There is a causal relationship between system variables. Find out several factors that affect a certain result, establish a mathematical model between cause and effect, and predict the change of the result variable according to the change of the factor variable, which not only predicts the development direction of the system, but also determines the specific numerical change law. The dependent variable and independent variable in the general causality model are synchronized in time.

Its methods mainly include time series analysis, linear regression analysis, probability statistics method, econometric method, system dynamics simulation, neural network technology and so on.