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abstract:
On the basis of comprehensive evaluation of predecessors' research results, from the perspective of sports training and sports anatomy, this paper expounds and analyzes the connotation of functional strength and traditional strength training, the similarities and differences between functional strength training and traditional strength training, and the value of functional strength training, aiming at clarifying the relationship between functional strength training and traditional strength training and providing methods and ideas for relevant coaches and athletes to better understand strength training.
Key words:
Functional strength; Traditional forces; Training relationship;
First, the concepts of functional strength training and traditional strength training
Functional strength training
The term "functional strength training" was first put forward by the famous sports expert Gray in 1997. He believes that human movement is a complete "power chain", and functional strength training is not the training of a certain part of the body, but the training of the nervous system and deep small muscle groups. Boyle's explanation of functional strength training is that the human body moves in an unstable state, which makes it difficult for the human body to exert its strength smoothly. By coordinating the whole body, activating deep muscles and small muscle groups, we can improve the balance and stability of movements and the ability of body control, thus promoting the promotion of special abilities. In essence, functional strength enables athletes to apply strength to sports skills, and their training is measured by sports quality, not by weight or numbers.
(B) traditional strength training
Traditional strength refers to the ability of the human body's own neuromuscular system to overcome or resist resistance during exercise. "According to the relationship between strength quality and athletes' weight, it can be divided into relative strength and absolute strength; According to the characteristics of the strength required to complete different movements, it can be divided into fast strength, strength endurance and maximum strength. "Traditional strength training is to formulate specific training plans for a single muscle group according to the characteristics of different projects, thus improving the control ability of the project.
Second, the characteristics of functional strength training and traditional strength training
(A) Analysis of the characteristics and advantages of functional strength training
Functional strength training pays attention to multi-angle overall exercise and the synergistic effect of various muscle groups, and the coordinated exercise of muscles in all planes of the exercise chain. It is a kind of strength training combined with sports specificity, but it does not emphasize the excessive development of physical strength in a certain movement. Functional strength training abandons the disadvantages of maintaining the relative balance of body center of gravity with the help of instruments in traditional strength training. Through the movement of the body in three-dimensional space, the most commonly used instruments are: Swiss ball, balance ball, skateboard, inflatable cushion, small trampoline, balance board and so on. Practitioners often use these devices for weight-bearing or non-weight-bearing strength training. These training instruments increase the instability of the human body's center of gravity during training, carry out unstable strength training, constantly adjust their unstable state, realize the improvement of muscle group ability stability, and enhance the core strength at the same time. In a complete training cycle, the training of functional strength is mainly arranged in general preparation period and special preparation period. After a complete functional training cycle, the strength of the human body is effectively transmitted in sports, and the balance of the body and the accuracy of technical movements are effectively guaranteed in fierce physical confrontation events. So as not to get hurt in the confrontation.
(B) the characteristics of traditional strength training
Traditional strength training pays attention to the development of individual muscles. With the increase of muscle strength, muscle volume also increases. The basic methods of traditional strength training mainly include dynamic isometric contraction training, static isometric contraction training, isokinetic contraction training, super isometric contraction training and cycle training; Its training methods include seven main training methods, such as load-bearing resistance exercise, antagonistic exercise and overcoming external environmental resistance. Because traditional strength training is more about training a single muscle, traditional strength training can directly see the training effect. For example, squat exercise is mainly to develop our lower limb strength, and sports that require higher explosive power of lower limbs can benefit more intuitively. But it also reflects the lack of training, and there will be a state of uncoordinated strength of the upper and lower limbs. Although the heavy compound training action has improved our core strength to some extent, it is not enough for the development of deep small muscle groups. This requires us to innovate traditional strength training methods and improve strength quality training in the process of sports training.
Third, the relationship between functional strength training and traditional strength training
The value of functional strength training is mainly to increase the stability of core muscle groups and the strength of small muscle groups and deep muscle groups. Long-term functional strength exercises can improve the strength of small core muscles, especially those around the spine, thus improving the core stability of the body. Physical exercise can provide better conditions for the transmission of upper and lower limb strength, thus improving the sensitivity and speed of completing the action. It plays an important role in the technical support of sports events. It can also be simply considered that functional strength training can lay the foundation for traditional strength training.
The value pursuit of traditional strength training is embodied in the one-dimensional training of fixed support for human muscle groups one by one or in blocks, so as to achieve the effect of enhancing maximum strength and explosive power. Compared with traditional strength training, functional strength training can improve the speed, coordination and sensitivity of athletes, but its influence on the explosive power of lower limbs is far less than that of traditional strength training, and the jumping ability still needs to be obtained through high resistance strength training. Traditional strength training, in order to increase the strength of a muscle, needs strong core strength and the assistance of deep small muscle groups to make this muscle develop better. Therefore, traditional strength training and functional strength training complement each other.
Four. Concluding remarks
Functional strength training is a new strength training method in the field of competitive training in recent years. It is characterized by strengthening the control ability of neuromuscular control system and the stable strength of deep muscle groups in the core area, so that the body can improve the efficiency of power output in high-speed movement or unstable state through the balance control function of human sports chain and the connection, transmission and integration of different parts and links of sports chain, and help technical movements to play better in unstable state. Traditional strength training and functional strength training are very different in physiology, anatomy and sports training, but they have their own advantages and disadvantages. Functional strength training needs to make up for the unbalanced development of large and small muscle groups and reduce the probability of sports injury, while combining the strength quality based on traditional strength training. The two should not be neglected, but should complement each other to achieve coordinated development. Therefore, we should not abandon the traditional strength training methods because of the emergence of new training methods. The so-called "tradition" means that it must have produced great training value in a certain period in the past and may also play a fundamental role in the future. As for functional strength training, we should look at its innovation and development from a longer-term perspective, excavate and perfect its application in various sports through rigorous empirical research in the future, and constantly improve and perfect it.
refer to
Liu Ruidong, Chen Xiaoping. Effects of functional strength training on muscle recruitment characteristics and physical fitness [J]. journal of shanghai university of sport, 2016,40 (05): 73-79.
[2] Wang Zhiwei, Yan Junhai. Discussion on the Relationship between Core Strength and Traditional Strength Training [J]. Neijiang Science and Technology, 2012,33 (10): 63-64.
[3] functional training [M]. People's Posts and Telecommunications Publishing House, Juan carlos santana, 20 17.
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