With the continuous development of urbanization, the scale of the city is also expanding. At the same time, there are more and more engineering geological problems such as water resources protection and urban garbage in the process of urban construction, which seriously restricts the development of the city. For the sound development of human urban construction, it is very important to analyze these problems accordingly. Based on the analysis of urban environmental geological problems, this paper discusses many existing problems and puts forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions.

Keywords urban construction; Engineering geology; question

1 Main research contents of urban environmental geology

1. 1 regional crustal stability evaluation

The stability of the regional crust mainly refers to the relative stability of the crust under the influence of earthquakes and magmatic activities. It is the main engineering geological problem in urban construction, involving earthquake, ground fissure, volcanic activity and other geological activities. The most important factor determining the stability of the earth's crust is the earthquake. There are more than 1 10 in large and medium-sized cities with seismic fortification intensity greater than 7 degrees in China. Therefore, it is more and more important to strengthen earthquake prediction and improve the seismic capacity of buildings.

Exploration of 1.2 foundation conditions

The exploration of foundation conditions is mainly the field observation of topography, geotechnical structure, physical and mechanical properties and hydrological conditions. The distribution of soil quality in China is regional. For example, soft soil is mainly distributed in coastal areas, such as Bohai Sea, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta. Soft soil is characterized by softness, large cracks and low strength. Therefore, the engineering geological problems often encountered in construction in soft soil areas include ground cracks, wall cracking, building settlement and so on. In order to ensure the safety of buildings, it is necessary to find out the soil quality of the foundation in advance.

1.3 water supply and water resources protection

With the increasing urban population, the demand for water resources is also increasing. Therefore, water resources have become an important factor restricting urban development. Although the total amount of water resources in China is relatively large, the per capita water resources are less than the world's 1/4. In recent years, the problems of land subsidence and seawater intrusion caused by groundwater overexploitation in China have become increasingly serious. Water supply and water resources protection mainly include the selection and evaluation of water resources and the regulation and utilization of groundwater. At present, the common method of water resources management and protection is artificial recharge. Therefore, in the process of urban construction, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive and systematic investigation of urban groundwater resources in order to make a reasonable development plan and thus play a good role in protecting water resources.

2 geological problems caused by urban environment

2. 1 The shortage of water resources further aggravated the geological disasters.

In recent years, the process of urbanization in China has been accelerating, which has promoted the development of workers, farmers and other industries. People should strengthen their understanding of resource utilization while improving their living standards. At present, the increasing use of water resources seriously restricts the current urban development, which requires a clear and reasonable water use plan. As far as the current situation is concerned, the shortage of water resources not only affects the normal development of cities, but also the disasters caused by over-exploitation of water resources are increasing day by day, such as large-scale land subsidence, which in turn leads to various problems such as soil looseness, geology and transportation. At present, most urban domestic water is obtained by underground mining, which leads to a large number of groundwater being pumped away, thus causing land subsidence. This vicious circle seriously affects the ecological balance.

2.2 Water pollution is further aggravated.

Water pollution has always been an important issue in the urban construction of China, especially in the environmental planning of China. Water pollution not only directly affects people's health, but also narrows the scope of water supply and further aggravates the shortage of water resources. In modern urban construction, the problem of "three wastes" is inevitable. "Three wastes" are the source of water pollution, especially the arbitrary discharge of industrial wastewater, which leads to the pollution of surface water such as rivers and lakes. What's more, some enterprises directly discharge wastewater into the ground to avoid inspection, which seriously pollutes the groundwater.

2.3 geological problems in the process of environmental engineering construction

With the development of the city, some corresponding roads, railways, airports and other supporting facilities are in full swing, and it is this series of construction that has caused various geological problems. If we don't pay enough attention to geological conditions in the construction process, the probability of encountering special geological environment such as quicksand and silt will increase obviously, which will seriously affect the safety of buildings. At present, when building some large-scale water conservancy facilities in China, the problem of land salinization is further aggravated and the area involved is also expanding. If the geological problems of environmental engineering are not effectively alleviated, people's quality of life will be difficult to improve and all walks of life will be difficult to develop smoothly. Therefore, relevant geological departments must explore the law and take targeted prevention measures to effectively control the geological environment and reduce various hazards brought by urban construction [1].

3 Measures to improve urban geological problems

3. 1 Establish a harmonious relationship between man and land

In the process of urban construction, we must deal with the relationship between good people and geology, and we must look at environmental problems from a long-term perspective. In the process of urban construction, people often make short-sighted mistakes only for immediate interests, ignore the sustainable role of the environment in human development and fail to follow the sustainable development strategy. It is precisely because of human shortsightedness that the urban geological problems are becoming more and more serious. Therefore, in the process of urban construction, we must follow the strategy of sustainable development to benefit future generations.

3.2 Increase the geological environment capacity and improve the environmental quality.

In the process of urban construction, we should pay full attention to the quality and capacity of geological environment. The so-called geological capacity is the maximum load of the environment. Because the capacity is limited, we can't ignore the environmental capacity and blindly develop it in the construction process. If the environmental capacity is not considered, it will inevitably lead to various geological problems. Therefore, we should carry out various urban construction activities within the environmental capacity. Of course, in the actual construction process, we can't completely avoid the adverse effects, but in the face of these adverse behaviors, we should try our best to take corresponding measures to prevent further deterioration of the environment. For example, measures such as controlling industrial pollution and minimizing industrial "three wastes" can only be truly implemented if the public consciously implements them.

3.3 Prevention and control measures for specific geological problems

3.3. 1 Preventive measures for groundwater level decline

1) In terms of non-engineering measures, we mainly start from the following two aspects: (1) Strengthen the unified management of urban water use and make reasonable allocation according to the principle of "surface water first, then groundwater"; (2) Formulate corresponding water-saving management measures to encourage wastewater recycling. 2) In terms of engineering measures, the competent department of water resources should shut down the self-provided deep wells in the over-exploitation area; At the same time, a sewage treatment plant will be built to realize the economical utilization of water resources.

3.3.2 Water pollution prevention and control measures

The following measures can be taken to prevent and control water pollution: to publicize the common sense of water resources protection, to raise the public's awareness of water resources protection, to punish enterprises that illegally treat sewage according to law, and to develop new technologies to reduce sewage discharge.

4 conclusion

In short, in the process of urban construction, we should nip in the bud, prevent geological engineering geological problems in advance, and take timely measures for inevitable disasters to minimize losses, thus promoting the benign development of urbanization in China.

refer to

1 Zhang Huiping. Environmental engineering geological problems in urban underground engineering construction-prevention [J]. Journal of Natural Disasters, 20 12,14 (4):146-149.

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