There are four elements in the natural environment for human survival: atmosphere, water, soil and biology. Human beings and the environment depend on each other and use each other. Human beings are both creators of the environment. While industrial development brings material civilization to human beings, energy structure environmental chemistry mainly studies the existence, transformation, behavior and effect of chemical substances in the environment, as well as the principles and methods of controlling chemistry. It is a new important branch of chemical science and a core component of environmental science. According to the division of labor of the research report of the National Natural Science Foundation Committee on the development strategy of natural science, the research of environmental chemistry mainly includes four parts: environmental analytical chemistry, atmospheric, water and soil environmental chemistry, pollution ecological chemistry and pollution control chemistry. To solve the problem fundamentally, you need to have some chemical knowledge. Air pollution mainly refers to the chemical pollution of the atmosphere. There are many kinds of chemical pollutants in the atmosphere, and dozens of them are seriously harmful to human body. The air pollution in China belongs to coal pollution. The main pollutants are soot and sulfur dioxide, in addition, there are nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide. These pollutants mainly enter the human body through the respiratory tract, and are directly transported from the blood to the whole body without detoxification of the liver. Therefore, the chemical pollution of the atmosphere is very harmful to human health. This kind of harm can be divided into three types: chronic poisoning, acute poisoning and carcinogenesis. After rivers, lakes and other water bodies are polluted, it will cause serious harm to human health, mainly in the following three aspects. First of all, drinking the organic matter in polluted water and edible sewage will make people poisoned and even die. Second, the water polluted by human and animal feces and domestic garbage can cause infectious diseases such as viral hepatitis and bacillary dysentery, as well as parasitic diseases such as schistosomiasis. Third, some chemicals with carcinogenic effects. The fundamental purpose of establishing green chemistry is to re-examine and reform traditional chemistry from the perspective of saving resources and preventing pollution, so as to change our environmental governance from palliative to permanent cure. Therefore, using non-toxic, harmless and recyclable materials in industry, agriculture and daily life, and greening chemical reaction is an important way to control environmental pollution from the root.

Green chemistry is also called green technology, environment-friendly chemistry, environment-friendly chemistry and clean chemistry. Green chemistry is to reduce or eliminate the use and production of raw materials, catalysts, solvents, reagents, products and by-products harmful to human health, community safety and ecological environment by using technologies and methods such as chemistry. Chemistry can be roughly regarded as the science of studying the transformation of one substance into another. Although traditional chemistry can obtain new substances needed by human beings, it has not effectively utilized resources in many occasions, resulting in a large number of emissions and serious environmental pollution. Green chemistry is a higher level chemistry, and its main feature is "atomic economy", that is, making full use of every raw material atom in the process of obtaining substances to achieve "zero emission", so resources can be fully utilized without pollution. The transformation from traditional chemistry to green chemistry can be regarded as the transformation from "extensive" to "intensive" chemistry. Green chemistry can turn waste into treasure and greatly improve economic benefits. Here are some suggestions for everyone: 1 adopt new materials that are nontoxic, harmless and recyclable.

1. 1 raw material selection

The development of industrialization has provided a large number of new materials for human beings. While continuously improving human material life, it has also brought a large amount of domestic garbage, which has made the living environment of human beings deteriorate rapidly. In order not to reduce the living standard of human beings and damage the environment, we must develop and adopt new materials that are harmless to the environment and can be recycled.

Selection of 1.2 solvent

A large number of pollution problems related to chemical manufacturing not only come from raw materials and products, but also from substances used in their manufacturing process. The most common are reaction media, solvents used in separation and preparation. In traditional organic reactions, organic solvent is the most commonly used reaction medium, mainly because it can dissolve organic compounds well. However, the toxicity and difficult recovery of organic solvents make them harmful to the environment. Therefore, organic reactions without solvent, with water as the reaction medium and supercritical fluid as the reaction medium or extraction solvent, will become an important way to develop clean synthesis.