometers. In 20 12, the passenger traffic was 262.9 million passengers, up by 7.7% year-on-year, and the freight volume was about/kloc-0.05 million tons. The special geographical location makes Austria a rail transit hub running through East, West, North and South Europe. The Vienna Central Railway Station project under construction will be officially completed and put into use at the end of 20 14. By then, passengers will be able to travel directly in the east-west and north-south directions without too much trouble, and railway transportation will be faster. The new Eurasian Continental Bridge line, which was opened in early 2009, can reach central Austria from northern China in just over two weeks, providing new convenience for trade.

Austria is located in the heart of Europe, closely connected with neighboring countries through the extensive network of Austrian federal railways, and has become a part of the European railway network. Major hub railway stations, such as Vienna, Salzburg, Graz and Innsbruck, have frequent trains to all parts of Austria and major cities in neighboring countries.

The main routes of Austrian railways are as follows:

East-west direction: Vienna-Linz-Salzburg (into Germany), Salzburg-Innsbruck-Feldkich -Bre gnc (into Switzerland), Salzburg-bischoff Schofen-Selz Tal-Graz (into Slovenia).

North-South direction: Linz-Graz (into Slovenia), Vienna-Bruggen Demoures-Klagenfurt-Filach (into Italy), Bruggen Demol-Graz (into Slovenia) and Innsbruck-Bolena (into Italy).

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756 ~ 179 1): a great Austrian composer and an outstanding representative of the Viennese classical school. He widely used various musical forms, successfully linked the national music of Germany, Austria, Italy and other countries with the traditional music of Europe, endowed it with profound ideological content and perfect form, and opened up a brand-new road for the development of western music. Its creative technique is novel, the melody is simple and beautiful, the texture is clean and meticulous, and the orchestration pays attention to the timbre effect, which plays a positive role in polyphonic music and has a great influence on later music creation. He wrote seventy-five works in his life, leaving behind such famous operas as The Wedding of Figaro, Don Juan, The Great Escape from the harem and The Magic Flute, making opera a new genre with civic characteristics. He also composed a large number of symphonies, concertos, piano pieces and chamber music ensembles. Sigmund freud (1856 ~ 1939): Austrian psychiatrist, neurologist and psychologist, the founder of psychoanalysis. 1856 was born in Moravia, the home of a Jewish businessman. He moved to Vienna with his family when he was 4 years old. 17 years old was admitted to the Medical College of Vienna University, 188 1 received his doctorate. After practicing medicine, he served as a clinical neurologist and engaged in the clinical treatment of mental illness for life. When exploring the root of mental illness, Freud abandoned the mainstream theory of physiological etiology at that time, gradually moved towards the theory of psychological etiology, and founded the theory of psychoanalysis.

His main works are: Interpretation of Dreams (1900), Three Theories on Sexology (1905), Introduction to Psychoanalysis (19 10) and Civilization and Its Defects (10). Franz Kafka (1883 ~ 1924): Austrian novelist. 1883 was born in a Jewish businessman's family in Prague on July 3rd. His main works are four collections of short stories and three novels. Unfortunately, most of them were not published before his death, and there are still three long articles that have not been finished. Kafka is a famous expressionist writer in Europe. He lived in an era when Austria-Hungary was about to collapse, and was deeply influenced by Nietzsche and Bergson's philosophy. He always keeps a live attitude towards political events, so most of his works use grotesque images and symbolic intuition to express isolated and desperate individuals surrounded by hostile social environment.

His most famous works are Underground Cave (1923), Metamorphosis (19 12), Castle, Trial and so on. Gregor Johann Mendel, 1822, was born in Silesia on July 20th. He is the founder of genetics and is known as the father of modern genetics.

Mendel discovered the law of inheritance, separation and free combination through pea experiment. Mendel loved gardening since he was a child. From 185 1 to 1853, Mendel studied in Vienna University for four semesters, systematically studying botany, zoology and chemistry. Among a large number of plant hybridization experiments conducted by Mendel, pea hybridization experiment is the best. After eight years of unremitting efforts (1856 ~ 1864), the paper "Plant Hybrid Experiment" was finally published in 1865, revealing two basic laws of genetics-separation phenomenon and the law of free combination. The discovery and presentation of these two important laws laid a solid foundation for the birth and development of genetics, which is also an important scientific research achievement that Mendel will leave behind.