Analysis on the Influencing Factors of Bank Deposits in Shanghai

1. Purpose and significance

In the modern commodity economy society, people's work and life are inseparable from money. All kinds of commodities that people need in life need money to buy; All kinds of services people need also need to pay to get them; People's labor and work remuneration-wages-are also paid in money; For various purposes, people want to accumulate wealth and preserve its value. The main ways they use are to accumulate money and deposit it in the bank. In addition to individuals, the daily operation of enterprises and administrative departments is also inseparable from money. Fiscal revenue and expenditure are also carried out in currency. It can be seen that money has been integrated into and affected the economic operation and people's lives. As a commodity "currency" bank, its function is to handle all kinds of deposits (also known as debt business), loans and remittances. Among them, all kinds of deposits (demand deposits, time deposits and savings) absorbed by commercial banks account for about 70% ~ 80% of the bank's capital sources, providing the vast majority of the bank's capital sources and providing a basis for realizing various functional activities of the bank. Therefore, bank deposits are of great significance to the survival and development of banks themselves. In addition, bank deposits can also reflect people's living standards and economic development level in a specific period. Therefore, the analysis of bank deposits in Shanghai is very important and necessary. This paper will introduce the application of stepwise regression method in SPSS 1 1.5 statistical analysis software, analyze and study the influencing factors of bank deposits in Shanghai, and establish a model to provide some reference for relevant professionals to make decisions.

2. Analysis of factors affecting bank deposits

As the main business of banks to absorb funds, deposits are influenced by many factors. I selected the data of 10 principal factors (195 1 to 2000), and used SPSS stepwise regression method to analyze and study their influence on bank deposits in Shanghai. The 10 factors are the city's residents' savings (100 million yuan), the number of employees (10,000 people), the city's residents' consumption level (100 million yuan), the city's bank loans (100 million yuan), the total investment in fixed assets of the whole society (100 million yuan), the total wages of employees (100 million yuan), the labor insurance and welfare expenses of employees (10,000 yuan), and the total retail sales of social consumer goods (

Table 2. 1 Shanghai Bank Deposit Data (195 1 year ~ 2000)

Annual bank deposits in the city (100 million yuan) savings of residents in the city (100 million yuan) employees (10,000 people) consumption level of residents in the city (100 million yuan) local bank loans (100 million yuan) total investment in fixed assets in the whole society (100 million yuan) total wages of employees (10,000 yuan) labor insurance benefits for employees (10,000 yuan) total retail sales of social consumer goods (100 million yuan) total municipal fiscal revenue (100 million yuan)

1964 33.29 8.64 438.3 1 270 45.27 7.22 19.40 33 1 17 26.55 73.35 6.52

1965 37.66 9.98 460.76 276 49.77 7.75 20.07 338 19 27. 13 83. 18 7.65

1966 40. 18 10.68 462.62 298 62.52 7.23 19.74 34536 28.72 92.49 8.74

1967 43.58 10.60 478.39 300 7 1.82 4.6 1 20.22 35268 30.78 73.97 8.42

1968 50.25 10.56 5 16.44 293 85.32 4.58 19.75 360 16 29.94 83.98 8.49

1969 57.42 10. 18 536.70 309 82. 12 7.45 2 1.06 36780 32.57 102.30 8.76

1970 142.4 1 10.47 540.87 304 76.05 10.90 20.63 37560 3 1.85 1 14.02 8.67

197 1 155.28 1 1.29 560.29 3 18 88.74 1 1.36 2 1. 14 38356 32.9 1 123.53 9.8 1

1972 167.8 1 12.5 1 576.74 334 99.4 1 13.23 22.08 39 169 36. 15 129. 1 1 13.30

1973 175.86 13. 13 589.52 357 1 12.66 16.24 22.37 39999 39.79 138. 18 23. 16

1974 178.2 1 13.85 6 10. 16 380 125. 13 22.43 22.80 40847 44.06 143.04 24.39

1975 185.09 14.66 646.88 397 129.6 1 32.53 23.49 4 1737 47.7 1 147. 1 1 22.20

1976 182.60 15.37 669.56 408 133.97 23.96 24.79 4653 1 49.98 144.42 19.78

1977 205.30 16.00 679.65 4 1 1 143. 19 18.00 24.97 49797 49.28 159.9 1 22.2 1

1978 242.93 18. 18 698.32 442 153.37 27.9 1 28. 12 57424 54. 10 190.67 28.93

1979 267.92 24.88 7 12.59 527 165. 16 35.58 32.73 8 1664 68.28 192.75 36.75

1980 29 1.06 30.20 730.77 582 200.98 45.43 38. 10 94004 80.43 198.85 42.66

198 1 148.85 32.92 750.22 638 22 1.98 54.60 39.59 10206 1 88.73 204.52 38.07

1982 170.56 37.94 764.03 640 227.77 7 1.34 4 1.34 1 13909 89.80 200.69 36.05

1983 190.73 45.97 768.90 688 239.50 75.95 42.9 1 127679 100.68 204.34 36.48

1984 222.5 1 56. 10 769.79 789 245.35 9 1.72 53.72 152282 123.72 2 15.79 35.87

1985 26 1.09 70.09 775.53 1030 306.27 1 18.56 68.99 1902 17 173.39 263.86 33.6 1

1986 324.8 1 90.95 782.99 1 190 427.66 146.93 83.35 233574 196.84 257.72 35.82

1987 396.38 120.33 788. 12 1298 523.35 186.30 94.78 286323 225.25 24 1.36 4 1.60

1988 4 19.68 14 1.2 1 792. 13 1680 576. 1 1 245.27 1 14.47 39 1974 295.83 26 1.69 46.05

1989 473.73 193.47 784.96 1928 698.7 1 2 14.76 13 1. 10 437789 33 1.38 297.25 50.32

1990 6 13.86 252. 16 787.72 2009 857.76 227.08 146.78 533797 333.86 284.36 53.2 1

199 1 769.95 328.22 798. 13 242 1 1008.82 258.30 172.84 670676 382.06 324.66 57.40

1992 105 1.45 4 13.09 806.9 1 2842 12 13.32 357.38 2 17.2 1 804903 464.82 340. 13 65.55

1993 1495.06 578.39 787.25 4 162 1605.57 653.9 1 279.33 103870 1 624.30 439.53 73.82

1994 2247.56 975.95 786.04 5343 1966.96 1 123.29 357.89 124 1344 770.74 6 15.9 1 90.77

1995 3056.76 1396. 13 794. 19 67 12 2387.33 160 1.79 440.75 1496034 970.04 702.46 1 15.77

1996 3870.98 1868.34 85 1.2 1 7742 2852.66 1952.05 492.70 1873885 1 16 1.30 873.76 132.38

1997 5560.65 2729.57 847.25 8699 3722.30 1977.59 5 10. 10 193 1500 1325.2 1 1070.95 147.24

1998 5595.43 2372.94 836.2 1 9202 4259.7 1 1964.83 5 10.35 1878 137 147 1.03 1 146.00 159.56

1999 6270.9 1 2597. 12 8 12.09 10328 4862.03 1856.72 583.54 2095239 1590.38 1390.58 187.85

2000 6925.99 2524.05 828.35 1 1546 54 15.7 1 20 15.76 6 14.53 252 1553 1722.27 1752.70 253.54

Note: The data in this table are from Shanghai Statistical Yearbook.

2. 1 city savings (100 million yuan)

Personal monetary income is used for personal consumption, and savings are prepared for long-term consumption or unpredictable needs. They are not capital, and the amount is relatively small. Due to the development of modern banking system, petty money income can be converted into capital by holding savings and paying interest, thus expanding the total social capital and accelerating economic development. As can be seen from Table 2. 1, with the development of social economy and the continuous improvement of people's income, the city's residents' savings increased from19510/100 million yuan in 2000 to 252.405 billion yuan, especially after 1985. Therefore, the savings of urban residents have a direct and far-reaching impact on bank deposits.

2.2 Number of employees (ten thousand)

The number of employees refers to the total number of employees in enterprises and institutions in all walks of life in the city, including employees in other units such as state-owned, collective, joint venture and sole proprietorship, urban individual workers, rural collective, individual workers and other workers. As can be seen from Table 2. 1, the number of employees is increasing steadily, which is closely related to the increase of urban population. In recent ten years, the rapid economic development and the image of Shanghai as an international metropolis have attracted a large number of migrants (foreign and foreign) to live, start businesses and work in Shanghai. With more and more enterprises in the city, the number of employees is also increasing. The number of employees is closely related to bank deposits, because each employee will have his own income. Regardless of their income, each of them will have more than one account in the bank, and use passbooks and debit cards to receive wages or handle various current and fixed deposits or withdrawals. Use credit card to spend or withdraw money.

2.3 Consumption level of residents in the whole city (yuan/person)

Residents' consumption level refers to the degree to which residents meet people's needs for survival, development and enjoyment in the process of material products and services consumption. Reflected by the quantity and quality of material products and services consumed. The main indicators reflecting the consumption level of residents are:

(1) Average physical consumption index: per capita annual consumption of consumer goods, average ownership of durable consumer goods per 100 households, per capita living area, per capita domestic water consumption, per capita domestic electricity consumption, etc.

(2) Indicators of the popularity of modern living facilities: tap water penetration rate, gas penetration rate, average number of major household appliances per 100 households, telephone penetration rate, etc. ;

(3) Consumption structure indicators reflecting the consumption level: the proportion of food in the living expenses of residents, the proportion of cultural life services in the living expenses of residents, and the consumption proportion of consumer goods with different quality.

(4) Value indicators of average consumption: per capita consumption fund, per capita living consumption, per capita living consumption expenditure, etc.

As can be seen from Table 2. 1, since 1990, the consumption level of residents has been greatly improved, indicating that with the acceleration of reform and opening up, people's quality of life is getting better and better.

2.4 Bank loans in the whole city (100 million yuan)

Loan, also known as lending, is a business in which banks lend the absorbed funds to customers at a certain interest rate and agree on the repayment period. Although banks use funds in more than one way, in the asset business of commercial banks, loans are generally the first. Through loan connection, banks can keep close contact with industrial and commercial enterprises, which is conducive to broadening business areas and obtaining more profits. According to different labels, there are at least the following types of bank loans: short-term loans, medium-term loans and long-term loans; According to the purpose, it can be divided into investment loans, commercial loans, consumer loans and agricultural loans; According to whether the loan has collateral, it is divided into: mortgage loan and unsecured loan; According to the exchange method, it is divided into one-time repayment and installment repayment. As can be seen from Table 2. 1, bank loans have been increasing substantially, which indicates the rapid development of economy and the change of people's consumption concept.

2.5 Total investment in fixed assets of the whole society (100 million yuan)

The total investment in fixed assets is the workload of building and purchasing fixed assets expressed in currency, and it is a comprehensive index reflecting the scale, speed, proportion and use direction of fixed assets investment. The fixed assets investment of the whole society includes capital construction investment, renovation investment, other fixed assets investment of state-owned units, real estate development investment, urban collective fixed assets investment, joint-stock economy, foreign investment economy, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan investment economy and other economic types of fixed assets investment, rural collective fixed assets investment of more than 50,000 yuan, private housing investment in urban industrial and mining areas and national defense and civil air defense capital construction investment.

The investment in fixed assets of the whole society can be divided into state-owned, collective, individual, joint venture, joint-stock system, foreign businessmen, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan businessmen and others according to economic types. According to the management channels, the total investment in fixed assets of the whole society is divided into four parts: capital construction, renovation, real estate development investment and other fixed assets investment.

It is the main means of social fixed assets reproduction. Through the construction and purchase of fixed assets, the national economy constantly adopts advanced technology and equipment, establishes new departments, further adjusts the regional distribution of economic structure and productivity, enhances economic strength, and creates material conditions for improving people's material and cultural life. This is of great significance to China's socialist modernization.

As can be seen from Table 2. 1, the investment in fixed assets of the whole society shows an irregular growth trend. In 2000, the fixed assets investment ratio of the whole society increased by 8.8 times 1900, which truly reflected the economic take-off of Shanghai in the 1990s.

2.6 Total wages of employees (100 million yuan)

The total wages of employees refers to the sum of labor remuneration paid directly by each unit to all employees of the unit within a certain period of time, including bonuses, allowances, subsidies, overtime wages and other wages (additional wages, reserved wages and last year's wages paid by adjusting wages, etc.). To some extent, the wages of employees are the main source of citizens' income. If the income is relatively high, the amount used by residents for consumption and savings will also increase accordingly, so the wages of employees directly affect bank deposits.

2.7 Employee labor insurance and welfare expenses (ten thousand yuan)

Labor insurance and welfare refers to labor insurance and welfare. In order to protect workers' health and reduce their living difficulties, China has formulated corresponding labor insurance laws and regulations. Welfare refers to the general term of employee welfare, and also refers to the welfare measures implemented by enterprises for employees, including statutory welfare and various measures implemented by business owners and trade unions to improve the living standards of employees. As can be seen from Table 2. 1, in 2000, the total amount of labor insurance benefits paid by the unit to employees reached 25215.53 million yuan, and its proportion increased by 3% ~ 8% every year, reaching 67.9%. This data shows that people's basic living standards can be guaranteed, so that more money can be used for other consumption and savings deposits or other financial investments.

2.8 Total retail sales of social consumer goods (100 million yuan)

The total retail sales of social consumer goods refers to the sum of the retail sales of consumer goods to urban and rural residents and social groups and the retail sales of farmers to non-agricultural residents in various economic types, such as wholesale and retail, catering and manufacturing. Including goods sold to urban and rural residents for daily consumption (excluding housing) and non-production and non-business consumer goods sold to organs, organizations, military units, schools, enterprises, institutions, urban residents' committees and rural villagers' committees. This index reflects the situation of providing consumer goods to residents and social groups to meet their living needs through various commodity circulation channels, and is an important index to study people's life, purchasing power of social consumer goods, currency circulation and other issues.

2.9 the city's fiscal revenue (100 million yuan)

Since finance wants to provide public goods to meet public demand, it is necessary to concentrate part of the income from the total domestic income (GDI-the income index corresponding to the production index GDP). In this sense, fiscal revenue refers to a certain amount of monetary revenue, that is, a certain amount of total domestic revenue is owned by the state in the form of currency; Fiscal revenue can also be understood as a distribution process, which is the first stage or link of fiscal operation, and a specific distribution relationship or interest relationship has been formed in this process. According to its forms, fiscal revenue is divided into taxes, fees, debt revenue, coinage tax and inflation tax. Financial operation is a part of national economic operation, which determines financial operation, which in turn affects national economic operation, directly affects investment, consumption and import and export, affects the growth and structure of GDP, affects income distribution and income gap between different classes, and affects economic stability and sustainable development.

2. 10 Total export commodities (USD 100 million)

Foreign export trade has always been an important link and embodiment of Shanghai's economic development, and it is also a prerequisite for earning foreign exchange, achieving balance of payments and increasing international reserves. With China's accession to the WTO, Shanghai's foreign trade has become more and more frequent, and the quantity and amount of export commodities have also greatly increased. At present, in international contracts for the sale of goods, most payment terms are settled in cash through banks. The main settlement tools used in international trade in goods are currency and bills. As the settlement intermediary between buyers and sellers, banks handle exchange business, letter of credit business and acceptance business for them. The first two are settlement businesses derived from bank deposit business, while acceptance business relies on bank credit to guarantee customers' credit. By the end of 2000, the export growth rate of general trade continued to be higher than that of processing trade, the structural adjustment of export products was also accelerated, and the export of high-tech products and electromechanical products grew rapidly.

3. Regression method and model establishment

3. 1 research methods and principles

The influencing factors of bank deposits in Shanghai are studied and predicted by using multiple linear stepwise regression method. Stepwise regression is to introduce the independent variables into the regression equation one by one according to the effect of the independent variables on the dependent variables. For each introduced variable, the significance of each independent variable in the equation is tested at the same time, and the qualified ones are retained, and the insignificant ones are eliminated, and repeated until no significant variables can be introduced. Regression analysis is to establish regression equation (model) according to the maximum combination of independent variables and predict the future development trend of dependent variables.

The application condition of this method is that there are a large number of observation statistical data, which is suitable for studying the factor objects with uncertain relationship forms. The application tool is SPSS statistical software.

3.2 Establishment and solution of the model

Because bank deposits are exponentially related to most variables, the 50-year data of the original variables in Table 2. 1 are logarithmically transformed (LN 10 ()), and the transformed sample data are regressed for 8 years, and then the model is established.

Let the model of multiple linear regression be:

lnY =β0+β 1x 1+β2 x2+β3x 3+…+β9x 9+β 10x 10

These include:

Y: Bank deposits in the whole city (100 million yuan)

X 1- savings of residents in the whole city (100 million yuan) X6- total wages of employees (100 million yuan)

X2- Number of employees (ten thousand yuan) x7- Labor insurance and welfare expenses of employees (ten thousand yuan)

X3- consumption level of residents in the whole city (RMB/person) x8- total retail sales of social consumer goods (RMB 100 million)

X4 —— Bank loan of the whole city (100 million yuan) X9 —— fiscal revenue of the whole city (100 million yuan)

X5- Total investment in fixed assets of the whole society (100 million yuan) x 10- Total export commodities (100 million US dollars)

Note: The number of retrogressive years in the model is represented by (t-n), where n represents the number of retrogressive years. (t-n) does not participate in any calculation and is only used for identification.

Use SPSS 1 1.5 to make statistical analysis on the sample data, and the output results after running are shown in table 3.2. 1.

Table 3.2. 1 Coefficient of results of stepwise regression statistical analysis

Non-standardized coefficient of model.

B standard. Error β

18 (constant)-.9941.012-.982.334

Residential warehouse 7.692.146.5938+0.000000001

Slave11386 604+06 2.50060.0000000000006

Fixed investment 6-285. 046-6. 246. 000

Finance 4-.634.146-.289-4.358.000

Bank loan 41.007.100.81310.057.000.

Laofu 2-1.396.189-1.221-7.380.000

Salary:11.053.232+0.000.50000.0000000000005

Finance 3-.670.134-.311-5.005.000

Sender 8-2.4 13.336-

From person 2 2.954 .670 .479 4.406 .000.

Bank loan 2.520.110.440 4.703.000

Laofu 6.418.193.305 2.168.039

The regression model is:

lnY = 0.595 x 1(t-7)+0.2 16 x2(t- 1)-0.28 X5(t-6)-0.289 x9(t-4)+0.8 13 x4(t-4)-

1.22 1x 7(t-2)+0.754 X6(t- 1)-0.3 1 1x 9(t-3)-0.485 x2(t-8)+0.479 x2(t-2)+

0.44X4(t-2) +0.305X7(t-6)

Therefore, in the 50-year data sample of the next eight years, the growth of bank deposits is related to the residents' savings in the first seven years, the number of employees in the first eight years and the first two years, the total investment in fixed assets in the whole society in the first six years, the city's fiscal revenue in the first four years and the first three years, the bank loans in the first four years and the first two years, the employee labor insurance benefits in the first two years and the first six years, and the first 65,438.

4. Conclusion and evaluation

4. 1 model evaluation

4. Analysis of the Entry Factors of1.1

Table 4. 1. 1. 1 variables input/removed (a)

Method for remove model variable input variable

1 7 residence. Step by step (standard: probability of entry < = .050, probability of removal & gt=. 100).

2 salary 7. Step by step (standard: probability of entry < = .050, probability of removal & gt=. 100).

3 fixed investment 8. Step by step (standard: probability of entry < = .050, probability of removal & gt=. 100).

4 slave 1. Step by step (standard: probability of entry < = .050, probability of removal & gt=. 100).

Grade 5.7 salary (standard: probability of entering < = .050, probability of leaving & gt=. 100).

Because SPSS 1 1.5 software performs overall statistical operation on Shanghai related data through specific programs, it is more objective and notarized. As can be seen from the above table, residents' savings in the first seven years are introduced according to the influence degree of independent variables on dependent variables. In the fifth step, the wages of employees in the first seven years are excluded, and in the following steps, 14 and 17, the fixed investment in the first eight years and bank loans in the first three years are excluded. When more and more variables are introduced, it is found that these three excluded variables are obviously unqualified. In addition, in 10 independent variables, such as the consumption level of the whole city, the total retail sales of social consumer goods and the total export commodities did not enter the model. Because the total increment of foreign trade export commodities did not reach enough significance to enter the equation, it was eliminated. However, with the globalization of trade and the improvement of China's international status, Shanghai's total foreign trade exports will continue to increase, which will have a significant effect on bank deposits in the near future.

From Table 3.2. 1, it can be seen that the total investment in fixed assets, fiscal revenue, employee labor insurance benefits in the first two years and employees' bank deposits in the first eight years are negatively correlated, that is, with their increase, the growth of bank deposits will slow down, and the employee labor insurance benefits in the first two years have the strongest influence, with the coefficient of-1.226438. In the first eight years, the influence of employees, fiscal revenue and the total investment in fixed assets of the whole society decreased in turn. For example, the increase in the total investment in fixed assets in the whole society shows that state-owned, collective, individual, joint venture, joint stock system, foreign businessmen, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan have provided investment in fixed assets such as capital construction, renovation and real estate development, and they have to withdraw their own deposits from banks, and sometimes they need to borrow money from banks to complete their investment, so it is conceivable that the amount of deposits in banks will gradually increase. For example, fiscal revenue, the government's fiscal revenue is obtained through taxes, fees and other means. If the state levies more taxes on individuals and enterprises, their expenditures will increase and their net income will decrease. If consumption remains unchanged or improves, the money used for bank deposits will decrease accordingly, which will lead to a slow increase in bank deposits in cities.

However, residents' savings, bank loans, employees' wages, employees in the previous 1 year and the previous two years, and employees' labor insurance benefits in the previous six years are positively related to bank deposits, that is, with their increase, the growth of bank deposits will also accelerate, among which bank loans in the first four years have the strongest influence, with the coefficient of 0.8 13, followed by residents' savings, and so on. For example, the increase of employees' wages will increase people's income. Although part of the income will be used to pay for consumption, most people will still put their money in the bank for various investments, which will accelerate the increase of bank deposits. Another example: the increase of residents' savings will of course directly affect the increase of bank deposits, which is beyond doubt, because residents' savings is the main content of bank deposit business and the main way for banks to absorb funds. For another example, the economic development will increase the amount of bank loans, and banks want to get more profits by lending to individuals or corporate customers, so banks will use various means to increase the amount of attracting funds. In this case, idle funds in society will flow to banks because of higher income, thus accelerating the increase of bank deposits.

From Table 4. 1.2. 1, it can be seen that with the more variables input, the F value changes from large to small, and then from small to large, so that the F value in the last step reaches11.379, indicating that the regression model contains/kloc.

4. 1.3 Diagnosis of autocorrelation problem

Generally, when the DW value is 1.5 ~ 2.5, the residuals and independent variables are independent of each other. As can be seen from Table 4. 1.3. 1, the DW value of the regression model is 2.342, indicating that the model has no autocorrelation problem and can be used.

Table 4. 1.3. 1 model summary

Model R R square adjustment r square standard. Error of

4. 1.4 sample test

Table 4. 1.4

Relative error (%) between year value (y 1) and predicted value (y2).

200 1 3.93 4.05 3.05

2002 3.98 4. 17 4.77

2003 4.09 4.32 5.62

The calculation method of the relative error of the above sample test is to subtract the corresponding paired value from the predicted value from 200 1 to 2003, and then divide it by the paired value. Its formula:

Relative error = (y2-y1)/y1×100%.

The relative error of sample test should not be greater than 10%, which shows that the established model can be used. The calculation relative errors of Table 4. 1.4. 1 are all less than 10%, which shows that the model is well established.

4. 1.5 residual normality test

Figure 4. 1.5. 1 Logarithmically standardized residual histogram of bank deposits

Figure 4. 1.5. 1 shows that the normalized residual normal curve has a mean value of 0 and a standard deviation of 0.84, which is close to the standard normal curve and basically meets the hypothesis theory of normal distribution of random error terms, and the model fitting effect is good.

4. 1.6 Lognormal Probability Diagram and Residual scatter diagram of Bank Deposits

Fig. 4. 1.6. 1 normal probability diagram

Figure 4. 1.6.2 scatter plot

Figure 4. 1.6. 1 shows that the data points representing the sample residuals are basically on or around the straight line representing the specified normal distribution, so it basically conforms to the hypothesis theory of the normal distribution of residuals.

Figure 4. 1.6.2 shows that the scattered points of the residual are random and uniform, and most of them fall between the horizontal lines -2 and 2, so it can be judged that the residual and the dependent variable are highly independent, which basically meets the hypothesis theory of residual independence, and the fitting effect of the model is good.

4.2 Conclusion

To sum up, the increase of commercial bank deposits can reflect the increase of Shanghai residents' income and the improvement of their quality of life, as well as the rapid financial development and economic prosperity in Shanghai. After China's entry into WTO, the degree of financial opening to the outside world has deepened, and the competition among domestic banks, foreign banks and Chinese banks has become increasingly fierce. Deposit is an important field of competition. With the enrichment of people's material life, the change of consumption concept and the increase of investment channels, these factors will profoundly affect the characteristics of customers' deposit demand. At present, the liabilities of commercial banks in China are mainly deposits, with a single debt structure and lack of stability; At the same time, due to historical and institutional reasons, banks, especially state-owned commercial banks, have problems such as poor asset quality, high non-performing loan ratio and insufficient capital, which have accumulated a lot of risks in China's banking industry. Therefore, the deposit products of China's commercial banks must be improved in contract design, perfect the mechanism design of equal incentives and constraints, innovate the types of deposit products, and meet the individual needs of different customers; At the same time, it is necessary to improve the stability of deposits. As a national financial center, Shanghai should establish a reasonable financial system and improve its system according to the progress of the times. As an important part of finance, commercial banks should also constantly reform and innovate to better serve individual and corporate customers, which is of great significance and role to the improvement of Shanghai people's living standards and the stable development of the economy.

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[6] Shanghai Statistical Yearbook. htj/tjnj/tjnj2007.htm