Harm of Salmonella
1. Intestinal heat type (typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever): fever, discomfort and general pain began to appear, followed by persistent high fever, slow pulse, hepatosplenomegaly, peripheral leukopenia, and skin rose rash. Severe local intestinal necrosis and ulcer with complications such as bleeding and perforation.
2. Acute gastroenteritis (food poisoning): incubation period 12 ~ 24 hours, sudden nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea and fever. If bacteria produce toxins, it will cause symptoms of the central nervous system, such as elevated body temperature and convulsions. Severe cases include chills, convulsions, convulsions and coma, with a course of 3-7 days and a good prognosis.
3. Other types: cholera-like, typhoid, influenza-like, septicemia.
Symptoms of salmonella poisoning
The main symptom of salmonella poisoning is acute gastroenteritis. The incubation period is usually four to forty-eight hours, several hours in the short term and two to three days in the long term. Early symptoms include nausea, headache, general fatigue and chills. The main symptoms are vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, yellow-green watery stool, sometimes accompanied by pus and mucus, and the general fever temperature is 38 degrees Celsius to 40 degrees Celsius. Severe patients have symptoms such as chills, convulsions, convulsions and coma. The course of disease is three to seven days, and the prognosis is generally good. However, the elderly, children and the infirm may die if they are not treated in time. Most salmonellosis patients can heal themselves without taking medicine. Babies, the elderly and people who already have certain diseases should seek medical treatment. Salmonella carriers are not allowed to prepare food before getting the doctor's permission.
Preventive measures of salmonella
1, don't drink untreated water (such as ponds, streams, lakes, polluted seawater, etc.). ), don't drink milk that has not been pasteurized (that is, raw milk).
2. Do not eat raw meat or unheated meat; It is very wrong to eat raw eggs instead of raw eggs.
3. Wash your hands carefully after defecation, changing diapers and touching pets, and pay special attention to preparing food or eating.
4. Raw poultry, beef and pork should be regarded as foods that may be contaminated. If possible, fresh meat should be put in clean plastic bags to avoid oozing blood and polluting other foods. After handling raw meat, don't lick your fingers, touch other foods or smoke before washing your hands.
5. After touching a food, be sure to clean the chopping block carefully to avoid contaminating other foods.
6, especially when using microwave cook the meat, to make the meat inside and outside reach the same temperature (generally above 165 degrees Celsius), you can use a thermometer to check the temperature of the food in the furnace. The treatment of salmonella infection includes two aspects: etiological treatment and symptomatic treatment. Etiological treatment is the application of antibiotics to control the reproduction of bacteria and destroy them. Many Salmonella have developed resistance to several antibiotics, especially Salmonella typhimurium. The curative effect of antibiotics is not ideal, which brings great difficulties to the treatment. Antibiotics with good effect and small side effects should be selected.
For young children or seriously ill children, antibiotics should be injected intravenously and two antibiotics should be used at the same time. The medication time depends on the condition, and the total course of treatment shall not be less than 2 weeks. There are also therapies that use antibiotics for at least 1 week after the body temperature returns to normal for three days. It must be noted that the dose of antibiotics should not be too large at first, especially the antibiotics that kill bacteria. If a large number of bacteria die in a short time, the condition will get worse. The reason is that Salmonella can produce endotoxin, which exists in bacteria. Bacteria will release endotoxin after being killed and disintegrated, which will increase endotoxin in blood and aggravate toxemia.
Transmission route of salmonella
1, meat pollution
The detection rate of Salmonella in meat and its products in the United States is 20%? 25%, Britain 9.9%, Japan 10.3%, domestic salmonella meat 1. 1%? 39.5%。
2. Egg pollution
The detection rate of salmonella in eggs and their products in China is 3.9%-43.7%, and the reports of typhoid fever in rats caused by eating eggs are increasing gradually.
3. Environmental pollution
Food is often contaminated by Salmonella in the process of processing, transportation and sales. Salmonella can survive in feces, soil, food and water for 5 months to 2 years.
4. Communication problems
Convalescent patients and asymptomatic carriers are also common sources of infection.
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