The continuous development of modern science and technology has greatly promoted the intersection and infiltration of different disciplines, leading to technological revolution and change in the engineering field. In the field of mechanical engineering, due to the rapid development of microelectronics and computer technology and its penetration into the mechanical industry, the technical structure, product organization, function and composition, production mode and management system of the mechanical industry have undergone tremendous changes, and industrial production has entered a development stage characterized by "mechanical electrification". I. Overview of Mechatronics Mechatronics refers to a system that combines mechanical devices with electronic design and software by introducing electronic technology into the main functions, power functions, information processing functions and control functions of institutions. The development of mechatronics has become a new discipline with its own system. With the development of science and technology, it will be endowed with new contents. However, its basic characteristics can be summarized as follows: mechatronics is based on the system point of view, which comprehensively uses group technologies such as mechanical technology, microelectronics technology, automatic control technology, computer technology, information technology, sensor measurement and control technology, power electronics technology, interface technology, information conversion technology, software programming technology, etc., and rationally configures and arranges various functional units according to the system functional objectives and optimization organizational objectives, so as to realize specific functional values in the sense of multi-function, high quality, high reliability and low energy consumption. The resulting functional system becomes an electromechanical integration system or an electromechanical integration product. Therefore, "mechatronics" covers both "technology" and "products". However, mechatronics technology is a comprehensive technology based on the organic integration of the above-mentioned group technologies, rather than a simple combination and patchwork of new technologies such as mechanical technology and microelectronics technology. This is the fundamental difference in concept between mechatronics and mechanical electrification formed by mechanical electrification. From pure technology to mechanical electrification, mechanical engineering technology still belongs to traditional machinery, and its main function is still to replace and amplify physical strength. However, with the development of mechatronics, microelectronic devices can not only replace the original functions of some mechanical parts, but also give many new functions, such as automatic detection, automatic information processing, automatic display and recording, automatic adjustment and control, automatic diagnosis and protection. In other words, mechatronics products are not only the extension of human hands and limbs, but also the eyes of human senses and hearts. Intelligentization is the essential difference between mechatronics and mechanical electrification in function. Second, the development of electromechanical integration The development of electromechanical integration can be roughly divided into three stages. Before the 1960 s, it was the first stage, called the primary stage. During this period, people consciously or unconsciously used the preliminary results of electronic technology to improve the performance of mechanical products. Especially during the Second World War, the war stimulated the combination of mechanical products and electronic technology. These military technologies combined with mechatronics were converted to civilian use after the war and played a positive role in the post-war economic recovery. At that time, research and development as a whole was still in a spontaneous state. Because the development of electronic technology had not reached a certain level at that time, the combination of mechanical technology and electronic technology could not be widely and deeply developed, and the developed products could not be widely promoted. The 1970s and 1980s are the second stage, which can be called the vigorous development stage. During this period, the development of computer technology, control technology and communication technology laid a technical foundation for the development of mechatronics. The rapid development of large-scale, ultra-large-scale integrated circuits and microcomputers has provided sufficient material basis for the development of mechatronics. The characteristics of this period are as follows: ① mechatronics was generally accepted in Japan at first, and was widely recognized in the world by the end of 1980s; ② The electromechanical integration technology and products have made great progress; (3) The state began to attach great importance to and support mechatronics technologies and products. In the late 1990s, mechatronics technology entered a new stage of intelligence, and mechatronics entered a period of in-depth development. On the one hand, optics and communication technologies have entered the electromechanical integration, and micro-machining technology has also appeared in the electromechanical integration, and new branches such as optical electromechanical integration and micro-electromechanical integration have appeared; On the other hand, the modeling design, analysis and integration methods of mechatronics system, the discipline system and development trend of mechatronics are deeply studied. At the same time, due to the great progress in artificial intelligence technology, neural network technology, optical fiber technology and other fields, it has opened up a broad world for the development of electromechanical integration technology. These studies will further establish a complete electromechanical integration foundation and gradually form a complete scientific system. China's research and application in this field began in the early 1980s. The State Council established a leading group for mechatronics, and included this technology in the "863 Plan". When formulating the Ninth Five-Year Plan and the 20 10 development outline, the international development trend of mechatronics technology was fully considered. Therefore, the main development direction of mechatronics is as follows: 3. 1 intelligence is the important development direction of mechatronics technology in 2 1 century. Artificial intelligence has been paid more and more attention in the research of electromechanical integration builders, and the intelligence of robots and CNC machine tools is an important application. The "intelligence" mentioned here is a description of machine behavior. On the basis of control theory, it absorbs new ideas and methods such as artificial intelligence, operational research, computer science, fuzzy mathematics, psychology, physiology, chaotic dynamics, etc., and simulates human intelligence, so that it has the ability of judgment and reasoning, logical thinking and independent decision-making, thus achieving higher control goals. It is true that it is impossible and unnecessary for mechatronics products to have exactly the same intelligence as people. However, it is absolutely possible and necessary for high-performance and high-speed microprocessors to endow mechatronics products with low-level intelligence or part of human intelligence. 3.2 Modularization Modularization is an important and arduous project. Due to the wide variety of mechatronics products and numerous manufacturers, it is very complicated and important to develop mechatronics product units with standard mechanical interfaces, electrical interfaces, power interfaces and environmental interfaces. For example, the development of power unit integrating deceleration, intelligent speed regulation and motor, control unit with functions of vision, image processing, recognition and ranging, and various mechanical devices capable of completing typical operations. In this way, new products can be developed quickly and the production scale can be expanded by using standard units. This requires the formulation of standards to facilitate the matching and interface of components and units. Due to conflicts of interest, it is difficult to formulate international or domestic standards in this field in the near future, but it can be gradually formed by setting up some large enterprises. Obviously, judging from the benefits of standardization and serialization of electrical products, it is certain that the scale will bring bright prospects to electromechanical integration enterprises, whether it is enterprises producing standard electromechanical integration units or enterprises producing electromechanical integration products. 3.3 Networking In the 1990s, the outstanding achievement of computer technology was network technology. The rise and rapid development of network technology has brought great changes to science and technology, industrial production, politics, military affairs, education and people's daily life. Various networks connect the global economy and production, and the competition among enterprises will also be globalized. Once a new product of mechatronics is developed, it will soon sell well all over the world as long as it has unique functions and reliable quality. Due to the popularity of the network, various remote control and monitoring technologies based on the network are in the ascendant, and the remote control terminal equipment itself is a mechatronics product. Fieldbus and LAN technology have become the general trend of home appliance networking. Using home network to connect various household appliances into a computer-centered computer integrated household appliance system (CIAS), people can share the convenience and happiness brought by various high technologies at home. Therefore, mechatronics products are undoubtedly developing in the direction of networking. 3.4 Miniaturization arose in the late 1980s, which refers to the development trend of mechatronics to micro-machines and micro-fields. It is called micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) abroad, which generally refers to mechatronics products whose geometric size does not exceed 1cm3, and it is developing to micron and nanometer scale. Micro-electromechanical integration products are small in size, low in energy consumption and flexible in movement, and have incomparable advantages in biomedical, military and information fields. The bottleneck of the development of micro-electromechanical integration lies in micro-mechanical technology, and the processing of micro-electromechanical integration products adopts fine processing technology, that is, ultra-precision technology, including lithography technology and etching technology. 3.5 The development of green industry has brought great changes to people's lives. On the one hand, it is rich in materials and comfortable in life; On the other hand, resources are reduced and the ecological environment is seriously polluted. Therefore, people call for protecting environmental resources and returning to nature. The concept of green products came into being under this voice, and greening is the general trend. Green products meet the specific requirements of environmental protection and human health in the life process of their design, manufacture, use and destruction, with little or no harm to the ecological environment and high resource utilization rate. Designing green mechatronics products has great development prospects. The greening of mechatronics products mainly means that they do not pollute the ecological environment when used and can be recycled after being scrapped. 3.6 One of the characteristics of systematization is that the system architecture further adopts an open and modular bus structure. The system can be flexibly configured, arbitrarily cut and combined, and at the same time seek to realize the coordinated control and integrated management of multiple subsystems. The second performance is that the communication function has been greatly enhanced. Generally, except RS232, RS485 and DCS are personalized. The future mechatronics pays more attention to the relationship between products and people, and the personification of mechatronics has two meanings. On the first level, the end users of mechatronics products are people. How to endow mechatronics products with intelligence, emotion and humanity is becoming more and more important, especially for home robots, whose high-level realm is man-machine integration. The other layer is to imitate the biological mechanism and develop various electromechanical integrated flower products. In fact, many mechatronics products are developed by animals. Four, typical mechatronics products mechatronics products are divided into two categories: system (complete machine) and basic components. Typical mechatronics systems include: CNC machine tools, robots, automotive electronic products, intelligent instruments, electronic typesetting and printing systems, CAD/CAM systems, etc. Typical mechatronics components and components include: power electronic devices and devices, programmable controllers, fuzzy controllers, micromotors, sensors, application specific integrated circuits, servo mechanisms, etc. The analysis of the technical status, development trend and market prospect of these typical mechatronics products is omitted. V. Situation and tasks facing the development of "mechatronics" in China. Mechatronics mainly includes two aspects: one is to transform traditional industries with microelectronics technology, with the purpose of saving energy and materials, improving work efficiency and product quality, and promoting technological progress of traditional industries; The second is to develop automatic, digital and intelligent mechanical and electrical products and promote product upgrading. (1) The situation of "mechatronics" in China is 1. It is difficult to transform traditional industries with microelectronics technology in China. 2. In China, the voice and pressure of using mechatronics technology to speed up product upgrading and increase market share are very high. 3. It is of great significance to replace the products with low technical content and added value, high energy consumption, water consumption and consumables, and heavy responsibility for pollution and nuisance with mechatronics products. In China's industrial system, large consumers of energy and water and enterprises that pollute the environment still account for a considerable proportion. In recent years, although China's industrial structure and product structure have been adjusted many times, the effect has not been obvious enough for various reasons. Of course, there are many problems caused by higher authorities, such as "leaving home" and "returning to the old job", but there are also undeniable problems such as not optimizing the ideal industry and choosing the favorite products. The best answer has long been placed in front of these enterprises, that is, to develop electromechanical integration and develop and produce related electromechanical integration products. Mechatronics products have strong functions, good performance, high quality, low cost and strong flexibility. They can be adjusted and reformed according to the market demand and the product structure and production technology reflected by users without changing the equipment. This is an important way to solve the problem of multi-variety and small batch production of mechanical and electrical products. At the same time, it can inject fresh blood into the traditional machinery industry, bring new vitality, liberate mechanical production from heavy manual labor and realize civilized production. In addition, from the perspective of market demand, due to the short history of research and development of electromechanical integration products in China, the variety, quantity, grade and quality of many products can not meet the demand, and the annual import volume is relatively large, which is in urgent need of development. (2) The task of "mechatronics" in China The task of mechatronics in China can be summarized into two sentences: one sentence is to transform traditional industries extensively and deeply with mechatronics technology; There is also a saying that mechanical and electrical products should be developed in a big way to promote the upgrading of mechanical and electrical products. The overall purpose is to promote the formation of mechatronics industry and contribute to the adjustment of China's industrial structure and product structure. In a word, mechatronics technology is not only the fresh blood and source power to revitalize the traditional electromechanical industry, but also the key to open the door of product structure and industrial structure adjustment in China's electromechanical industry. Countermeasures for the development of "mechatronics" in China (1) Strengthening overall planning and coordinating development plans At present, there are many units engaged in the research, development and production of "mechatronics" in China. Each has its own development strategy. Due to the limitation of each unit's foothold and focus, it is inevitable to only consider local interests. There are also problems of unified consideration and insufficient overall arrangement in the relevant plans and plans of various competent departments, and there is a lack of authoritative development plans and strategic plans that take the overall situation into account. Therefore, it is suggested that the competent department instruct the relevant units to work out the overall R&D and production plan of "mechatronics" on the basis of in-depth investigation and scientific analysis to avoid duplication in development and collision in production! (2) Strengthen industry management and play the role of "association". At present, "mechatronics" is hot in China, but according to the current industry division and management system, "multi-strategy" is difficult. Therefore, it is necessary for China to define a unified management organization for the mechatronics industry. According to the spirit of the current national political system reform and economic system reform, and the characteristics of the electromechanical integration industry, we suggest strengthening the construction of Beijing Electromechanical Integration Association as soon as possible and endowing it with industry management functions. The "Association" should further expand the representative level and coverage of the leading body-the Council, and strengthen the construction of offices and secretariats; It is necessary to draft "industry" development plans and strategic plans through its smart offices and economic entities; Guide the adjustment of industrial layout, choose development breakthrough, and do a good job in pilot projects of key projects and bidding for related projects ... (3) Optimize the development environment and increase support, that is, create an atmosphere in which the whole society, both inside and outside enterprises, pays attention to and supports the development of "mechatronics", such as facilitating foreign investors to invest and develop "mechatronics" industries in China as soon as possible; Give the green light to high-tech enterprises that develop and produce mechatronics products as much as possible; Try to allocate resource elements for the development and production of mechatronics products. Increase support. In terms of technical policy, we should strictly limit the development of traditional products with high power consumption and high consumables, and restrict the forced elimination of backward products that do not adopt electromechanical integration technology; Vigorously promote electromechanical integration technology to transform traditional industries, give priority to supporting electromechanical integration technology to transform traditional industries, give priority to establishing and supporting related technology development and application projects, and commend and reward unit leaders and scientific and technological personnel who have made contributions to technology development and application. (D) development as the center, taking into account the "two levels". The electromechanical integration industry covers a wide range, and our financial, human and material resources are limited. Therefore, when we grasp the development of electromechanical integration industry, we should distinguish between primary and secondary, make bold choices and do something different. We should pay attention to two levels of work. The first level is "surface" work, that is, transforming traditional industries with electronic information technology, implanting or grafting microelectronic (computer) devices on traditional electromechanical equipment, and combining "mechanical" and "electronic" technologies at a shallow level. The second level is "improvement" work, that is, at the beginning of new product design, "machinery" and "electronics" are considered in a unified way, so that "machinery" and "electronics" are inseparable and deeply combined, and the new products produced at least realize electromechanical integration. Seven. Conclusion To sum up, the emergence of mechatronics is not isolated, it is the crystallization of many scientific and technological developments and the inevitable requirement for the development of social productive forces to a certain stage. Of course, there are still many technologies related to mechatronics, and with the development of science and technology, the trend of integration of various technologies will become more and more obvious, and the broad development prospects of mechatronics technology will become brighter and brighter.