(1) Whether the topic is novel;
(2) Whether the viewpoint is clear;
③ Whether the arguments in the argument are sufficient and the sources are reliable;
④ Whether the reasoning is thoughtful, logical and scientific;
⑤ Whether the writing is smooth, refined and accurate.
Therefore, the writing of academic papers, from topic selection and conception to data collection and refinement, should be carried out around these requirements. Specifically, it can be summarized as follows:
First, choose a topic. Choosing the right topic is the most critical step in writing a good paper. The title should let readers know the author's views and attitudes on this issue at a glance, and it should be novel, so that peers and professional readers can attract interest and attention after reading it.
Attention should be paid when choosing a topic: it is best to choose a topic that is at the forefront of the same industry and is concerned and explored by most scientific and technological personnel, so that the work has certain novelty and obtains a larger readership; It is best to choose the scientific and technological activities or projects that you are directly engaged in and write on the topics that you have mastered a certain data base. This can not only reduce the difficulty of paper writing, but also form papers and works, not only from the facts and data of your direct scientific and technological practice, but also from the achievements and arguments of predecessors. If it is a paper from a periodical manuscript or an academic conference, the topic selection must be combined with one's own professional expertise and data accumulation, and the purpose of publication or the problems to be discussed and solved at the academic conference should be fully analyzed.
Second, the concept. Conception is an important link before data collection and writing after the topic is determined. It is not only directly related to the quality of articles, but also makes data collection and writing less detours and repetitions. What is the main content of the article? The beginning, key points, climax and paragraphs of the article are all positive narration or flashback, positive theory or negative theory. So it can be said that conception is to write a writing outline.
Generally speaking, we should pay attention to the following issues in our conception: First, we should closely focus on the topic, highlight the author's own views and make it clear. Second, the structure of the article should be complete and unified, in line with the internal relations and laws of the things written, and the context should be clear, reasonable, coherent and complete. Formally, topics and titles should be linked at different levels. Generally speaking. It's better to divide it into several parts, and you can't finish it all at once, which makes the level not clear enough, but it can't be too much, which makes it seem that the limbs are broken and the key points are not prominent. Third, in addition to the content and structure of the article, in the process of conception, we should also consider data collection and references, and arrange the priorities and time to ensure the smooth completion of the paper writing.
Third, the collection and arrangement of data. To write a good outline, we must first analyze and summarize the information we have: First, the previous views and conclusions on this topic. The second is some facts and data that I got in the work of this subject. On this basis, determine the collection focus. Generally speaking, the key point is to confirm the provable viewpoint, which includes the viewpoints obtained by predecessors and their own work. In the preliminary data, special attention should be paid to the information of regions and well-known researchers where scientific research projects related to this topic are well developed.
In data collection, we should pay attention to several relations: First, the relationship between monographs and periodical papers. Monographs often record the mature views and knowledge of peers and professions. Periodical papers reflect knowledge that has certain practical and theoretical depth, but is still at the forefront of the discipline and needs to be further enriched and improved. The second is the relationship between core journals and related journals. Core journals are journals with concentrated academic achievements in this major, and data collection should start from core journals first, and then from related journals when they are not satisfied. The third is the relationship from near to far. Due to the requirement for novelty of academic papers, we should consult the recent materials first, and then collect them retrospectively. The fourth is the relationship between rough reading and intensive reading.
Fourth, writing. On the premise of mature conception and sufficient data collection, you can start writing. Writing is a process of summarizing and sorting out words. It is a sublimation and leap process from perceptual knowledge to rational knowledge, and we must organically combine our achievements in scientific research and scientific and technological activities with previous viewpoints and conclusions on this topic around our own topics and viewpoints. Otherwise, it will give people a feeling of copying, piecing together, or keeping a running account and summing up the work, and it cannot be called an academic paper.
Generally speaking, after the first draft is formed, it must be read and revised repeatedly. First of all, the structure and coherence of the article are finally reviewed and approved; The second is to refine the words and remove unnecessary parts; The third is to supplement the insufficient part of the argument in order to become a more perfect paper.